Courtesy of Eleanor White (Phys. Eng.) and Arlene Tyner ("Probe")
http://www.webcom.com/ctka/pr300-mkultra.html
Mind-Control Part 1:
Canadian and U.S. Survivors Seek Justice
"Curiously, often a classic manifestation of people who are afflicted with
certain psychotic disorders is the irrational fear that the CIA and FBI is
conspiring to harm them. In this case, the CIA involvement is real and the
covert nature of the involvement is not contested."
Orlikow v. United States (1988)1
By Arlene Tyner
Gripping survivor-centered accounts of medical atrocities committed by
CIA-funded mind-control (MC) researchers during the Cold War are rarely found
in traditional U.S. media.2 Neither are they the subject of emotionally
powerful TV docu-dramas commonly produced for broadcast and cable television.
In January 1998, the Canadian Broadcasting System (CBC) courageously filled
this void, although the blackout on government MC history is near-total in the
U.S.
The Sleep Room, a gut-wrenching four-hour miniseries, depicts the true story
of Dr. Ewen Cameron�s secret MKULTRA brainwashing experiments carried out in
the late 50s and early 60s at Allan Memorial Institute in Montreal. Widespread
publicity accompanying this major TV event has empowered many other Canadian
survivors of nonconsensual brainwashing experiments in hospitals and prisons
to come forward and seek justice in the courts.3
In Part I of the miniseries, gifted actors dramatize how vulnerable, trusting
hospital patients were transformed into virtual vegetables through doses of
"electroconvulsive therapy" 30-40 times more powerful than usual, sensory
deprivation, hallucinogenic and paralytic drugs, and other psychological and
physical tortures. Part II grippingly depicts the successful eight-year U.S.
lawsuit of nine survivors, who overcame fear to confront the humiliations and
frustrating delay tactics of the CIA lawyers. Joseph L. Rauh, Jr., a legendary
Washington civil rights attorney, and his partner James C. Turner eventually
prevailed for their clients. In 1988, the U.S. "national security"
establishment agreed to an out-of-court settlement of $750,000.4
This extraordinary CBC drama was based on Anne Collins� prize-winning 1989
book In the Sleep Room: The Story of CIA Brainwashing Experiments in Canada.
Collins exposed Cameron�s 1930s-1940s history of ethically unsupportable
experiments on psychiatric patients. Many of the people methodically abused by
Cameron had entered the Institute suffering only from mild disorders such as
anxiety and post-partum depression. By the time they were released from the
Sleep Room torture chamber, many had decades of memory completely wiped out.
Some did not remember their children and even had to relearn bladder and bowel
control.
A U.S. citizen since 1941, the Scottish-born Cameron resided in Albany, New
York, from which he commuted to Montreal each week. Before taking on the
directorship at Allan Memorial, which is associated with McGill University,
Cameron was chair of psychiatry and neurology at a medical school in Albany.
He worked closely with Alan Gregg, medical-sciences director of the
Rockefeller Foundation, which provided grants to found the Institute in 1943.5
As director from 1943 to 1964, Cameron achieved a worldwide reputation,
serving as the first chair of the World Psychiatric Association, as well as
president of the American and Canadian psychiatric associations.
In one barely watchable scene of institutional cruelty, Cameron is filmed
delivering a speech to psychiatrists about his successes in "curing" mental
illness. As he drones on, the camera switches to scenes of terrified resisting
patients being captured and restrained by doctors and nurses, forcibly being
dosed with drugs and high-voltage electroshock, then put to sleep for weeks at
a time in a room full of beds equipped with tape recorders and football
helmets.
Winner in 1998 of the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television�s Gemini
Awards in best picture and other categories, The Sleep Room touched the raw
nerves of Canadian citizens. Not only did they learn their government had been
the CIA�s junior consort during the Cold War against Communism, they also
discovered it had secretly granted $500,000 to fund the Allan Memorial
experiments. The CIA had only given Cameron $69,000 from 1957 to 1964. As the
lawsuit dragged on through the Reagan presidency, Rauh was forced to expose
the Canadian government�s role in helping the CIA derail the lawsuit, in
complete disregard for pain and lifelong suffering of its own citizens.6 In
1992 the Canadian government coughed up $100,000 for 76 Cameron victims. To
date 127 of his patients have come forward with their horror stories to seek
compensation.
CIA psychologist John Gittinger initiated contact with Cameron after reading
his article on "Psychic Driving" in the January 1956 American Journal of
Psychiatry. Gittinger persuaded Cameron to apply to the Society for the
Investigation of Human Ecology, a CIA front set up in 1955 to disburse funding
for what became a huge MKULTRA network in the U.S., Canada and overseas (in
collaboration with branches of the U.S. Armed Forces). The Human Ecology Fund
(its name was changed in 1961) operated secretly out of Cornell University in
New York City.
Cameron�s brainwashing grant application proposed to "depattern" patient
behavior through the use of mega-doses of electroshock, to reprogram patients�
minds with repetitious verbal messages 16 hours a day for six or seven days,
during which time the patient would be kept in partial sensory deprivation.
Cameron called this technique "psychic driving." Brainwashing would be
completed by subjecting patients to drug-enforced continuous sleep, sometimes
as long as weeks or even months.7
The Sleep Room portrays two generations of CIA personnel as equally deadly,
i.e., the 1950s Human Ecology bureaucrats who approved the funding for what
were considered "terminal" experiments on non-U.S. nationals, and the 1980s
CIA legal lords who maneuvered on grounds of "national security" to withhold
evidence of the agency�s negligence and failure to adhere to the Nuremberg
Code. The callousness of the CIA scientists is aptly captured in this
fictitious dialog, where the scientists are discussing whether to fund
Cameron�s proposal:
#1: He�s going to fry his patients. I can tell you that.
#2: Well, we won�t worry about the patients. That�s his problem. I just want
to know if he can brainwash them.
#1: He just might, you know. He�s right about the memory loss with a shock
like that. You couldn�t do that to volunteers.
#2: Well, should we give him the money?
#1: What have we got to lose? It�s not like he�s doing it to Americans.
While the tone is apt, the misleading impression that neither the CIA nor
Cameron were experimenting on U.S. citizens (witting or unwitting) during this
era is the miniseries� biggest flaw. According to the March 15, 1995 testimony
of Claudia Mullen before the President�s Advisory Commission on Human
Radiation Experiments (ACHRE), Ewen Cameron was the high-voltage expert in a
secret team of CIA doctor-brainwashers. Mullen and Chris DiNicola Ebner told a
visibly shaken group of scientists that memory-erasing electroshock, among
other horrors, was regularly used on physically healthy American children in
the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s.8 Unlucky enough to be delivered into CIA/military
custody by abusive or uncaring parents, children as young as eight years old
were subjected to trauma-based mind control (MC) programming to mold them into
"Manchurian Candidate" spies, assassins and sexual blackmailers.9 ACHRE�s
final report documented more than 4000 experiments, and anywhere from 16,000
to 23,000 unwitting victims!10 The numbers run past 200,000 when if one
includes the GIs deliberately exposed to radiation from atomic bomb testing.11
During this same era, U.S. psychiatric patients were also victimized. Harold
Blauer, a patient in the New York Psychiatric Institute, died in 1953 shortly
after being injected with a highly toxic dose of methyl-diamphetamine (MDA), a
derivative of mescaline. Blauer had entered the hospital suffering from
depression after a divorce. He had made progress solely with the talking cure.
Blauer did not know that his psychiatrist, Paul Hoch, was a CIA consultant
secretly under contract with the Army�s Edgewood Arsenal chemical/biological
warfare lab. This contract was negotiated through the New York State
Department of Mental Hygiene, which allowed trusting hospital patients to be
used as part of the Army�s search for "potential chemical warfare agents."
The MDA was not administered for any therapeutic reason. Blauer was scheduled
to be released from the hospital in a few weeks. His objections to the series
of injections, which were causing him great pain and discomfort, were
overridden by manipulative hospital personnel. Blauer was threatened before
the fourth nonfatal dose that if he didn�t give his consent, he would be moved
out of the Institute to hospital settings that displeased him. The fourth dose
caused a violent reaction. The fifth killed him. The Army began its cover-up
immediately, the sordid details of which are recounted in the 1987 court
decision awarding the Blauer estate $707,044. The court affixed blame for
Blauer�s needless death totally on the U.S. government.12
The Blauer case reveals a direct lineage between Nazi research projects and
the MKULTRA program. Mescaline was tested on concentration camp inmates during
the Third Reich�s search for a "truth serum."13 These and other Nazi
experiments were intensively studied by U.S. military scientists in occupied
Germany. Under the CIA�s Operation Paperclip, 1600 German and Austrian
scientists were secretly brought to the U.S. Some had worked for I.G. Farben
perfecting Zyclon-B gas for the extermination of Jews and other doomed
prisoners. Many were being investigated for war crimes when they were rescued
by a government intent on using their knowledge and expertise in the Cold War
against the Communist Eastern Bloc. Hundreds of chemists and other scientists
were given jobs at Edgewood Arsenal, which supplied the drugs, chemicals and
poisons for the CIA�s counterespionage and assassination programs during the
Korean and Vietnam wars, as well as covert interventions in the affairs of
many Third World nations.14
Though the Cold War is over, the U.S. military/CIA bureaucracies still invoke
"national security" and "plausible deniability" to hide a vast arsenal of
sophisticated mind-control and psychological warfare technology.15 All of
these weapons had to be perfected by means of human experimentation.
Psychiatrist Colin Ross found that many areas of brain research heading in the
direction of MC suddenly went "black" in the 1960s.16 His long-awaited book,
Building the Manchurian Candidate: Deliberate Creation of Multiple Personality
by Psychiatrists, will soon be published.
A hint about mind-control research first surfaced in the aftermath of the 1963
assassination of President John F. Kennedy. When J. Edgar Hoover testified
before the Warren Commission in 1964, he raised the possibility President
Kennedy had been killed by a programmed assassin dispatched by the Soviet
Union. Alarmed, the Commission requested the CIA to produce information on
Soviet brainwashing. The resultant CIA memo (so controversial it wasn�t
declassified until 1974) cryptically asserted the Soviets did not have any MC
techniques or drugs "not available in the West."17 However, neither Hoover
nor the CIA told the Commission that the U.S. had an operational program of
Manchurian Candidates up and running since World War II!18
The term "brainwashing" was first coined in 1950 by Edward Hunter, a CIA
employee operating undercover as a journalist, purportedly to explain how
American POWs in Korea were being coerced into confessing they used biological
weapons.19 Newspapers played up fears that the Soviets, the Chinese and North
Koreans were using a secret psychological weapon against allied soldiers. This
"brainwashing" scare was a successful CIA disinformation strategy used to
build support for an unpopular war.20 It also helped insulate military and
university researchers from accountability for violating medical ethics and
criminal laws.
The prevailing anticommunist hysteria that grew to justify the MKULTRA program
and its unambiguous violations of the Hippocratic Oath, the Nuremberg Code and
many international human-rights covenants was aptly summarized in 1954 by
former President Herbert Hoover:
It is now clear we are facing an implacable enemy whose avowed objective is
world domination.... There are no rules in such a game. Hitherto accepted
norms of human conduct do not apply.... If the United States is to survive,
long-standing American concepts of fair play must be reconsidered... We must
learn to subvert, sabotage and destroy our enemies by more clever, more
sophisticated, more effective methods than those used against us.21
The MKULTRA program began with a proposal by Richard Helms, then the CIA�s
Assistant Deputy Director for Plans, to fund "highly sensitive" research and
development using chemical/ biological substances to alter human behavior. It
was approved by CIA Director Allen Dulles on April 13, 1953 and was overseen
by chemist Sidney Gottlieb, chief of the CIA�s Technical Services Division
(TSD). The first MC programs, called Bluebird and Artichoke, were subsumed
under the MKULTRA umbrella. This program came to embrace an octopus-like
network with names like MK-Search (1963-1973), MK-Delta and MK-Naomi
(assassination programs carried out by the Army 1953-1970).22 Between 1953
and 1963 the TSD operated 149 subprojects in 80 U.S. and Canadian universities
and medical centers, and three prisons, involving 185 private researchers, 15
foundations and numerous pharmaceutical companies.23
In 1973, with the Watergate scandal looming, outgoing CIA Director Helms
ordered all MKULTRA records destroyed. He testified before the Senate�s Church
Committee two years later that Gottlieb:
"...came to me and said that he was retiring and I was retiring and he thought
it would be a good idea if these files were destroyed. And I also believe part
of the reason for our thinking this was advisable was there had been
relationships with outsiders in government agencies and other organizations
and these would be sensitive in this kind of thing but that since the program
was over and finished and done with, we thought we would just get rid of the
files as well, so that anybody who assisted us in the past would not be
subject to follow-up questions, embarrassment, if you will."24
Fortunately, 8,000 pages of mainly financial data escaped the CIA shredder,
and were declassified pursuant to a Freedom of Information lawsuit in the
1970s filed by the Center for National Security Studies. Though woefully
incomplete, these documents nevertheless became the bedrock of John Marks�
groundbreaking 1978 book, The Search for the "Manchurian Candidate": The CIA
and Mind Control.25
All branches of the military sponsored MC research in collaboration with the
CIA.26 Most civilian subjects were unwitting; even CIA employees and Army
recruits who consented to drug and hypnosis experiments were not properly
informed as to their dangers. MKULTRA clearly violated the Nuremberg Code
requirement that subjects give "informed consent" to participate in scientific
research: "This means that the person involved should have the legal capacity
to give consent; should be so situated as to be able to exercise free power of
choice, without the intervention of any element of force, fraud, deceit,
duress, overreaching, or other form of constraint or coercion." This Code was
established in 1948 by the same U.S. Military Tribunal that tried 24 Nazi
doctors for deadly experiments on concentration camp inmates. It was binding
on the U.S. as of February 26, 1953.27
How do we explain the hundreds of thousands of human guinea pigs callously
sacrificed during the Cold War?28 As Paperclip researcher Linda Hunt
concluded, "...we used Nazi science to kill our own people."29 Perhaps
survivor stories can help us understand what went wrong and why our secular
democracy allows huge bureaucracies of unsupervised, supersecret warriors
guided only by the cult-like religion of "national security" and the obsessive
search for "enemies of the state." The death of communism as a military threat
has not dented the religious zeal that still inspires the
military/intelligence establishment.
James Stanley, a career soldier, suffered soul murder as an Army lab rat. He
was given LSD in 1958 without being warned of its dangers, as were 1000 other
"volunteer" soldiers. Stanley suffered hallucinations, memory loss,
incoherence, and a negative personality change. Fits of uncontrollable
violence destroyed his family, and restricted his ability to earn a living.
And he never knew why until 1975, when the Army invited him to participate in
a follow-up study on "volunteers who participated" in LSD testing. In United
States vs. Stanley,30 the Supreme Court majority decided against Stanley�s
claim for damages. However, Justices Brennan, Marshall and O�Connor dissented,
asserting their belief that the Nuremberg Code�s standard of informed consent
applies to soldiers as well as civilians. In 1996 James Stanley finally
wrangled a $400,000 settlement from the government, but no apology for having
ruined his life.31
Unacknowledged civilian wreckage from unimaginably cruel brainwashing
experiments continues to bob to the surface from a vast sea of
still-classified, cold-war experiments. Survivors of ghoulish medical tortures
or the families of deceased victims are turning up in Canadian and U.S.
courtrooms today demanding compensation for a lifetime of suffering. Some
Canadian plaintiffs appear to have a slight advantage over their U.S. cousins,
who are severely hampered by the 1973 Helms/Gottlieb destruction of MKULTRA
records. Fortunately for these survivors, paper trails are being unearthed in
government, hospital and prison archives. The eminently freer Canadian press
also helps build public support for MC survivors� lawsuits.32
Gail Kastner, now in her 60s, did not discover Ewen Cameron�s experiments were
the cause of her "wasted life" until reading a newspaper story in the Montreal
Gazette in 1992. She sued the Canadian government and Montreal�s Royal
Victoria Hospital in 1999 after the government rejected her claim for damages.
A "brilliant student whose domineering father checked her into the institute
for depression," Kastner says that Cameron�s electroconvulsive "depatterning"
treatments and insulin-induced comas for five weeks at a time are responsible
for a life of screaming nightmares, recurring seizures, loss of memory, and
long-term regression to an infantile state. Her husband, son and twin sister
could not tolerate her bizarre behavior, i.e. "wetting the living-room carpet,
thumb-sucking, babytalk and wanting to be bottlefed." Abandoned by her own
family, she was rescued from homelessness by the Jewish Family Service.33
During the era of Cameron�s brainwashing regimens, psychiatrists and
psychologists in other Canadian institutions were using similar methods to
"treat" people haphazardly diagnosed with depression, schizophrenia or, in
prisons, what was perceived as "antisocial" conduct. Dorothy Proctor was a
rebellious 17-year-old when she entered the Prison for Women in Kingston,
Ontario on a three-year term for robbery. Primed first with sensory
deprivation and electroshock, she was administered LSD in 1961 by a prison
psychologist, then locked into "The Hole" to endure what for her was "Dante�s
Inferno."
Proctor, a Native and Black Canadian from Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia,
calls this "mind rape." She says she was singled out for such "Nazi-style
science" because she had twice escaped from the prison, bringing unfavorable
publicity to the authorities there. Proctor asserts that the steady prison
diet of LSD and other experimental drugs led her down the path to drug
addiction for 24 years. After publishing Chameleon: The Life of Dorothy
Proctor in 1994, this articulate and determined woman launched a complaint
with the Corrections Service of Canada (CSC), saying she suffered permanent
brain damage and hallucinations haunting her to the present day.
"I was reduced to a lab rat, a monkey in a cage," she told the Ottawa Citizen
(7/21/98), which has been covering the Proctor and other Canadian human
experimentation cases for a number of years. A government inquiry turned up
documentation (including clinical notes) that Proctor was not the only victim
of involuntary prison experimentation 1960-1963. At least 23 other women
prisoners were also used as human guinea pigs. Only four of these women have
been found to date. And instead of complying with the CSC�s recommendation of
an apology and financial compensation to Proctor, the Canadian government
commissioned an "ethics study" at McGill University. Meanwhile Proctor hired
lawyer James Newland and filed suit for $5 million in damages from the
Canadian government, George Scott, MD, the prison psychiatrist, and Mark
Eveson, a psychologist affiliated with Queen�s University.34
While the emotional shock of The Sleep Room still electrified Canadian
airways, the Ottawa Citizen published an expose drawn from interviews,
archives, scientific journals and correspondence between doctors and prison
officials. It found that hundreds of federal prisoners throughout Canada were
used for pharmaceutical trials of untested drugs, sensory deprivation, and
pain and electroshock studies. It uncovered a 1968 trial during which
defendant Christine Bauman claimed that she suffered terrifying personality
changes after being given LSD in 1961 at the Institute for Psychotherapy, not
far from Kingston Prison where she had been incarcerated.35 Furthermore,
archival materials released through the Proctor lawsuit indicate that some
abuses may have begun as early as March 24, 1949, when a new electroshock
machine arrived at Kingston Penitentiary. Electroshock has a history of being
used as punishment in Nazi Germany and against Blacks in apartheid South
Africa.36
By late 1999, additional Canadian women and men came forward to claim they
were used in prison and hospital experiments in the 1960s and 1970s. A
class-action suit against the prison system was filed anonymously by "Jane
Doe," a 75-year-old grandmother who realized after reading newspaper stories
that she was one of the 23 women who were given LSD and other terrifying
"treatments" without their consent while in prison . Her lawsuit charges Scott
and Eveson with assault, intentional affliction of mental suffering, and
negligence. Her access to the Eveson�s clinical notes, released as a result of
the Proctor suit, helped her recognize what had been done to her 38 years
ago.37
Less documented, however, are the connections of these prison experiments to
U.S. mind-control funding sources. Canadian newspaper stories usually include
the caveat that although prison use of LSD and "shock therapy" coincided with
CIA "brainwashing" experiments at Allan Memorial Institute, no evidence has
been found to link the programs. However, Allen Hornblum, author of Acres of
Skin: The Human Experiments at Holmesburg Prison, said on a 1998 CBC radio
show that some of the experiments conducted in U.S. prisons during this era
were sponsored by the U.S. Army and the CIA. And he pointed out that shortly
after seven Nazi doctors were hung at Nuremberg for horrific experiments on
inmates at Bergen Belsen, Auschwitz and Ravensbruk, U.S. doctors were
injecting plutonium and uranium into unwitting hospital patients.38
Activist Lynne Moss-Sharman does not rule out a hidden connection between the
Canadian prison experiments and CIA/military brainwashing research.
Moss-Sharman is the Canadian contact for ACHES-MC (Advocacy Committee for
Human Experimentation Survivors � Mind Control), and is herself a survivor of
brainwashing experimentation during her childhood.39 The Canadian military
had a close relationship with Edgewood Arsenal during the years it funded MC
experiments in hospitals and prisons.40
Moss-Sharman has been organizing support for federal prisoner Richard Carlson,
who filed a civil claim in October 1998. Carlson says his use in covert
brainwashing experiments from 1968 to 1974 in several Kingston-area prisons
caused a lifelong psychiatric disability. According to Moss-Sharman, the
authorities retaliated against Carlson going public about the prison
brainwashing experiments. They unsuccessfully tried to change his status to
"dangerous offender," which would have carried a mandatory life sentence for
the bank robbery charge, which he is also appealing.
Three people connected to Carlson have died under mysterious circumstances
since he launched his brainwashing claim. They include Tony Vaitelis, the
second male inmate to make claims similar to Carlson�s, an unnamed former
hospital orderly and potential witness to prison brainwashing, and Carlson�s
30-year-old son. Moss-Sharman says Carlson is dangerous to Correctional
Services Canada because he can name the inmates who died during the prison
experiments and can describe what happened in the experimental units.41
"Insulin shock therapy" was frequently used on Ewen Cameron�s patients at
Allan Memorial. In 1999 the widow of Yuan Woo (Jean-Paul Martineau), a former
Royal Canadian Air Force radar technician, went public with the story of how
her deceased husband had been the unwitting subject of "insulin shock therapy"
experiments in Queen Mary�s Veterans Hospital in 1953. Martineau curiously
changed his name to "Juan Woo" after being discharged. As a result of medical
mistreatment, Ms. Woo says, her husband developed such a morbid fear of
physicians, he postponed going to the doctor until he was near death from
cancer in 1996.42
In the U.S., MC survivors and their families are hard-pressed to secure files
documenting their claims, if indeed such records escaped the shredder years
ago. Since 1985 all litigants have been hampered by C.I.A. vs. Sims,43 a
landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision that undergirds the CIA�s refusal to name
its contract institutions and individual researchers on grounds of "national
security."44 Only 59 CIA/military contract institutions and a handful of
researchers consented to be publicly named in the 1970s when the MKULTRA
program was exposed.
The most well-publicized U.S. victim of the MKULTRA experiments is Frank
Olson, a biochemist who worked at the Army Chemical Corps� Special Operations
Division at Ft. Detrick, in Frederick, Maryland. On November 18, 1953, Olson
was given a drink of Cointreau secretly laced with LSD. He immediately became
agitated and severely paranoid, a condition that lasted for days. Olson was
said to have committed suicide nine days later by jumping 13-stories to his
death through the closed window of a New York hotel. Members of his family did
not learn he had been drugged until 1975 when the MKULTRA behavior-control
program was exposed. They later received an apology from President Gerald Ford
and a $750,000 settlement.
However, after studying documents declassified in later years, Eric Olson
believed his father may have been pushed out the window. He had the body
exhumed in 1994. A group of private forensic researchers announced on the 41th
anniversary of Olson�s death that both forensic and other evidence were
"starkly suggestive of homicide."45 A second skull fracture (missed in the
initial autopsy) means Olson may have been hit on the head before his body
went through the window. Also the lack of cuts on Olson�s body would appear to
rule out the official CIA story of his "suicide."46 Armond Pastore, the
hotel night manager who kneeled beside the dying Olson back in 1953, said, "I
never heard of anybody jumping through a closed window with the blind down."47
Last year a New York grand jury was looking at this new evidence.48
The first CIA brainwashing case to go before a jury took place in 1999. I
learned about this civil trial through two articles in the Philadelphia
Inquirer.49 This civil trial centered on the tragic life of up-and-coming
artist Stanley Glickman, who says that in 1952 in a Paris cafe, MKULTRA czar
Sidney Gottlieb had brought him a drink laced with LSD. Gottlieb denied doing
this, despite admitting he had spiked the drinks of other unsuspecting people
in the 1950s. Glickman suffered a psychological breakdown from which he never
recovered. After collapsing he was rushed to American Hospital where he
claimed doctors there administered electroshock therapy "via a catheter up his
penis" as well as more hallucinogenic drugs.50
After learning about the CIA�s LSD experiments on unwitting subjects in the
1970s, Glickman sued in 1983. His identification of Gottlieb was based on
remembering that the strange man in the bar had a club foot. Using the same
delay-and-attrition tactics heaped on the nine elderly Canadians in Orlikow,
the CIA was able to delay the trial for 16 years. Glickman died in 1992 but
his sister Gloria Kronisch continued the lawsuit. Dominick L. DiCarlo, a
conservative chief judge "on loan" from the U.S. Court of International Trade
in New York City, presided.
What happened next will some day be the stuff of high drama in a Sleep
Room-type teleplay exposing the CIA�s 50-year history of crimes against
humanity. Finally being called to account in a courtroom for overseeing a
quarter-century of U.S.-style Nazi science, Gottlieb becomes ill, causing
postponement of the February trial. On the eve of the March date, he
unexpectedly dies. Both the New York Times and the Los Angeles Times
obituaries report that the Gottlieb family refuses to disclose the cause of
his death. The online WorldNet Daily, however, reports that Gottlieb, 80, died
after a "month-long bout with pneumonia." According to this story, he was
admitted to the University of Virginia Medical Center in Charlottesburg on
February 14, and "lapsed into a coma" on March 5 "from which he never
recovered."51
Are we overly paranoid to suspect the CIA of foul play here? Did life
boomerang on the aged Dr. Strangelove? Was this enthusiastic harvester of
exotic poisons and inventor of bizarre assassination delivery systems somehow
silenced by same to prevent his spilling the CIA�s dirty secrets in a court of
law?52
Anyway, the trial goes forward in late March, with the Glickman estate suing
the Gottlieb estate (the claims against Helms and the CIA had been thrown
out). As the lawyers near their final summations, Judge DiCarlo, 71, suddenly
drops dead of a heart attack while exercising in a federal gym located next to
the court. His New York Times obituary makes no mention of the controversial
CIA trial (nor does the Times even cover the trial).53 However, the New York
Daily News, with more guts and pizzazz, reports that DiCarlo�s death "created
a surreal scene as paramedics and a priest called to give last rites mingled
with jurors preparing to decide one of the strangest cases being heard in the
city."54 Goosebumps and paranoia strike again. Was this Reagan-appointed
judge a victim of the CIA�s long-rumored, untraceable method of inducing heart
attacks? Or was it the stress of a CIA trial that killed him?
Almost on cue, Federal Judge Kimba Wood was assigned to take DiCarlo�s place,
a move prejudicial to the plaintiff since she had thrown out this case in
1997. The Second Circuit Court of Appeals reinstated the lawsuit in 1998.55
After closing arguments, the jury deliberated for seven hours before ruling
against the Glickman estate.
But the evidence of foul play goes way beyond the spiking of Glickman�s drink.
His Paris hospital records show that two of his doctors had been engaged in
LSD research at the time. Also, CIA files from 1952 reveal a special interest
in the heightened effect of LSD on people with hepatitis. One of Glickman�s
American Hospital doctors had previously treated him for hepatitis, making
this once-promising young artist "the ideal guinea pig."56
I would like to thank Lynne Moss-Sharman, Kathy Kasten, Eleanor White and
Blanche Chavoustie for providing news articles and other research materials
for this series.
Endnotes
1. 682 F. Supp. 77, 94 (D.C. 1988) (Civ. No. 80-3153). For a summary of the
federal court cases cited in this article , see "The Law and Mind Control: A
Look at the Law and Government Mind Control Through Five Cases"" by Attorney
Helen McGonigle (http://members.aol.com/smartnews/fivecases.htm)
2. Survivor testimonies, however, can be found on the Internet:
(http://morethanconquerors.simplenet.com/MCF/)
3. MacLean�s, 4/21/97 (p. A3) and 1/12/98 (P. 66); The Gazette (Montreal),
3/13/97 (p. A3) and 1/11/98 (p. C9); Toronto Star, 1/10/98 (p. SW10) and
1/11/98 (p. B7); Toronto Sun, 1/11/98 (TV 3); Ottawa Citizen, 1/10/98 (p. H4);
CBC broadcast, "Fifth Estate," 1/6/98
4. For a history of Orlikow, see "Anatomy of a Public Interest Case Against
the CIA," by Joseph L. Rauh, Jr. and James C. Turner, Hamline Journal of
Public Law and Policy, Vol. II (2), Fall 1990.
(http://www.radix.net/~jcturner/anat-tofc.html)
5. Collins, In the Sleep Room (Key Porter Books, 1998), pp. 94, 101-104.
6. Joe Rauh�s lifelong history of defending victims of government abuse was
postumously rewarded in 1994 when President Bill Clinton awarded him the
Presidential Medal of Freedom. Rauh had died in 1992, the Canadian case
against the CIA having been his last hurrah.
7. Rauh and Turner, op. cit.
8. A videotape of the ACHRE hearing is available from Missoulians for a Clean
Environment, P.O. Box 2885, Missoula, MT 59806 (Phone: 406-543-7210). A
transcript is posted at
http://morethanconquerers.simplenet.com/MCF/ckln07.htm. Tape 14: "Giving
testimony regarding survival as a government mind-control victim: My testimony
and the backlash," Mullen�s presentation to the 1997 Believe the Children
(BTC) Conference can be ordered from BTC Repeat Performance, 2911 Crabapple
Lane, Hobart, IN 46342. This tape also includes the BTC presentation by
therapist Valerie Wolf, BCSW, ACSW, BCD, "Assessment and treatment of
survivors of sadistic abuse."
9. Rappaport, Jon, Mind Control Experiments on Children, self-published book
containing the supporting documentation produced by legal and medical
professionals for the 1995 ACHRE hearings.
(http://home.earthlink.net/~alto/index.html)
10. Final Report of President�s Commission on Human Radiation Experiments
(ACHRE), 1996 (http://tis.eh.doe.gov/ohre/roadmap/achre/index.html)
11. ACHRE Report, ibid., Chapter 10.
12. Barrett v. U.S., 660 F.Supp. 1291 (S.D.N.Y. 1987). See Hunt, op. cit.,
pp. 170, 235 for details on the Blauer case.
13 Lifton, R.J., The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of
Genocide (Basic Books, 1986), pp. 289-290.
14 See generally, Hunt, L., Secret Agenda: The United States Government, Nazi
Scientists, and Project Paperclip, 1945 to 1990 (St. Martin�s Press, 1991).
15 "Wonder Weapons: the Pentagon�s quest for nonlethal arms is amazing. But
is it smart?" U.S. News and World Report, July 7, 1997.
16 Ross, Colin, "The CIA and Military Mind Control Research: Building the
Manchurian Candidate." A lecture given at the 9th Annual Western Clinical
Conference on Trauma and Dissociation, April 18, 1996, Orange County,
California. Transcript and/or audiotape can be ordered from CKLN-FM, 380
Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W7 (phone 416-595-1477; fax
416-595-0226). Transcript is posted at
http://morethanconquerers.simplenet.com/MCF/ckln01.htm.
17. Russell, D. The Man Who Knew Too Much (Carroll & Graf, 1992), pp.
673-674.
18. Ross, op. cit. See also George H. Estabrooks, PhD, "Hypnosis comes of
age," Science Digest, April 1971, pp. 44-50.
19. Russell, Dick, op. cit., pp. 193-194. According to historians Stephen
Endicott and Edward Hagerman, The United States and Biological Warfare
(Indiana University Press, 1999), the U.S. did use germ weapons in Korea.
20. Scheflin, A. & Opton, Jr., E.M., The Mind Manipulators. (Paddington
Press, 1978), p. 107.
21. Secret report to the Eisenhower White House, quoted in Hunt, Linda, op.
cit., p. 263.
22. "C.I.A. Documents Tell of 1954 Project to Create Involuntary Assassins,"
New York Times, February 9, 1978, p. 17.
23. New York Times, August 2, 1977, pp. 1, 16.
24. Foreign and Military Intelligence, Book I, Final Report of the Select
Committee to Study Government Operations With Respect to Intelligence
Activities [the "Church Committee" report], U.S. Senate (April 26, 1976), pp.
403-404. Quoted in Russell, op. cit. p. 775 (Note 12).
25 Online version of Marks� book:
http://druglibrary.org/schaffer/lsd/marks.htm
25. Ross, op. cit.
27. Orlikow, op. cit., at 82.
28 Sea, G., "The Radiation Story No One Would Touch," Columbia Journalism
Review, March/April 1994 (http://www.cjr.org/year/94/2/radiation.asp)
29. Hunt, op. cit., p. 268.
30. 483 U.S. 669 (1987)
31. March 6, 1996 article provided by Lynne Moss-Sharman (newspaper not
identified)
32. Some examples from the Ottawa Citizen: "Debate over prison
experimentation emerges from shadows," 9/28/98; "Minister demands answers on
prison experiments: Solicitor general upset by Citizen account of inmates used
as guinea pigs," 10/1/98; "LSD trials on inmates �unethical�: Ignore proposal
for compensation, McGill study says," 10/31/98; "Military tested LSD on
civilians: Canada funded Cold War probe into mind control," 12/7/98. From CBC
Radio, "Secret experiments on Canada�s convicts," 11/9/98. From the Toronto
Star: "Prisoners used for �frightening� tests, new papers show," 12/18/99.
33. CBC Montreal (Ivan Slobod), 1/5/00; "Woman suing over CIA experiments,"
Globe and Mail, 1/6/00; �Hell for my family,� Montreal Gazette, 1/11/00;
"Shock treatment victim supports suit," The Daily Miner (Kenora), 1/21/00.
34. CKLN Radio (Toronto) "Shrinkrap" interviews Dorothy Proctor and lawyer
James Newland, August 1998; "Inmates subdued with drugs, shock therapy, report
says," Globe and Mail, 10/31/98; Ottawa Citizen: "Burden of proof on LSD
inmates: Government won�t compensate women without more proof that tests
caused harm," 2/3/98; "LSD tested on female prisoners," 2/28/98; "The case for
prison�s LSD tests," 3/1/98; "Pay LSD victims: Reform (Party): Law and Order
Party calls experiments on inmates �sickening�," 3/2/98; "Privacy an issue in
LSD probe," 3/20/98; "LSD experiments �good research back then�," 7/10/98;
"MPs demand inquiry into prison tests," 9/29/98; "Minister demands answers on
Citizen account of inmates used as guinea pigs," 10/1/98; "Scott stalling LSD
report, critics charge," 10/15/98; "LSD trials on inmates �unethical�,"
10/31/98); "Government accused of withholding files on prison LSD testing,"
12/8/99;
35. " �I was in a very bad state�- LSD guinea pig says form inmate underwent
dramatic personality changes," Ottawa Citizen, 9/26/98.
36. Eastgate, J., "The Case Against Electroshock Treatment," USA Today
(Magazine), November 1998, p. 28.
37. "75-year-old guinea pig wants to sue," Ottawa Citizen, 12/9/99.
38. "This Morning," CBC Radio, Nov. 9, 1998. Interviewers: Avril Benoit and
Rosie Rowbotham.
39. In a 1997 interview on CKLN radio, Moss-Sharman recounts her own
nightmare as a child victim of CIA/military brainwashing experiments.
(http://morethanconquerers.simplenet.com/MCF/ckln16.htm). Also see "Mind
Games: Another woman comes forward to claim the CIA used her as a guinea pig
in hideous experiments," Ottawa Citizen, 9/13/97 (posted at
http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~alb/misc/ ottawaMindControl.html)
40. "Military tested LSD on civilians: Canada funded Cold War probe into mind
control," Ottawa Citizen, 12/7/98.
41. Chronical Journal (Thunder Bay, Ontario): "Carlson gets access to prison
file," 5/1/99; "Carlson case adjourns," 10/27/99; "Convicted bank robber
Carlson launches appeal bid," 2/2/00. Two letters to the Canadian Human Rights
Commission re: Carlson (11/9/99 from Moss-Sharman and 12/30/99 from Patty
Rehn, U.S. contact for ACHES-MC) are available from the author upon request.
42. " �The nightmares are real�: Widow blames military for man�s suffering,"
Ottawa Citizen, 10/11/99; "Was Canuck in CIA experiments? Widow wants to know
why hubby suffered," Sun Media, 10/12/99.
43. C.I.A. vs. Sims., 471 U.S. 159, 85 L.Ed.2d, 105 S.Ct. 1881 (1985).
44. A revealing account of the difficulties U.S. citizens encounter in making
claims against the government can be found in Budiansky, Goode, Gast, "The
Cold War Experiments," U.S. News and World Report, January 24, 1994.
45. Philadelphia Inquirer, November 29, 1994, B6.
46. Los Angeles Times, July 13, 1994, A4
47. The Independent (London), June 4, 1994, p. 8.
48. Baker, R., "Conspiracy: In 1952, Stanley Glickman was a promising young
painter studying in Paris. Then one night he shared a drink with some fellow
Americans, and his life fell apart. Did the CIA spike his drink with LSD? The
Observer (Guardian Newspapers Ltd.), February 14, 1999.
49. "Case against CIA that began with �52 encounter winds down," 4/30/99, and
"Jury rejects suit alleging �52 drugging," 5/1/99.
50. Baker, op. cit.
51. New York Times, 3/10/99 and Los Angeles Times, 4/4/99. See
http://www.sightings.com/ufo2/ gottlieb.htm for the 3/11/99 WorldNet Daily
obituary.
52. Regarding Gottlieb�s bizarre plans to assassinate Fidel Castro and
Patrice Lumumba, see Impact International, April 1999
(http://www.africa2000.com/IMPACT/gottlieb.jpg)
53. "Judge Dominick L. DiCarlo, 71, Narcotics Fighter Under Reagan," New York
Times, 4/30/99, C21. A 3/10/99 Gottlieb obituary written by Tim Weiner also
makes no mention of the Glickman trial.
54. Daily News, April 28, 1999, p. 2.
55. Kronisch v. U.S., 150 F.3d 112 (2d Cir. 1988). Posted on New Jersey Law
Journal website: http://www.nylj.com/nyljcontent/072298dd.htm.
56. Baker, op. cit.
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