Cloned sheeps, pigs, or cows that produce proteins and organs for
medicine are one giant step closer to reality. For the first
time, experts have cloned "knock-in" sheep in which foreign genes
were placed into specific places in the chromosomes, researchers
report in the 29 June issue of Nature.
Dolly the sheep was the first big success of a technique
called cloning by nuclear transfer. In it, DNA from one cell is
transferred into an emptied egg cell lacking its own genetic
material. The egg then develops via the commands of the
transplanted DNA.
In late 1997, researchers first adapted cloning technology
to add foreign genes to the transplanted DNA in the host egg
cell. But because the scientists had no control over exactly
where the extra gene went, they couldn't control whether the gene
was ever used. To guarantee high production of a particular
protein--essential for a commercially viable clone--researchers
need to target the gene to a specific spot in the genome. But
until now, gene targeting had only worked in mice and, in one
experiment, in human connective tissue cells.
The problem, realized Alexander Kind and his colleagues at
PPL Therapeutics in Edinburgh, Scotland, was finding a way to
insert the gene before the donor cells got too old. Most cells
can divide only a limited number of times in culture, and gene
targeting requires several rounds of cell division. When Kind
improved the efficiency of each step and cut down on the number
of necessary cell divisions, his team managed to produce two
sheep, Cupid and Diana. The sheep have marker genes--and one has
a gene for a therapeutic protein--"knocked in" to specific places
along their chromosomes.
This breakthrough is "the most earthshaking news of the
year," says Robert Wall with the U.S. Department of Agriculture
in Beltsville, Maryland. Kind's team has pulled off the same
feat in cow and pig cells and says it plans to make knock-in pigs
that carry a protein that will help the human immune system
accept pig organs as transplants.
For more, see:
http://www.academicpress.com/inscight/06282000/grapha.htm
<AHREF="http://www.academicpress.com/inscight/06282000/grapha.htm">Click
here: inScight - 29 June 2000: New Cloning Achievement Adds
Genes</A>
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Kadosh, Kadosh, Kadosh, YHVH, TZEVAOT
FROM THE DESK OF: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
*Mike Spitzer* <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
~~~~~~~~ <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
The Best Way To Destroy Enemies Is To Change Them To Friends
Shalom, A Salaam Aleikum, and to all, A Good Day.
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