-------- Original Message --------
Subject: STUDY ON NUCLEAR AND SPACE WEAPONS
Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2000 01:18:59 +0800
From: " AMPHIKTYON" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
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(Part One of Two)
Maj. General KOSTAS KONSTANTINIDIS(Ret)
Author-Journalist
Member of ex-NATO Generals for Peace & Disarmament
20-Kalymnou Street, CHALANDRI ,152.31, GREECE
Tel: 301 6726 185, Fax: 301 6747 124
e mail [EMAIL PROTECTED]
10 July, 00
Dear friends of World Conference against the A & H Bomb, media,
policy-makers, NGOs, friends and associates, link partners , and others
around the world.
We, the ex-NATO Generals & Admirals for Peace and Disarmament (Hellenic
Section) made the following study of the present global situation.
Please forward this to someone you think would like to receive it.
Prologue
The economic globalization is increasingly accompanied by the drive for
U.S. hegemony . The American Empire "is both system and hierarchy,
centralized construction of norms and far-reaching production of
legitimacy,
spread out over world space."
That military dominance is directed against recalcitrant sovereign nations,
that are opposite to their imperialist power. The brutal bombing of
Yugoslavia by NATO forces, led by the U.S. military, was the most recent
example of the new U.S strategic dogma. The relentless push to expand NATO
ever-eastward and to establish NATO-linked alliances in Asia, and Latin
America, are part of this concept. Expansion of NATO means new markets for
US military contractors and world domination. Therefore, we protest against
the cruelty of the self-styled humanitarians who wield enormous economic
and technological power without a
trace of wisdom or compassion, whose wealth and military might have brought
them to the state of mind which the ancient Greeks called hubris.
It is the arrogance of a small ruling clique who take it upon themselves
to decide how to use the immense military power of the United States, and
who never question their own right to do such big crimes.
Despite the "end of the cold war" and the dismantling of the Soviet Union,
the U.S is rushing forward with ballistic missile defense (BMD)
deployments which will abrogate the Anti Ballistic Missile (ABM) and outer
space treaties. This aims to enhance the capability of the U.S. to launch a
nuclear first-strike.
U.S. Alone Opposes Treaty on Space Weapons
It is not surprising, therefore, that the U.S. has consistently blocked the
establishment of an ad hoc committee in the Geneva-based Conference on
Disarmament to negotiate a treaty on preventing an arms race in space. It
has also been virtually the only country in the U. N. General Assembly to
vote against, or more recently, to abstain on, resolutions each year
supporting this goal. All other nations have voted for these resolutions
with two or three exceptions, including Israel. Last November, for example,
the U.S. abstained in the vote on the resolution to prevent an arms race in
space along with Israel.
Control of Space Means Control of Earth
The Pentagon's policies of global military dominance is its
determination to build space weaponry. Plans for "Star Wars" weaponry in
the form of the proposed ballistic missile defense systems constitute but
one part of the scenario. They want a bigger National Missile
Defense(NMD) system which would include sea-based weapons and, possibly,
space-based weapons, as well. Moving forward with this plan would thrust
the U.S. even more rapidly into the militarization of space.
The "U.S. Space Command" in its "Vision of 2020" document describes its
goal as, "dominating the space dimension of military operations to protect
U.S.
interests and investments". The globalization of the world economy will
also continue, with a widening between " haves" and "have-nots."
Therefore, the U.S. will be "challenged regionally" and needs to dominate
"future battlefields." On the other hand, space is a region with increasing
commercial, civil and international importance. So the militarization
and privatization of space and the coming battle for its full control and
exploitation is a great threat. The Gulf War against Iraq was an
opportunity to test the new space weapons.
This resulted in an urgent call "for anti-satellite weapons that could
knock
out competitors '"eyes and ears. Less than a decade later, the war in
Kosovo
was used to show the world that the goal has been achieved."
Meanwhile, $100 billion so far, has been spent on Star Wars, while people
are told that there's not enough money to adequately fund health care,
childrencare, and other important programs.
The deployment of missile defenses will inevitably lead to a major new
nuclear arms buildup in a world where there are already 36,000 nuclear
warheads
which have yet to be eliminated through arms control agreements.
The US Nuclear Strategy
The United States wants to deploy an expanded anti-ballistic missile (ABM)
system, that it is banned under a U.S.-Soviet treaty signed in 1972. The
American justification for the new system is that it is not directed
against the Russian arsenal, which is too large to stop. Rather, it is
directed against "rogue"
states, like North Korea or Libya, which might acquire a few missiles with
nuclear warheads and launch them against the United States. However these
countries are in no position financially or technically to deploy an
equivalent system, Russia and China has consistently opposed an American
national missile defense. However the US ABM umbrella is targeting Russia
and China . Moreover, they fear that deployment would tilt an already
lopsided balance of power even further in the American direction. Such a
system would likely close off the possibility of limited nuclear exchanges;
the United States, if it chose, could strike a few targets in Russia and
leave Moscow with the choice of doing nothing or initiating total nuclear
war. The most important reason for Russian opposition
is rooted in symbolism. Moscow needs Washington to acknowledge some degree
of equality. The only area in which any sort of equality exists is in the
arena of nuclear weapons. In this sphere the two nations can continue to
negotiate as equals. Putin can' t afford to let that happen. He has
therefore made it consistently clear that he will not renegotiate the ABM
treaty. More important, he has made it clear that if the United States
deploys its system in violation of that treaty, all arms control agreements
will be in jeopardy.
The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Accord
We salute the signing of the Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty (NPT) It is
a major breakthrough on disarmament negotiations the major nuclear powers
have, for the first time, given "an unequivocal undertaking to accomplish
the total elimination of their nuclear arsenals leading to nuclear
disarmament to which
all states parties are committed" The continuing stubborn refusal by the
nuclear powers to fulfill their obligations to abolish nuclear weapons and
the failure of the UN to find means to enforce its Resolutions on abolition
remains the central issue of world peace, whilst these weapons remain the
final threat behind which world compliance with globalization is to be
enforced.
Israel is not a party to the NPT, and thus its nuclear facilities are not
under international safeguards to ensure the facilities are not producing
nuclear weapons. Despite Israel has more than 200 nuclear weapons is the
one of worst-kept secrets of international politics. Since it is the only
nation of the Middle East not in the NPT, the Arab states insisted that
special mention be made of Israel and its nuclear program. The US opposed
singling out Israel for criticism.
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