On Terry Reed, Colby and co. ever read the Doug Valentine book on
Operation Phoenix?
Michael Pugliese
P.S. I think the deCamp story is a money making scheme. How long will y'all
rubes in the Mid-West buy that snake oil?
Course we "rootless cosmopolitans" on the East and west Coasts have plenty
New Age Charlatans about milking the liberals!
From: Ralph McGehee <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Vietnam, 63-73 Pru supervised, controlled and financed by
americans. Vietnam info notes published by state dept says: "the
target for 69 calls For the elimination of 1800 vci a month. Gvn
doc said phoenix killed 40,994. Colby testified before congress
that phoenix resulted in death of 20,587 persons. Frazier, h.
(Ed). (1978). Uncloaking the cia 111, 125
Vietnam, 65-68 U.s./gvn create list active nlf for
assassination. After 68 tet offensive names centralized to
phoenix coordinators. Collect names Tens of thousands nlf
suspects. Milt. Ops such as my lai use phoenix intel. By 73,
phoenix generates 300,000 polit. Prisoners in svn. Counterspy
5/73 22
Vietnam, 65-70 Details re vietnam. From 65-68 u.s. And saigon
intel Services maintained an active list of vc cadre marked for
assassination. Phoenix program for 69 called for "neutralizing"
1800 a month. About one Third of vc targeted for arrest had been
summarily killed. Security Committees established in provincial
interrogation centers to determine Fate of vc suspects, outside
of judicial controls. Green berets and navy Seals most common
recruits for phoenix program. Green beret detachment b-57
Provided admin cover for other intel units. One was project
cherry, tasked To assassinate cambodian officials suspected of
collaborating with nvnese, And kgb. Another was project oak
targeted against svnese suspected Collaborators. They controlled
by special assistant for counterinsurgency And special
activities, which worked with cia outside of general abrams
Control. Stein. J. (1992). A murder in wartime 360-1
Vietnam, 66-73 Phoenix op from 1/68 thru 5/71, cords reported
20,857 vci Killed. Gvt of vn reported 40,994 from 8/68 thru mid
71. Per cord Statistics 12.4% deaths could be attributed to
phoenix ops. Kenneth osborn Of program said phoenix became a
depersonalized murder program. A dept of Defense analyst thayer,
found that 616 suspected vci targeted by phoenix From 1/70 thru
3/71 were killed by phoenix forces. After war nvnese foreign
Minister nguyen co thach said cia's assassination program
slaughtered far More than the 21,000 officially listed by the u.
s. In some parts of south 95% of communist cadre assassinated or
compromised by phoenix. Manning, r., (Ed), (1988). War in the
shadows: the vietnam experience 72
Vietnam, 68-72 Under phoenix "security committees" in
provincial "Interrogation centers" would determine fate suspected
nlf. Counterspy Spring/summer 78 8
Vietnam, 69 Under phoenix in july 69 "vietnam information
notes," a State dept publication said target for 69 elimination
of 1,800 vci per Month. Frazier, h. (Ed). (1978). Uncloaking the
cia 97
Vietnam, 73 According to defense dept official 26,369 south
vietnamese Civilians killed under phoenix while op under direct
u.s. Control (jan 68 Thru aug 72 ). By same source, another 33,
358 detained without trial. Colby in 73 Admitted 20,587 deaths
thru end 71 , 28,978 captured, and 17,717 "rallied" to saigon
gvt. Thus approx 30% targeted individuals Killed. All phoenix
stats fail to reflect u.s. Activity after "official" U.s. Control
of op abandoned. Counterspy spring/summer 75 8
Vietnam, 75 Counter-spy magazine describes phoenix program as
"the most Indiscriminate and massive program of political murder
since the nazi death Camps of world war two." counterspy
spring/summer 75 6
Vietnam. Phoenix program to neutralize vci (tax collectors,
supply Officers, political cadre, local military officials, etc).
Plan to send pru Or police teams to get in practice, death the
frequent result of such ops, Some times through assassinations
pure and simple. Powers, t. (1979). The Man who kept the secrets
181
Vietnam. Phoenix program took over 20,000 lives, 65-72 U.s.
Congress, Church committee report. (1976) b 1 27
Vietnam, july 71 Colby inserted chart to representative reid
showing That some 67,282 persons had been neutralized by phoenix
ops against vc Between 68-71 Of these 31 percent had been
killed, 26% rallied, and 43% Captured or sentenced. Frazier, h.
(Ed). (1978). Uncloaking the cia 18
Vietnam, 67-73 The phoenix program used the cia's
assassination squads, The former counter terror teams later
called the provincial reconnaissance Units (pru). Technically
they did not mark cadres for assassinations but in Practice the
pru's anticipated resistance in disputed areas and shot first.
People taken prisoner were denounced in saigon-held areas, picked
up at Checkpoints or captured in combat and later identified as
vc. Sheehan, n. (1988). A bright shining lie 732
Vietnam, phoenix program, late 60 Early 70 Took over 20,000
lives in Vietnam. U.s. Congress, church committee report. (1976)
b 1 27
Vietnam. Phung hoang aka phoenix program quotas for units set by
komer for All 242 districts. One result indiscriminate killing
with every body Labeled vci. Powers, t. (1979). The man who kept
the secrets 181-2
Law professor at university of washington, seattle, roy l.
Prosterman, Designed the land reform program the u.s. Government
promoted in the Philippines, vietnam, and el salvador. In each
place the program was Accompanied by a rural terror. In vietnam
the phoenix program killed 40,000 Civilian between august 68 and
mid-71; in philippines, martial law; in el Salvador, a state of
siege. Covert action information bulletin (now covert Action
quarterly) winter 90 69
Vietnam, 67-70 Phoenix a fiasco, it unmanageable and encouraged
Outrageous abuses. Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix program 323
Vietnam, 75 According to frank snepp's "decent interval" up to
thirty Thousand special police, cia and phoenix related
vietnamese employees were Left behind. Saigon cia station managed
to pull out only 537 of its 1900 Vietnamese including close to
1000 high-level vietnamese who had built Close relationships with
the agency over the years. Covert action Information bulletin
(now covert action quarterly) 6-7/79 4
Vietnam, 65-69 Ci/pacification efforts initiated by french
culminate in Phoenix program designed to eliminate viet cong
infrastructure. Made Official june 68, phoenix was
intensification of ci ops and involved "mass Imprisonment,
torture and assassination." for thorough phoenix description See
counterspy 5/73 20
Vietnam, 66-73 Phoenix program synthesis police and pm
programs. Cia Managing census grievance, rd cadre, counterterror
teams and pics. Military Intel working with mss, arvn intel and
regional and popular forces. Aid Managing chieu hoi and public
safety, including field police. Needed to Bring altogether under
special police. Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix Program 99
Vietnam, 66 Beginning of phoenix program. Lv 218. Phoenix to
increase Identification vc infrastructure and passing info to
military, police, and Other elements who were to induce
defections, capture them, or attack them In their strongholds.
Colby, w. (1989). Lost victory 266
Vietnam, 67-73 In 67 cia proposed all u.s. Intel agencies pool
info on Vc at district, province and saigon levels for
exploitation. Program first Called intel coor and exploitation
program (icex). Phoenix the name of Program. Assigned quotas for
vc to be neutralized. To focus police and Intel orgs. Against
communist apparatus. Blaufarb, d.s. (1977). The Counterinsurgency
era 243-8
Vietnam, 67-73 District intel ops coor center (diooc). Dien ban
center a Model for all of phoenix. Bldg 10' x 40'. Manned by two
u.s. Soldiers, 2 Census grievance, one rd cadre, and one special
branch. Diooc intel Clearinghouse to review, collate, and
disseminate info. Immediate local Reaction. Americans kept files
of sources, vci and order battle. Reaction Forces 100 police, 1
pru unit, guides from census grievance. Marines Screened civilian
detainees using informants and diooc's blacklist. Valentine, d.
(1990). The phoenix program 126
Vietnam, 67 12/20/67 prime minister signed directive 89-th.
T/vp/m Legalizing phung hoang, vn clone of phoenix. Valentine, d.
(1990). The Phoenix program 148
Vietnam, 68 Phoenix ci/terror program was established by
thieu's Presidential decree, literally written by cia man william
colby. Decree and Future authorizations indicated that suspects
could be arrested without a Warrant or copy of charges and
detained on basis of police dossier heresay Evidence. Once
arrested, suspect could not confront accusers or see Dossier, was
denied bail legal counsel, and was denied a trial or even a
Hearing. At best one's case was reviewed by province security
committee Composed of milt and intel officers. Under phoenix all
rights of due Process stripped. Counterspy winter 78 28
Vietnam, 68 Phoenix program statistics were phony a bust and a
fake. Deforest, o., & chanoff, d. (1990). Slow burn 54-55
Vietnam, 69 Program of 69 campaign called for elimination of
vci. Program Became known as phung hoang or phoenix. In each
province the chief Established a province security committee
(psc). Psc controlled the npff And sp who maintained province
interrogation centers (pics). Counterspy 5/73 20
Vietnam, 71 Cia had no intention handling over attack on vci to
national Police command. Cia advisers to special police advised
to begin forming Special intel force units (sifu). 8-man teams
composed of 4 volunteers each From special police and field
police. Sifu targeted at high-level vci, as Substitutes for pru.
They sign cia planned manage attack on vci thru sb, While keeping
phoenix intact as a way of deflecting attention. Valentine, D.
(1990). The phoenix program 391
Vietnam, 71 In revising phoenix program (because of all
communist Penetrations in gvt) first steps to hire southeast asia
computer associates (Managed by a cia officer) to advise 200-odd
vnese techs to take over macv And cords computers. Vnese were
folded into big mack and phung hoang Management info system
(phmis). Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix program 363
Vietnam, 72 In report on phoenix effectiveness in 9/72 phung
hoang Crossed out and anti-terrorist inserted. The end of
phoenix? Some phoenix Ops in 73 Valentine, d. (1990). The
phoenix program 403, 406
Vietnam, 75 U.s. Still involved in phoenix in 75. Program
renamed special Police investigative service (spis). U.s.
Provides data processing Facilities for spis thru, computer
science services, inc. Which runs intel Thru machines to classify
and collate them and then turns info over to Spis. Valentine, d.
(1990). The phoenix program 415
Vietnam. Phoenix program, resources control program, checkpoints,
Identification card program, paramilitary police called the
police field Force a 100 man mobile company at least one assigned
to each province. Aid Helped upgrade police and developed
national police academy, improved Communications and files,
established one two-way radio in every village. Chieu hoi
program. Refugee generation programs. Province coordinating
Committees supervised civic action on bridges, roads, public
buildings, Agricultural extension work, medical technicians and
more. Blaufarb, d.s. (1977). The counterinsurgency era 217-8
Vietnam, 67-73 The phoenix program used the cia's assassination
squads, The former counter terror teams later called the
provincial reconnaissance Units (pru). Technically they did not
mark cadres for assassinations but in Practice the pru's
anticipated resistance in disputed areas and shot first. People
taken prisoner were denounced in saigon-held areas, picked up at
Checkpoints or captured in combat and later identified as vc.
Sheehan, n. (1988). A bright shining lie 732
Vietnam, police. Public safety included michigan state university
program. Resources control, effort to regulate movement resources
both human and Material. Includes set up checkpoints roads and
waterways, mobile Checkpoints. Resulted in 560,000 arrests by
1969. National identity Registration program. Every vnese 15 or
older must register and carry Identification card. Fingerprints
obtained. Once completed program to Include fingerprints, photos
and bio data. Surveillance of suspects role of Special police
branch. Sp agents penetrate subversive organizations and use
Intel collection, political data and files from census data to
separate Good from bad. Pacification or phoenix program.
Systematic effort at intel Collection and exploitation. All intel
services and america's cia and Military intel orgs. Pool data
from informers and prisoners. With this info Police and
provincial reconnaissance units make raids in contested areas to
Seize or eliminate vci agents. See klare, m.t. (1972). War
without end 265 For more
Vietnam, 70-73 In the book, war in the shadows, pike outlines
the spy Networks of the vietnamese communists -- his coverage of
counterespionage Operations where mcgehee had a direct role are
generally accurate and Detailed. Communists penetrated thieu gvt
at every level and a cia study Written by the courageous intel
analyst who fought cia at every step, sam Adams, said the
communists had 30,000 spies in thieu's gvt with a target of 50,
000 in a few years. The chapters, "dawn of the war," and
"operation Phoenix," are also detailed. Ciabase includes much
information from the war In the shadows. Ciabase update 1/95
Vietnam, 66-71 Phoenix op designed to help u.s. Military reach
crossover Point, where dead and wounded exceeded vc's ability to
field replacements. In 4/67 pres johnson announced formation of
civil ops and revolutionary Development support (cords) for
pacification. R. Komer as deputy commander Of macv-cords. Cords
budget about $4 billion from 68-71. Cords the Management
structure for pacification programs. Personnel both military and
Civilian. By 71, 3000 servicemen, advisers to arvn, placed under
cords. 1200 civilians by 71. Usaid responsible for material aid.
State and usia Also provided personnel. But cia played the
crucial role. Cords reinstated Civic action teams under name
revolutionary development cadre. Rd program Formed teams of 59
svnese, divided into 3 11-man security squads and 25 Civic action
cadres. Teams to spend 6 months in a village to fulfill "Eleven
criteria and 98 works for pacification." 1. Annihilation of ...
cadre; 2. Annihilation of wicked village dignitaries; etc. System
placed 40,000 two-way radios in villages. Land reform failed.
(Photos of phoenix Propaganda material). Teams helped create
regional and popular forces (Rf/pfs). Ruff-puffs, suffered high
casualties. They represented half of Svn gvt forces, they had 55-
66% of casualties. They inflicted 30% of Communist casualties.
Underground pm effort called phoenix which included a "Census
grievance," stay-behind. He actually a spy. All info fed into
intel Coordination and exploitation program. Vnese at komer's
request set up Staff that with cia was responsible for
coordinating intel reports on vc Infrastructure. Info from census
grievance, military, police reports. Pm Units - including cia's
provincial reconnaissance units and ruff-puffs. Arrestees - those
not killed when captured - taken to provincial Interrogation
centers (pic). Also regional prisons and a national center All
financed by cia. Problems of coordination and jealousy. Numerical
Quotas created saying how many vci to be eliminated each month.
Torture Used in questioning. Manning, r., (ed), (1988). War in
the shadows: the Vietnam experience 55-65
Vietnam, 71 William e. Colby on july 19, 1971, before senate
subcommittee Testified cia op phoenix had killed 21,587
vietnamese citizens between 1/68 And 5/71. In response to a
question from mr. Reid "do you state Categorically that phoenix
has never perpetrated the premeditated killing Of a civilian in a
non-combat situation?" colby replied: "no, I could not Say that..
.i certainly would not say never." counterspy 12/78 6
Vietnam, 67 First macv alloted phoenix 126 officers and ncos.
By end 67 One nco assigned to each of 103 dioccs then in
existence. All military Officers and enlisted men assigned to
phoenix program took orders from cia. Valentine, d. (1990). The
phoenix program 145
Vietnam, 68-73 Phoenix ci/terror op funded and covered by u.s.
Aid, Cords pacification survey, public employment projects, and
other benign Agencies. Counterspy may 73 22
Vietnam, 71 1.7 billion dollars go to cords in phoenix
project. Colby Refuses congressional audit phoenix funds before
committee. Counterspy 5/73 24
Vietnam, 71 When questioned concerning unaccounted-for 1.7
billion Dollars which had financed much of covert aspect of
phoenix program, Ambassador colby assured house subcommittee on
foreign ops and govt info, All main problems has been resolved
and congress could rest assured Aberrations of brutality would
remain at a minimum. He did not know how Many innocent victims
the program had killed, maybe 5,000, maybe more. He Did not have
authority to discuss reasons why congress could not audit 1.7
Billions worth of taxpayers funds which went to cords. Counterspy
5/73 24
Vietnam, 69 Colby rendered due process obsolete. Vci target
broken into Three classes a, for leaders and party members; b,
for holders of Responsible jobs; c, for rank-and file. Decision c
category to be ignored Since phoenix directed at vci command and
control structure. Hamlet Evaluation system (hes) explained. Hes
guesstimate of vci in 1/69 was 75,000. Valentine, d. (1990). The
phoenix program 260
Vietnam, 68-73 Cos shackley had orders to close down most
paramilitary And pacification programs - phoenix, census
grievance, etc. Supposedly dci Helms hoped to pass most such
activity to pentagon and colby's cords. Paramilitary and
political programs claimed roughly 75% of cia's budget; Intel
received rest - but primary target for intel budget was thieu
regime - enemy came second. No good intel on vc. Cia involved in
vn for 20 years, Yet it never approached vn in a true intel
fashion. George allen, ddi Specialist on vn in 60 while on trip
to vn found that not one cia officer Was more than marginally
interested in burgeoning insurgency. Jack horgan, Region v in
delta in 66-67, said there no real intel ops. Cia interrogation
Center "beat the shit out of people. No captives admitted being
vc. Daren Flitcroft, roic region iii, said "half the time we
don't have any idea Whats going on." corn, d. (1994). Blond
ghost: ted shackley and the cia's Crusades 183-4
Vietnam, 71 House subcommittee on foreign operations and gvt.
Info. Investigates phoenix. Colby insists project "respectable",
brutality Minimized. Estimates 5000 killed. Congress denied audit
of phoenix funds. Counterspy may 73 24
Vietnam, 67-73 Cia developed phoenix program in 67 to
neutralize: kill, Capture or make defect vci. Vci means civilians
suspected of supporting Communists. Targeted civilians not
soldiers. Phoenix also called phung Hoang by vnese. Due process
totally nonexistent. Svnese who appeared on Black lists could be
tortured, detained for 2 years without trial or Killed.
Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix program 13
Vietnam, 68 Phoenix ci/terror program established by thieu's
Presidential decree, literally written by cia man william colby.
Decree and Future authorizations indicated that suspects could be
arrested without a Warrant or copy of charges and detained on
basis of police dossier heresay Evidence. Once arrested, suspect
could not confront accusers or see Dossier, was denied bail legal
counsel, and was denied a trial or even a Hearing. At best one's
case was reviewed by province security committee Composed of milt
and intel officers. Under phoenix all rights of due Process
stripped. Counterspy winter 78 28
Vietnam, 62-73 First approach by cia for australian involvement
in vn war Made by cia. In may 62, canberra announced that 30
military instructors to Be sent vn. This the australian army
training team vietnam (aattv), an Elite unit of officers and ncos
which at peak numbered 200. Some worked Directly with cia. Cover
was nebulous combined studies division. They led Team of
guerrillas, often montagnard mercenaries, on missions of
sabotage, Terror and assassination. They crossed illegally into
cambodia, north vn And laos, often wearing uniform of enemy. Some
with phoenix op toohey, b., & pinwill, w. (1990). Oyster: the
story of the australian secret Intelligence service 87
Vietnam, 66-73 Phoenix program synthesis police and pm
programs. Cia Managing census grievance, rd cadre, counterterror
teams and pics. Military Intel working with mss, arvn intel and
regional and popular forces. Aid Managing chieu hoi and public
safety, including field police. Needed to Bring altogether under
special police. Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix Program 99
Caib 13:3, 16-17:6-10; 17:48-49; 22:2,4,6,10-24; "from phoenix
associates To civilian-military assistance," 22:18-19; "from the
hessians to the Contras: mercenaries in the service of
imperialism," 22:10-11 Covert action information bulletin (now
covert action quarterly).
89 An article by rob rosenbaum from interviews with general
secord and Ted "blond ghost" shackley. They give their answers to
questions about Iran-contra, secret war in laos, phoenix program
in vietnam, cia-mafia Plots of the sixties. Shackley discusses
charges of opium smuggling in laos By elements supported by cia.
Photos of secord and shackley. Shackley Interview in his risk-
assessment consulting firm, rosslyn-based research Associates
international. Vanity fair, 1/90 72-77, 126-8,130-1
John singlaub was an officer in oss during wwii. He was cia
deputy chief in South korea during korean war. He served for two
years in vietnam as Commander of a joint unconventional warfare
task force, (macsog) and was Part of the phoenix op. In 78, as
chief of staff of u.n. Command in south Korea, he condemned
decision of carter to reduce number of u.s. Troops and Was forced
to retire. In 84, he headed a pentagon panel whose report urged
U.s. To emphasize nonconventional, ci warfare. Under reagan adm,
singlaub Was involved with nsc aide oliver north. Singlaub
founded the u.s. Council For world freedom, u.s. Branch of the
world anti-communist league (wacl), Until organization closed its
doors in 89. Singlaub was head of wacl, and Graham is its vice-
chairman. Graham and singlaub have also been involved With, a
project of the american security council. He has served on board
of Western goals, and western goals in the united kingdom.
Singlaub is an Adviser to the council for inter-american security
(cis). Singlaub set up The institute for regional and
international studies (iris), a private Training organization for
salvadoran police forces and the nicaraguan Contras. Singlaub
served on boards of council for national policy; refugee Relief
international, a subsidiary of soldier of fortune; committee for
a Free afghanistan; and was an adviser to the council for inter-
american Security that developed the "santa fe document", which
was influential in Setting u.s. Central american policy during
first years of reagan adm. Resource center groupwatch project
Vietnam 68-73 Evan parker, jr., john mason, and john tilton all
from cia Were men who headed phoenix program when it supposedly
transferred to Military and cords. Roger mccarthy said cia very
much involved with Phoenix. Corn, d. (1994). Blond ghost: ted
shackley and the cia's crusades 193
Vietnam. John murray, of whd, and his wife delores, former cia
ops officer, Sending letters of disclosures re shackley. He
covertly contacted william Miller, staff director of church
committee, and told how shackley and helms In 70 arranged to keep
cia from being implicated in my lai massacres. (Some Evidence
suggested massacre related to cia's phoenix program.) corn, d.
(1994). Blond ghost: ted shackley and the cia's crusades 302
Vietnam, 67 50 officers and enlisted men invited to join
counter Insurgency program. Those who accepted by cia joined as
junior officer Trainees. Most assigned to provinces as rdc/p or
rdc/o advisers and many as Phoenix coordinators. Valentine, d.
(1990). The phoenix program 198
Vietnam, 68-69 Robert k. Brown (later editor of soldier of
fortune Magazine) worked with james k. Damron, cia's project
coordinator for the Phoenix program in gia dinh province. Pigeon,
r. (1986). The soldier of Fortune 44
Vietnam, orrin deforest, with u.s. Air force special
investigations early On. Joined cia in 68 as chief interrogator
hau nghia province in bien hoa Under cover of office of special
assistance (osa). Duties included Inspection of pics, training
vnese in interrogation. Monitoring intel Production. He
discovered pics poorly run, phoenix program slipshod, and Cia had
been unable generate single agent. Using methods learned while
Working with japanese national police in identifying, communist
agents, Disregarding cia methods, deforest's efforts produced 80%
hard intel in vn. Minnick, w. (1992). Spies and provacateurs 50-1
Training, 55 Eisenhower establishes public safety program
whose goal is To train foreign police units in, among other
things, counterinsurgency. 62 Program becomes office of public
safety which eventually procures 400 Officers in 45 countries and
yearly budget 50 million. Much of phoenix Funding and training
was thru office of public safety. By 75 Ops had Distributed 200
million in equipment foreign police, trained 7000+ senior Police
officials, and trained over 1 million rank and file police
officers Worldwide. Counterspy winter 78 29-30
Vietnam, 66-73 Phoenix program synthesis police and pm
programs. Cia Managing census grievance, rd cadre, counterterror
teams and pics. Military Intel working with mss, arvn intel and
regional and popular forces. Aid Managing chieu hoi and public
safety, including field police. Needed to Bring altogether under
special police. Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix Program 99
Vietnam, 75 Counter-spy magazine describes phoenix program as
"the most Indiscriminate and massive program of political murder
since the nazi death Camps of world war two." counterspy
spring/summer 75 6
Vietnam. Former phoenix advisor wayne cooper said "operation
phoenix was a Unilateral american program", and klare confirmed
by saying "although most Of the dirty work was performed by
indigenous operatives, phoenix was Designed, organized, financed,
and administered by u.s. Authorities." Counterspy winter 78 27
Green berets, 67 Took part in capture and execution che
guevera in Bolivia. In sea special forces sent on missions into
north vietnam, laos And cambodia to collect intel. They also
conducted assassinations as part Of op phoenix. In 80 Green
berets based in west germany entered teheran Posing as
businessmen to collect intel for rescue mission. See ic 72 re
Forces strengths
Vietnam, 59-69 The seals and the phoenix program. The intel
coordination And exploitation program (icex) was a joint mac-
v/cia op - forerunner of Phoenix. Seals helped train vnese
personnel. Seals assigned ops Detachments. Seals worked with
prus. By 68, with prisoner snatches, Ambushes, and increasing vc
defections, icex program neutralizing 800 vci Every month.
Phoenix began 7/1/68. Description of the province intel ops
Coordinating center (piocc) and the district (diocc). Combatting
vci in Urban areas responsibility of national police force and
police field force. Seals taught prus in mekong delta.
Description of prus. They the most Effective native troops. By
end of 68, the iv corps prus were almost Entirely advised by seal
personnel. Seal advisors accompanied prus on Average of 15
missions a month. Description of ops. Dockery, k. (1991). Seals
in action 167-176
Vietnam, 65-72 During nixon's first 2 1/2 years, state
department Officially admits that the cia-run phoenix program
murdered or abducted 35,708 vnese civilians, 4,836 more than the
pentagon claimed the nlf had Assassinated or kidnapped during the
same period, and a monthly increase Over the 200 killed by the
cia every month under johnson. Senator gravel Edition, (1971).
Pentagon papers v 300
Vietnam, 65-73 Phoenix program torture tactics include rape,
electric Shock, water torture, hanging from ceiling, beatings,
incarceration and Execution. Counterspy 5/73 16
Vietnam, 69-71 K. Barton osborn, phoenix agent, testified to
congress "i Never knew an individual to be detained as a vc
suspect who ever lived Through an interrogation in a year and a
half. Uc 114. Note says this Testimony given before u.s.
Congress, hearings of house committee on gvt Op, july/august 71.
U.s. Assistance programs vn. 315-321
Vietnam, 73 "The prime difference between the types of
intelligence Provided to the military units and the phoenix
coordinator was that all Information going to phoenix was of a
political nature ... I was following Through on a reported (vc)
suspect that one of my agents had identified. The man was
interrogated at the marine counter-intelligence complex and I Was
invited to witness it. As I entered the hooch the man was being
taken Out, dead. He died from a six inch dowel pushed through his
ear and into His brain." barton osborn, former phoenix case
officer before armed Services committee, 1973. Counterspy
spring/summer 75 7
Vietnam. Colby supervised est of pics in each of svn's 44
provinces. Each Center constructed with cia funds. Agency
personnel directed each centers Op much of which consisted of
torture carried out by vn nationals. Coi 207. Colby admitted
serious abuses committed under phoenix. Former intel Officers
came before congressional cmttees to describe repeated examples
Torture. Marchetti, v., & marks, j.d. (1974). The cia and the
cult of Intelligence 207 see fn
Vietnam. For accounts u.s. War crimes in vietnam, some of which
under cia Op phoenix, see counterspy 12/76 55-62
Vietnam. Census grievance program - every week in every province,
cia Officers would give huge bundles of cash to vnese employees
who ostensibly Would travel to outlying villages to pay
individuals who supposedly Received intel under guise of
listening to peasants' grievances. Results Nearly worthless, as
were those of a similar infiltration of the rural Development
program. Phoenix program. Cia officers played the numbers game
And punched their "tickets" and thousands of vnese pocketed the
money. Codevilla, a. (1992). Informing statecraft: intelligence
for a new century 92
Vietnam, 65-72 During nixon's first 2 1/2 years, state
department Officially admits that the cia-run phoenix program
murdered or abducted 35,708 vnese civilians, 4,836 more than the
pentagon claimed the nlf had Assassinated or kidnapped during the
same period, and a monthly increase Over the 200 killed by the
cia every month under johnson. Senator gravel Edition, (1971).
Pentagon papers v 300
Vietnam, 94 Vn rejects visit of ex-cia chief colby, now a
washington Lawyer, who had planned to visit as a director of a u.
.s.-based investment Fund. Fund directors had planned to hold a
reception monday. Event Canceled, and directors will meet in
bangkok. Colby was cia's chief in Saigon during war and was
associated with phoenix, an op to root out rural Support for
communist guerrillas via sweeping arrests, torture and Execution
of suspects. Critics said most of those killed were innocent
Peasants. Chicago tribune 12/3/94 21
Vietnam, accelerated pacification campaign, july 68 Thieu with
colby's Help issued decree est phoenix committees at national,
regional and Provincial and even district level, "to which all
the agencies involved had To furnish representation." colby, w.
(1978). Honorable men 267
Vietnam, australia, vietnam, 62-73 Australian aattv teams
operated in vn Often in cia phoenix op. `Black team' commanded by
american of australian Usually given target figure. He pinpointed
and black team would go out, Usually dressed in enemy's gear and
the assassination then blamed on vc. Toohey, b., & pinwill, w.
(1990). Oyster: the story of the australian Secret intelligence
service 87-88
Vietnam, cords, phoenix, revolutionary dev. Etc, see blaufarb, d.
s. (1977). The counterinsurgency era 243, 278
Vietnam, icex intel coor and exploitation macv/cia program to
work on vci With vietnamese cooperation. Colby helped devise
program which became Phoenix. Colby, w. (1978). Honorable men 267
Vietnam, in 68 Symbol ci/terror op "royal phoenix". Conveys
message "Saigon gvt. All present." project instills fear/hatred
saigon gvt. Counterspy may 73 21
Vietnam, kurd syndrome, 75 State dept refugee task force
estimates 50,000 "high risk" vietnamese to be evacuated to u.s.
Some of these Certainly involved in brutal phoenix ops. Must
leave or face revenge. Aid Source estimates 5000 refugees have
former phoenix involvement. "Kurd Syndrome" in reverse.
Counterspy spring/summer 75 6-9
Vietnam, national security study memo, 67-69 Said although
phoenix Launched in dec 67, vietnamese cooperation minimal and
only after american Prodding, thieu issued a decree in july 68
directing network to be set up. Program forced on vnese. Pru
supervised, controlled and financed by Americans. Frazier, h.
(Ed). (1978). Uncloaking the cia 111-125
Vietnam, op "phoenix." (studio h&s, kronenstrasse 10, 108 berlin,
ddr). A 35mm film of 66 minutes on the phoenix program. Extensive
interview with k. Barton osborn, former member of amer mil intel
and former viet. Pol gen Loan. 108 page scenario with still
photos is available. Parapolitics x 80 P2
Vietnam, phoenix program most notorious of counterinsurgency
programs. Originated by robert w. Komer, who now headed civilian
operations Revolutionary development staff (cords), phoenix
designed to root out Secret vietcong infrastructure in south
vietnam. Miller, n. (1989). Spying For america 379
Vietnam, phoenix, 68-70 In 69 cia apparently had attack
squeamishness and Pulled out of cords. Concluded phoenix
inappropriate. It believed north had Moved away from military
engagement to lacing entire gvt with spies -- Possibly as many as
30,000 so thieu's gvt could be easily overthrown. Baritz, l.
(1985). Backfire 269
Vietnam, phoenix, 68-73 Designed to eliminate vci. Detailed
description. Frazier, h. (Ed). (1978). Uncloaking the cia 11-125
Vietnam, phoenix op brief and broad description phoenix op.
Freemantle, b. (1983). Cia 120-1
Vietnam, phoenix op. Every person who ran program from saigon
assigned to Program from cia. Colby and 20,000 + figure of
persons killed under Phoenix, see fn ag 440. Phoenix general
ranelagh, j. (1986). The agency 436-441
Vietnam, phoenix program, 68-72 Colby, w. (1978). Honorable
men 266-288
Vietnam, phoenix program, beginning circa 66-67 Cords
pacification Program. Komer settled on massive intel program on
vc who could be Neutralized by svn forces. First called icex.
Name changed to phoenix in 69 With svn version phung hoang. Had
interrogation centers in each of svns 235 Districts and 44
provinces, card files and computerized indexes. Pru's of 50 to
100 men. In phoenix cia provided weapons, paid for saigon
computer Files, funded and trained pru's and passed intel to
phoenix. Colby told Senate phoenix killed 20,587 vci. When
questions arose re legality colby Retreated and said 87% killed
in regular military actions. Two army lts. Told federal judge
they order to maintain kill quota 50 vci a month. Prados, j.
(1986). Presidents' secret wars 307-310
Vietnam, phoenix program evaluation. Robert komer wrote phung
hoang has Been a small, poorly managed, and largely ineffective
effort. Clearly Phoenix failed to eliminate the infrastructure
that remained after heavy Losses of tet. Ce 274-8. Colby
continued to see phoenix as contributing Usefully to attack on
vc. Blaufarb, d.s. (1977). The counterinsurgency era Notes 328
Vietnam, phoenix program, july 69 "Vietnam information notes"
a state Dept publication says: target for 1969 calls for
elimination of 1,800 vci Per month. Frazier, h. (Ed). (1978).
Uncloaking the cia 97
Vietnam, phoenix program. Part of total pacification program of
gvt vn. Colby testified that in over two and a half years there
were 29,000 Captured, 17,000 defected and 20,500 killed, of which
87% were killed by Regular and paramilitary forces and 12% by
police and similar elements. Vast majority killed in military
combat, fire fights, or ambushes, and most Of remainder were
killed in police actions attempting to capture them. Major stress
to encourage capture. Borosage, r.l., & marks, j. (Eds.). (1976).
The cia file 190
Vietnam, phoenix program. Covert action information bulletin (now
covert Action quarterly) 13:53; 17:52; 22:15; 25:52
Vietnam, phoenix program. Blum, w. (1986). The cia a forgotten
history 144-145
Vietnam, phoenix program. White, r.a. (1984). The morass
beginning Stockwell, j. (1991). The praetorian guard 40
Vietnam, phoenix program. Quotas and indiscriminate killing of
people. Cia Conceived and organized program and regional and
provincial officers in Charge were all cia. Colby actually wrote
phoenix directive which thieu was Finally pressured into adopting
july 68 Colby conceded phoenix recorded Deaths of 20,587.
Powers, t. (1979). The man who kept the secrets 181-2
Vietnam, phoenix program, 67-75 Targets members vci. 637
military intel Advisers assigned to phoenix. Much money given to
vnese police to expand Detention facilities. Phoenix org: first
the district co - ordination Center, diocc, that maintained
dossiers on suspected vc. Once enough Evidence person placed on
police green list. Suspect then jailed without Right to civilian
trail. In cordon and search ops all villagers lined up And walk
past police checkpoint. Next level province interrogation center,
Pic, staffed by svnese, americans and cia. After interrogation,
suspect Passed on to province security committee, comprised of
police chiefs, Military and police intel and advisors. Finally
suspects could be Imprisoned under law for 2 years. This one way
to neutralize. Other way via Provincial reconnaissance units,
pru's, who would kidnap or assassinate Agents targeted by diocc.
Had american advisors from seals, green berets. Official amnesty
program called chieu hoi used to convince vc to surrender. Vc
categorized as a,b, or c. A were key members, c least impt.
National Police detention center processed 180,000 a year.
American money and effort Went into national identification card,
id, project. All vietnamese over Age 15 jailed if did not carry a
card a rand computer tracked the 15 Million suspects also cross-
linked to 10 million dossiers and fingerprints. "The dossier"
issue 6, 11/83 14-5
Vietnam, phung hoang aka phoenix program quotas for units set by
komer for All 242 districts. One result indiscriminate killing
with every body Labeled vci. Powers, t. (1979). The man who kept
the secrets 181-2
Vietnam, see "operation phoenix and the failure of pacification
in south Vietnam," liberation 17 (5/73) 21-7
Vietnam, 66-73 Phoenix program synthesis police and pm
programs. Cia man Managing census grievance, rd cadre,
counterterror teams and pics. Military Intel working with mss,
arvn intel and regional and popular forces. Aid Managing chieu
hoi and public safety, including field police. Needed to Bring
altogether under special police. Valentine, d. (1990). The
phoenix Program 99
Vietnam, 67-70 Robert komer after he left cords found that
phoenix was a "Poorly managed and largely ineffective program."
gibson, j.w. (1986). The Perfect war 299-302
Vietnam, 67-73 Cia developed phoenix program in 67 to
neutralize: kill, Capture or make defect vci. Vci means civilians
suspected of supporting Communists. Targeted civilians not
soldiers. Phoenix also called phung Hoang by vnese. Due process
totally nonexistent. Svnese who appeared on Black lists could be
tortured, detained for 2 years without trial or Killed.
Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix program 13
Vietnam, 68-72 Nlf according to nixon adm decimated during tet
offensive, Remainder by phoenix program. Nvese officer reported
phoenix resulted in Loss of thousands of our cadres. Proof in 2
remaining offensives. In 72 And in 75 They did not rely on
guerrillas. Baritz, l. (1985). Backfire 273
Vietnam, 68 Phoenix program quota of 1800 neutralizations per
month. Viet Cong infrastructure system (vciis) fed 3000 names vci
into computer at Combined intel center political order battle
section. Beginning of Computerized blacklist. In saigon dia, fbi
and cia used computers. Until 70 Computerized blacklist a
unilateral american op. Valentine, d. (1990). The Phoenix program
259
Vietnam, 69-70 By 69 census grievance out of business. Rd and
territorial Security were merged and gvn took over the pru
program. In dec 68 macv Notified depcords william colby of its
intention to assume responsibility For intel on vci. By 6/69
transfer of phoenix from cia to macv-j-2 Complete. Valentine, d.
(1990). The phoenix program 277
Vietnam, 71 Gen khiem changed his mind and said phung hoang
(phoenix) Centers and committees will be retained. In dec 71 cia
got its way in Continuing phoenix. "As action transferred to
special branch, the advisory Role should be taken over by special
branch advisor, the cia man." tpp 392-3. Phoenix ops in 72
Varied from region to region. Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix
program 395 Vietnam, 65-68 U.s./gvn create list active nlf for
assassination. After 68 tet offensive names centralized to
phoenix coordinators. Collect names Tens of thousands nlf
suspects. Milt. Ops such as my lai use phoenix intel. By 73,
phoenix generates 300,000 polit. Prisoners in svn. Counterspy may
73 22
Vietnam, 65-70 Details re vietnam. From 65-68 u.s. And saigon
intel Services maintained an active list of vc cadre marked for
assassination. Phoenix program for 69 called for "neutralizing"
1800 a month. About one Third of vc targeted for arrest had been
summarily killed. Security Committees established in provincial
interrogation centers to determine Fate of vc suspects, outside
of judicial controls. Green berets and navy Seals most common
recruits for phoenix program. Green beret detachment b-57
Provided admin cover for other intel units. One was project
cherry, tasked To assassinate cambodian officials suspected of
collaborating with nvnese, Kgb. Another was project oak targeted
against svnese suspected Collaborators. They controlled by
special assistant for counterinsurgency And special activities,
which worked with cia outside of general abrams Control. Stein.
J. (1992). A murder in wartime 360-1
Vietnam, 67-73 Cia developed phoenix program in 67 to
neutralize: kill, Capture or make defect vci. Vci means civilians
suspected of supporting Communists. Targeted civilians not
soldiers. Phoenix also called phung Hoang by vnese. Due process
totally nonexistent. Svnese who appeared on Black lists could be
tortured, detained for 2 years without trial or Killed.
Valentine, d. (1990). The phoenix program 13
Vietnam, 67-73 District intel ops coor center (diooc). Dien ban
center a Model for all of phoenix. Bldg 10' x 40'. Manned by two
u.s. Soldiers, 2 Census grievance, one rd cadre, and one special
branch. Diooc intel Clearinghouse to review, collate, and
disseminate info. Immediate local Reaction. Americans kept files
of sources, vci and order battle. Reaction Forces 100 police, 1
pru unit, guides from census grievance. Marines Screened civilian
detainees using informants and diooc's blacklist. Valentine, d.
(1990). The phoenix program 126
Vietnam, 68 Phoenix program quota of 1800 neutralizations per
month. Viet Cong infrastructure system (vciis) fed 3000 names vci
into computer at Combined intel center political order battle
section. Beginning of Computerized blacklist. In saigon dia, fbi
and cia used computers. Until 70 Computerized blacklist a
unilateral american op. Valentine, d. (1990). The Phoenix program
259
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