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From: "Alex Constantine" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To: "Lloyd" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Cc: "Kris" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: No Budget "Surplus"
Date: Wednesday, October 11, 2000 5:18 AM

 Wahington Post

Beyond Surpluses, CBO Finds Grim Budget Picture

By Glenn Kessler
Washington Post Staff Writer
Saturday, October 7, 2000; Page A02

The ever-growing budget surpluses, which earlier this year spurred the
leading presidential candidates to boost their tax cut and spending plans,
have done little to change a grim long-term financial outlook for the United
States, the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office said yesterday.
Even under the most optimistic scenario--in which politicians agree to save
every penny of the surplus and use it to pay off the national debt--the cost
of providing promised health and retirement benefits after the baby boom
generation leaves the workforce will ultimately overwhelm the federal
budget, the CBO concluded.
"If the nation's leaders do not change current policies to eliminate that
imbalance, federal deficits are likely to reappear and eventually drive
federal debt to unsustainable levels," the CBO said. In particular, the
agency said, spending on Medicare, which provides health care for retirees,
and Medicaid, the health program for the poor, will triple in four decades
when measured as a percentage of the nation's economy.
The report underscores how campaign rhetoric has become increasingly
separated from the budget reality that will face the next president.
Lawmakers are piling on billions of dollars in extra spending as they rush
to complete the session, leaving less available for debt reduction. Many
analysts also say projections of nearly $5 trillion in surpluses over the
next decade rest on a number of questionable assumptions, and the actual
amount could be much less.
Indeed, though both the White House and Congress have been quick to claim
credit for balancing the budget, the CBO noted that the sudden turn in the
nation's financial picture was due to other factors. "Most of the
improvement stems from unexpected increases in revenue and
slower-than-anticipated growth in some spending rather than from changes in
policy," the report said.
The question of how to spend the projected bounty dominated the presidential
and vice presidential debates this week. But candidates tangled mostly not
on how to save it but whether it was best to devote a large chunk of the
surplus to tax cuts or additional spending.
"There's enough money to pay seniors today in the current affairs of Social
Security," said Texas Gov. George W. Bush, the Republican nominee, as he
defended his plan to use about $1 trillion of the Social Security surplus to
establish individual retirement accounts. "The trillion comes from the
surplus. Surplus is more money than needed."
Vice President Gore, for his part, declared, "If we can keep our prosperity
going, if we can continue balancing the budget and paying down the debt,
then the strong economy keeps generating surpluses."
Bush also suggested that his plan to cut taxes $1.6 trillion over 10 years
would boost economic growth.
But the CBO report said that "growth alone is unlikely to eliminate
projected long-term imbalances because it may lead to increased spending on
many programs," including Social Security and Medicare. Social Security
benefits, for instance, are tied to a person's earnings history, so better
wages would mean higher benefits.
The CBO considered three scenarios--saving all the surplus, saving only the
Social Security surplus and saving none of the surplus. The middle-ground
solution closely reflects how the candidates present their plans, though
each side says the other busts the budget. But the CBO said that even if the
government took the controversial step of using the surplus to invest in
stocks and bonds after the debt was paid off, rising health care and
retirement costs would push the budget back into deficit in 2027.
Notwithstanding the CBO's warnings, officials from both campaigns seized on
the report yesterday to say it made the case for their own budget plans.
Jason Furman, senior economic adviser to Gore, noted there is "tremendous
uncertainty" in making 70-year forecasts and that the CBO used slightly more
pessimistic assumptions on productivity and health care costs than the
administration.
"But what is clear is that Al Gore and Joe Lieberman devote two-thirds of
the surplus to paying down the debt, which is the best way to prepare for
whatever challenges tomorrow may bring," Furman said. He added that Bush's
tax cut and his plans to use part of the surplus for Social Security and
Medicare reform "would leave America permanently in debt."
Ari Fleischer, a Bush spokesman, said, "It's a real wake-up alarm. Gore is
napping while Governor Bush is reforming. This alarm bell reinforces
everything that Governor Bush has been saying." Fleischer said that the
report makes it clear that "it doesn't matter if you cut taxes or don't cut
taxes, because the reform needs to be made."
Robert Reischauer, a former CBO director who is president of the Urban
Institute, said the report emphasized that the growing cost of health care,
both in government programs and the private sector, will be the primary
challenge of future policymakers.
The "surprising and inexplicable" slowdown in health care costs in recent
years is one of the main factors behind the budget surpluses, he said.
But the report demonstrated that those costs will once again begin to eat up
the budget unless action is taken on every level of the health care system.
"The strong economy and slowdown in health care cost increases moved this
issue off the front burner," Reischauer said. "That won't last long."
� 2000 The Washington Post Company



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