-Caveat Lector- WJPBR Email News List [EMAIL PROTECTED] Peace at any cost is a Prelude to War! The problem with this explosion of growth at the federal level was that it takes money for the system to continue to perpetuate itself. The second blow to the liberties of the American people came in 1913 in the form of one Federal Act and one Amendment to the Constitution. The Act is called the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 and effectively established what is becoming known as the Shadow Government or the American Oligarchy (a government in which a small group exercises control especially for corrupt and selfish purposes). This Act established a central banking system that is regulated only slightly by the government. The effect of this banking system will be immediately apparent by the following example. Alan Greenspan is for the moment the head of the Federal Reserve Bank. He has direct control of every IRA, 401K and the interest rates Americans pay for loans on their homes, credit cards, automobile purchases, etc… Have you ever noticed how when the “Fed” raises interest rates the stock market reacts in the negative thus causing losses in many 401K’s, your local bank raises interest rates, and prices for consumer goods increase in all areas of commerce? This Act is directly responsible for the shifting of the economy of the United States and its money system from the control of the U.S. Congress into the hands of a few powerful bankers in direct contradiction to the Constitution. 1913 also was the year the 16th Amendment was enacted (some say this Amendment was never ratified by the States) giving birth to our income tax and the modern IRS. Senator Richard E. Byrd says this concerning the passage of the 16th Amendment: "It means that the state must give up a legitimate and long-established source of revenue and yield it to the Federal government. It means that the state actually invited the Federal government to invade its territory, to oust its jurisdiction and to establish Federal dominion within the innermost citadel of reserved rights of the Commonwealth. This amendment... will extend the Federal power so as to reach the citizens in the ordinary business of life. A hand from Washington will be stretched out and placed upon every man's business; the eye of a Federal inspector will be in every man's counting house… "When the Federal government gets a stranglehold on the individual businessman, state lines will exist nowhere but on the maps. Its agents will everywhere supervise the commercial life of the states... " The end of 1913 saw the second fear of our 1787 prophet come into being and the eventual disintegration of state independence. “…[T]he legislature of the United States are vested with the great and uncontroulable powers, of laying and collecting taxes, duties, imposts, and excises; of regulating trade, raising and supporting armies, organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, instituting courts, and other general powers… [T]hey may so exercise this power as entirely to annihilate all the state governments, and reduce this country to one single government. And if they may do it, it is pretty certain they will; for it will be found that the power retained by individual states, small as it is, will be a clog upon the wheels of the government of the United States; the latter therefore will be naturally inclined to remove it out of the way. Besides, it is a truth confirmed by the unerring experience of ages, that every man, and every body of men, invested with power, are ever disposed to increase it, and to acquire a superiority over every thing that stands in their way… [T]he authority to lay and collect taxes… is the great mean of protection, security, and defense, in a good government, and the great engine of oppression and tyranny in a bad one” During the debate to ratify the United States Constitution an Anti-Federalist position held that the size of the proposed United States did not lend itself to being ruled by either a true democracy or as a republic. Brutus in his final prophetic concern for the new republic expressed his objections this way: “History furnishes no example of a free republic, any thing like the extent of the United States. The Grecian republics were of small extent; so also was that of the Romans. Both of these, it is true, in process of time, extended their conquests over large territories of country; and the consequence was, that their governments were changed from that of free governments to those of the most tyrannical that ever existed in the world.” “Not only the opinion of the greatest men, and the experience of mankind, are against the idea of an extensive republic, but a variety of reasons may be drawn from the reason and nature of things, against it. In every government, the will of the sovereign is the law. In despotic governments, the supreme authority being lodged in one, his will is law, and can be as easily expressed to a large extensive territory as to a small one.” The foundation was laid to move our Constitutional Republic to a Constitutional dictatorship in 1917. Woodrow Wilson was our President and America was just about to become involved in the war raging in Europe. On October 6, 1917 Congress passed the Trading with the Enemy Act, which has as its stated purpose, “An Act To define, regulate, and punish trading with the enemy, and for other purposes.” As the United States moved closer to being involved in World War 1, it was recognized that there were enemies of the United States, or allies of enemies of the United States, living within the continental borders of our nation in a time of war. Congress passed this act which identified who could be declared enemies of the United States, and the government was given total authority over those enemies to do with as it saw fit as long as they were "other than citizens of the United States." The act specifically excluded citizens of the United States, because it was realized in 1917 that the citizens of the United States were not enemies of the United States. Thus, all citizens were excluded from the war powers in this act and it left all Americans protected by the Constitution. It is critical that we understand what the Trading with the Enemy Act says, to be able to understand what came next. In Section 5 (b) of this act, the President was given unlimited authority to control the commercial transactions of defined enemies, but credits relating solely to transactions executed wholly within the United States were excluded from that controlling authority. As transactions wholly domestic in nature were excluded from this unlimited authority, the government had no extraordinary control over the daily business conducted by the citizens of the United States, because American citizens did not fall under the definition of enemies. In less than 16 years this was to change. March 4, 1933 saw America along with most of the world’s economies in the midst of the Great Depression and Franklin Delano Roosevelt was inaugurated as President of the United States. In his inaugural address, FDR says: “I am prepared under my constitutional duty to recommend the measures that a stricken nation in the midst of a stricken world may require. These measures, or such other measures as the Congress may build out of its experience and wisdom, I shall seek, within my constitutional authority, to bring to speedy adoption. But in the event that the Congress shall fail to take one of these two courses, and in the event that the national emergency is still critical, I shall not evade the clear course of duty that will then confront me. I shall ask the Congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis broad Executive power to wage a war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe.” President Roosevelt was telling all who understood that he was going to ask Congress for the extraordinary authority available to him under the War Powers Act of 1917 we discussed above. On the March 5, 1933, President Roosevelt asked for a special and extraordinary session of Congress in Proclamation 2038. He called for this special session of Congress to meet on March 9, 1933, at noon. And at that meeting of Congress, he presented a bill, an Act, to provide for relief in the existing national emergency in banking and for other purposes. A portion of that bill states: “Be it enacted by the Senate and the House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Congress hereby declares that a serious emergency exists and that it is imperatively necessary speedily to put into effect remedies of uniform national application.” Why would FDR use the words above, especially “necessary”? An attorney will tell you that the rule of “necessity” is a rule of law, which states that “necessity” knows no law. Sound confusing? The “rule of necessity” overrides all other law, and, in fact, allows one to do that which would normally be against the law. The law says, “you shall not kill another human being” but if you are being attacked and are in danger of losing your life you can legally “kill another human being” because you have the absolute right of self-defense and your safety “necessitated” the killing of your attacker. That is the ultimate “rule of necessity”. FDR used the word “necessary” because he knew it allows one to do that which would normally be against the law. So it is reasonable to assume that the wording of the enabling portion of the Act of March 9, 1933, is an indication that what follows is something which will probably be against the law. It will probably be against the Constitution of the United States, or it would not require that the rule of “necessity” be invoked to enact it. *COPYRIGHT NOTICE** In accordance with Title 17 U. S. C. Section 107, any copyrighted work in this message is distributed under fair use without profit or payment to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving the included information for nonprofit research and educational purposes only.[Ref. http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml ] Want to be on our lists? Write at [EMAIL PROTECTED] for a menu of our lists! <A HREF="http://www.ctrl.org/">www.ctrl.org</A> DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER ========== CTRL is a discussion & informational exchange list. Proselytizing propagandic screeds are unwelcomed. Substance�not soap-boxing�please! These are sordid matters and 'conspiracy theory'�with its many half-truths, mis- directions and outright frauds�is used politically by different groups with major and minor effects spread throughout the spectrum of time and thought. That being said, CTRLgives no endorsement to the validity of posts, and always suggests to readers; be wary of what you read. 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