-Caveat Lector- [HardGreenHerald] # 4 "Unless someone like you cares a whole lot, nothing is going to get better. It's not." --Dr. Seuss, 'The Lorax' --A RadTimes production-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Contents: --------------- --The Great Yellow Hype --ALF Claim Fire Attack On Meat Trucks --Eco-terrorism group claims Tulare attack --Foot And Mouth Reaches 'Epidemic' Proportions --Rising oceans threaten to destroy ecosystems --Is organic farming answer to Europe's food crisis? =================================================================== The Great Yellow Hype <http://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/04/magazine/04WWLN.html?searchpv=site01> The New York Times Magazine March 4, 2001 By MICHAEL POLLAN Unless I'm missing something, the aim of the biotechnology industry's audacious new advertising campaign is to impale people like me -- well-off first worlders dubious about genetically engineered food -- on the horns of a moral dilemma. Have you seen these ads? Over a speedy montage of verdant rice paddies, smiling Asian kids and kindly third-world doctors, a caring voice describes something called golden rice and its promise to "help prevent blindness and infection in millions of children" suffering from vitamin-A deficiency. This new rice has been engineered, using a daffodil gene, to produce beta- carotene, a nutrient the body can convert into vitamin A. Watching the pitch, you can almost feel the moral ground shifting under your feet. For the unspoken challenge here is that if we don't get over our queasiness about eating genetically modified food, kids in the third world will go blind. It appears that biotechnology, which heretofore had little more to offer the world than plants that could shake off a shower of herbicide, has finally found a "killer app" that can silence its critics and win over journalists. It's working, too: Time magazine put golden rice on its cover, declaring, "This rice could save a million kids a year." Even Greenpeace has acknowledged that "golden rice is a moral challenge to our position." Yet the more one learns about biotechnology's Great Yellow Hope, the more uncertain seems its promise -- and the industry's command of the moral high ground. Indeed, it remains to be seen whether golden rice will ever offer as much to malnourished children as it does to beleaguered biotech companies. Its real achievement may be to win an argument rather than solve a public-health problem. Which means we may be witnessing the advent of the world's first purely rhetorical technology. If that sounds harsh, consider this: an 11-year-old would have to eat 15 pounds of cooked golden rice a day -- quite a bowlful -- to satisfy his minimum daily requirement of vitamin A. Even if that were possible (or if scientists boosted beta-carotene levels), it probably wouldn't do a malnourished child much good, since the body can only convert beta-carotene into vitamin A when fat and protein are present in the diet. Fat and protein in the diet are, of course, precisely what a malnourished child lacks. Further, there's no guarantee people will eat yellowish rice. Brown rice, after all, is already rich in nutrients, yet most Asians prefer white rice, which is not. Rice has long had a complicated set of meanings in Asian culture. Confucius, for example, extolled the pure whiteness of rice as the ideal backdrop for green vegetables. That works fine so long as you've still got the vegetables. But once rice became a monoculture cash crop, it crowded the green vegetables out of people's fields and out of their diet. Proponents of golden rice acknowledge that persuading people to eat it may require an educational campaign. This begs a rather obvious question. Why not simply a campaign to persuade them to eat brown rice? Or how about teaching people how to grow green vegetables on the margins of their rice fields, and maybe even give them the seeds to do so? Or what about handing out vitamin-A supplements to children so severely malnourished their bodies can't metabolize beta-carotene? As it happens, these ridiculously obvious, unglamorous, low-tech schemes are being tried today, and according to the aid groups behind them, all they need to work are political will and money. Money? More than $100 million dollars has been spent developing golden rice, and another $50 million has been budgeted for advertisements touting the technology's future benefits. A spokesman for Syngenta, the company that plans to give golden rice seeds to poor farmers, has said that every month of delay will mean another 50,000 blind children. Yet how many cases of blindness could be averted right now if the industry were to divert its river of advertising dollars to a few of these programs? Which brings us to some uncomfortable questions about the industry's motives. In January, Gordon Conway, the president of the Rockefeller Foundation - which financed the original research on golden rice -- wrote, "The public-relations uses of golden rice have gone too far." While genetically engineered rice has a role to play in combating malnutrition, Conway noted, "We do not consider golden rice the solution to the vitamin-A deficiency problem." So to what, then, is golden rice the solution? The answer seems plain: To the public-relations problem of an industry that has so far offered consumers precious few reasons to buy what it's selling -- and more than a few to avoid it. Appealing to our self- interest won't work, so why not try pricking our conscience? (Do I hear an echo? Eat your peas -- there are children starving in Africa.) Ordinarily, evaluating a P.R. strategy in terms of morality rather than efficacy would seem to be missing the point. But morality is precisely the basis on which we've been asked us to think about golden rice. So let us try. Granted, it would be immoral for finicky Americans to thwart a technology that could rescue malnourished children. But wouldn't it also be immoral for an industry to use those children's suffering in order to rescue itself? The first case is hypothetical at best. The second is right there on our television screens, for everyone to see. ---- Michael Pollan is a contributing writer for the magazine. His new book, "The Botany of Desire," will be published in May. =================================================================== ALF Claim Fire Attack On Meat Trucks NORTH AMERICAN ANIMAL LIBERATION FRONT PRESS OFFICE FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE March 05, 2001 Long Island City, NY - The underground Animal Liberation Front has claimed responsibility for an attack on several trucks belonging to an Astoria, Queens meat packing company. In an anonymous Communique sent to the ALF Press Office, the activists state that in the early morning hours of March 02 they planted incendiary devices under two trucks belonging to Schaller and Weber Meat Packing Plant, 2235 46th St., Long Island City (718-721-5480). The Communique released by the ALF activists claim that the incendiary devices did ignite and caused an unknown amount of damage to both trucks. "The ALF activists have taken this action against the meat industry to continue their campaign of economic sabotage against all companies who profit from the misery, torture and death inflicted upon animals in the name of profit," states David Barbarash, ALF spokesperson. According to the Communique, the action against Schaller and Weber was done in support of two animal and environmental activists: Long Island's Andy Stepanian and Bloomington, Ind. activist Frank Ambrose. Andy Stepanian was convicted of an ALF action against a fur store where a window was smashed. He was released from jail on March 03. Frank Ambrose is facing charges relating to a tree spiking action claimed by the Earth Liberation Front. Both activists have maintained their innocence. The Animal Liberation Front is an international underground movement of people who choose to take non-violent direct action against animal abuse industries. These actions include liberating animals and property destruction. The ALF adhere to a strict code of non-violence which states that no injury or death must come to any animal or human in the course of the action. In the twenty years of ALF activity in North America this guideline has never been breached. "Meat companies and packing plants are frequent targets of animal liberation activists because of the inherent cruelty of raising an animal for slaughter," comments David Barbarash. "From the rearing of cows, pigs and chickens, to their confinement, to their ultimate slaughter all involve cruelty, pain, suffering and ultimately, death." Schaller and Weber trucks were damaged as part of a continued campaign of economic sabotage. The ALF have been active in North America since the late 1980's and throughout the 1990's, targeting mainly meat and fur businesses. In recent months several direct actions have taken place against animal abuse industries in the New York area: On Dec. 29, 2000 the ALF smashed out all the windows of Hewlett furrier Tres Chic Furs, spray painted anti-fur slogans and destroyed ten coats wed red paint. The following day, Dec. 30, the ALF monkey wrenched ten trucks belonging to a Rockville Center dairy operation, slashing 32 tires, most of the vehicles' windows, cutting coolant and electrical cables, as well as other damage. Twelve storefront windows were also smashed. On Feb. 05 unidentified activists smashed four large display windows and the glass door of Burger King on the University of Buffalo campus, and the following day, Feb. 06, the Animal Liberation Front claimed responsibility for smashing the front windows of Corlina Furs in New York City. Communiques claiming responsibility for all of the above-mentioned actions are available from the ALF Press Office. The North American ALF Press Office is run independently and separately from the ALF, and is not a participant in illegal activities. The Press Office receives and forwards information from the underground activists. Further information and interviews are available at 250-703-6312. Local contact: Long Island Animal Defense League, 631-340-4708. The full text of the ALF Communique is as follows: "In the early morning hours of March 2nd, we planted two incendiary devices underneath two trucks belonging to The Schaller and Weber Meat Packing Plant in Astoria, Queens. The incendiary devices did an unknown amount of damage to the trucks, although it was evident that the trucks caught fire. Until the institutional abuse of animals is put to an end we will continue to destroy the property used to exploit innocent life. This action was carried out in support of Andrew Stepanian, and Frank Ambrose, both dedicated members of our strong above-ground support groups. The unjust treatment of these activists will never intimidate us into stopping our activities. We will not stop until they do, -- The Animal Liberation Front" ---------------------------------------------------------------- North American Animal Liberation Front Press Office * * * * * The Voice of the A.L.F. * * * * * Spokesperson: David Barbarash Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Phone: 250-703-6312 Fax: 419-858-9065 Mailing Address: P.O.Box 3673, Courtenay, B.C., V9N 7P1 Canada URL and PGP key: http://www.animalliberation.net/media/naalfpo.html =================================================================== Eco-terrorism group claims Tulare attack <http://www.sacbee.com/news/news/local02_20010304.html> Fire may be radical ELF's first state foray By Sam Stanton Bee Staff Writer (Published March 4, 2001) The fire was fairly large, but it broke out in the middle of the night in an empty building in rural Tulare County and hardly warranted a mention in local newspapers. Then, five days later, the e-mail message went out. "We chose this warehouse because it contained massive quantities of transgenic cotton seed in storage," the message said. "But now, this seed will no longer exist to contaminate the environment, enrich a sick corporation, or contribute to its warped research programs." The message was from the Earth Liberation Front, a shadowy group the FBI considers one of the nation's leading domestic terrorist organizations. And although the fire at the Delta & Pine Land Co. cotton gin marked the first time the ELF has claimed responsibility for an attack in California, the group made it clear it will not be the last. "This action by the ELF comes after a quiet winter of no direct actions against genetic engineering," said a statement released with the group's claim of responsibility. "It is expected that with the upcoming growing season direct actions against facilities producing and testing genetically engineered organisms will resume." Officials say many questions remain about whether the self-styled guardians of the Earth's environment really are responsible for the Feb. 20 fire south of Fresno, near Visalia. But the ELF's track record, with nearly $40 million in damages attributed to its actions in the United States since 1997 -- made the claim serious enough to attract the FBI's attention. FBI offices nationwide have been tracking ELF actions for several years. Agents hope to infiltrate the group, and the agency has called on mainstream environmental groups to help track down ELF members. The ELF claims none of its American members ever have been arrested. But the first major breakthrough may have come three weeks ago, when authorities in New York arrested four Suffolk County teens in connection with a series of house arsons and acts of vandalism that officials tied to the ELF. Three of the teens since have pleaded guilty. In the Tulare County fire, FBI agents from the Fresno office are working with fire investigators to determine what caused the blaze and why. "We're aware of it and aware of the claim of responsibility," said Sacramento FBI spokesman Nick Rossi. "But beyond that, we're still working to confer with the fire folks down there to determine whether they have information as to the actual cause of the fire." The ELF was extremely specific about that cause in its Internet message. "After cutting through a padlock on a door to get into the warehouse, we placed four five-gallon buckets filled with half gasoline and half diesel in strategic locations," the group claimed. "Windows were broken to provide the fire with oxygen, and timers were set. Within just a few minutes, the operation was complete." However, that account differs significantly from the scene that fire investigator Mike Davidson said greeted firefighters. "I can tell you that when the fire units arrived on the scene, they relayed to me that the front gate was locked," said Davidson, an investigator with the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. "We cut the locks to gain access to the property, and all the windows were intact." Davidson said he had not determined yet whether to classify the fire as an arson. The burned building, in a rural area three miles west of Visalia, rarely is used, with most activity there coming in the fall months, Davidson said. "It's a real small operation where they do testing of cotton and seeds," he said. "Most people don't know anything is done in that building. I've lived here 12 years and never saw any activity out there." Delta & Pine Land officials did not return three telephone calls seeking comment. But a spokesman for the ELF said it is common for the group's claims of responsibility to be discounted initially, then later found to be true. "There's no way of knowing for certain, I'll admit that," said Craig Rosebraugh, a vegan baker in Portland, Ore., who says he is not an ELF member but receives messages from the group. "But in every single communication I've received thus far the different types of information contained has been somewhat, if not fully, confirmed by the authorities at some later date." The FBI conceded that ELF claims typically are accurate, with Rossi saying "the group has been fairly reliable in its assertions about responsibility for different acts." And that list of claims has grown quite long. The ELF's Web site contains a "diary of actions" that lists incidents of vandalism in the United States dating back to Oct. 14, 1996, when a Eugene, Ore., McDonald's restaurant had its locks glued and was spray painted. ELF claims to be an offshoot of the radical Earth First. On its Web site, it says it emerged in Brighton, England, in 1992 through Earth Firsters who did not want to abandon the option of criminal acts to further their environmental goals. Since then, ELF activity has increased in scope and sophistication, with arson fires causing millions of dollars in damage at meatpacking and U.S. Department of Agriculture offices, lumber operations, horse corrals and places where the group believed genetic engineering of plants was being studied. ELF's biggest target was a ski resort expansion project in Vail, Colo., where an October 1998 arson fire caused at least $12 million in damages. Since then, focus on the group has intensified. FBI probes have been conducted nationwide, and the ELF is immediately suspected in any environmental vandalism cases, sometimes incorrectly. In Phoenix there was speculation for a time that the ELF was responsible for a recent series of arsons of luxury homes under construction near the city's mountains preserve. Recently, however, the Phoenix New Times weekly published an interview with a man who claimed to be a member of an unaffiliated group that wanted to stop encroachment on the desert land to preserve it for mountain biking. Similar acts of environmental sabotage have occurred in Arizona and elsewhere since at least the late 1960s, long before the ELF was formed. And various other groups have claimed responsibility over the years for vandalism concerning animal rights or the genetic engineering of crops. University of California, Davis, has been the target of both types, including attacks on crops, arson and an incident in which some animal researchers received razor blades in the mail. An animal rights group calling itself "Justice Department" claimed responsibility for those incidents. But much of the recent attention on such groups has focused on the ELF, which the FBI says is a sophisticated operation comprised of "cells" of individuals small groups that are extremely difficult to infiltrate. "The longer this terrorism goes on, the greater toll it takes on the victims as well as the reputation of the activists who are trying to do good work within the law," Portland FBI agent David Szady said two weeks ago, responding to the February arrests in New York. "It's just a matter of time until someone is hurt or killed." Media scrutiny of the ELF has continued unabated, including a profile on "60 Minutes" and a lengthy investigation in 1999 by the Portland Oregonian newspaper, which catalogued 100 major acts of vandalism since 1980 across the country, causing nearly $43 million in damage. Covering the group and its actions is somewhat complicated, because no one is quite certain who belongs to ELF. There are no membership rolls or meetings. Although Rosebraugh maintains the ELF press office, he maintains he has no idea who the group's members are. Nor will he say how he receives ELF messages, which he then transmits to reporters and others who have signed up to receive the group's sporadic "communiques." As Rosebraugh explains it, ELF activists are independent operators who are asked to adhere to three rules: "Cause immediate economic damage to those who profit from the destruction of a natural environment"; educate the public; and take all precautions to make certain that the attacks do not harm anyone. But the very nature of ELF activities makes that third rule a difficult one to follow, some officials say. Although no injuries have been reported as a result of ELF activities, the FBI and other officials, including those who oversaw the firefighting efforts in Visalia, say that may be just luck. "People have to risk their lives to put those fires out," said Karen Terrill, spokeswoman for the California Division of Forestry. =================================================================== Foot And Mouth Reaches 'Epidemic' Proportions The Ministry of Agriculture has conceded that the foot and mouth outbreak could be called an epidemic, as the tally of cases rose to 70 today. Fears that the disease may spread to the continent could be confirmed after France discovered traces of the disease in nine herds. Meanwhile the National Farmers' Union described a fresh outbreak on Dartmoor's national park as a "nightmare scenario". Full story - Guardian http://www.guardian.co.uk/footandmouth/story/0,7369,446488,00.html Related story: My son hasn't done anything wrong - Cumbria News and Star http://www.news-and-star.co.uk/A36pbf.HTM Related story: UK sheep suspected in French tests - Ananova http://www.ananova.co.uk/news/story/sm_227796.html?menu= Analysis: Causes and effects of a deadly virus - Guardian http://www.guardian.co.uk/footandmouth/story/0,7369,446486,00.html Comment: To be killed for having flu - Independent http://www.independent.co.uk/argument/Regular_columnists/Joan_Smith/smith040301.shtml Feature: Who's mad now? - Guardian http://www.guardian.co.uk/footandmouth/story/0,7369,446594,00.html Factfile: Foot and mouth disease - MAFF http://www.maff.gov.uk/animalh/diseases/fmd/default.htm Background: Foot and mouth latest - National Farmers' Union http://www.nfu.org.uk/info/f&ml.asp Special report: Foot and mouth disease - Guardian Unlimited http://www.guardian.co.uk/footandmouth/ =================================================================== Rising oceans threaten to destroy ecosystems <http://enn.com/news/enn-stories/2001/03/03052001/risingseas_30341.asp> Monday, March 5, 2001 By Claude Morgan Coastal sea levels have risen a foot in the past century. Scientists expect them to rise still more. The culprit is global warming, say scientists. But just how much of that global warming is fueled by natural events and how much is manmade? That mystery is lighting another fire: a scientific debate, which could change the face of our shorelines. The seas are rising nearly one-tenth of an inch each year, fed by rivers of melting glaciers and ice sheets around the globe, according to scientists at the United States Geological Survey. At the current rate of melting, warn many scientists, the seas could rise another foot over the next 50 years. Iceland's glaciers could disappear by 2200. "No one can tell you that the sea level today is higher than it was yesterday," says Jim Titus, project director of sea level rise at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. But by averaging historical data, says Titus, scientists can literally watch the tide roll in over the centuries. "Plain ol' linear analysis of the record reveals that the sea is clearly rising relative to the land," says Titus. Couple that with the melting of the world's glaciers and a rise of the earth's atmospheric temperature and you have what many scientists now believe is a cosmic dance of tide and temperature older than the hills themselves. Every 100,000 years or so, the earth settles in for an ice age, taking its cue from changes in its orbit around the Sun. During long, elliptical orbits, the earth cools, and water is stored on the continents in the form of ice. Sea level falls. During shorter, circular orbits, the earth warms up, and the ice returns to the sea, causing a rise in sea level. These warming spells, called interglacial periods, typically last about 10,000 years. "We're about two thirds of the way through an interglacial period, right now," says Richard Williams, an oceanographer with the USGS at Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Keeping his eye on the Holocene Epoch the name scientists give to the current warming spell Williams counts the droplets of water as they run from the ice to the sea. "It takes about 6,300 cubic miles of melting ice to raise the sea level one inch," says Williams. "If the ice sheets on Greenland melted, that alone could raise sea level by 20 feet." Fossil records and other scientific evidence show that many times that amount of ice have succumbed to the cosmic dance of hot and cold in the past. During the last interglacial period, for instance, most scientists now agree, sea levels rose 20 feet above where they are today. But just how much of this warming cycle is natural and how much is manmade has scientists locked in their own ebb and flow: Most scientists believe that human contributions to the greenhouse effect contribute to global warming and sea-level rise; a few are cool to the idea. "We're in a much more fragile state than we were in the last interglacial period," warns Williams. Evidence found in deep layers of polar ice reveals that ancient levels of atmospheric CO2 were much lower than present levels. "We've seen a 30 percent increase of those levels since the last interglacial," says Williams. "So, I'd have to say, at this point, we're contributing to global warming and accelerating the rise in sea levels." Pat Michaels, a professor of environmental studies at the University of Virginia, disagrees. He says human contributions to greenhouse gasses notwithstanding, human activity pales in comparison to cosmic cycles. "The amount of sea-level rise from human contributions in the 20th century has been grossly exaggerated," argues Michaels. In a recent discovery that may mitigate this argument, scientists are now investigating a 460,000 year-old interglacial period that many believe mirrors our own. But then again, during that interglacial period, the seas rose 65 feet above current levels. Whichever scientific argument prevails, however, nearly all scientists agree that this is one tide we won't be turning back. Instead, many of them say, we should prepare for a slow and orderly migration inland away from the coasts taking special care to protect delicate ecosystems along the way. EPA's Jim Titus says that scientists and policymakers may want to identify tomorrow's wetlands and help develop them today before the tide of human and natural events turns against us. "One half of the land directly impaired by sea-level rise is wetlands," says Titus. "Fortunately, this is one impact of global warming where we can actually do some very rational things. But first we need to get everybody rowing in the same direction." =================================================================== Is organic farming answer to Europe's food crisis? <http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm?newsid=10000> March 6, 2001 by Sharman Esarey LONDON - Is cheap food worth the risk? Or is organic the answer? Across Europe, politicians struggling to end food crises ranging from mad cow to foot-and-mouth disease are questioning conventional farming practices and hunting for alternatives. Last week, foot-and-mouth disease spread from England to Scotland and Northern Ireland, prompting other European countries to tighten steps to disinfect travellers and vehicles from the British Isles. European consumers, who have already weathered a raft of food scares including E-coli, campylobacter, salmonella and dioxin, were badly shaken last autumn when the mad cow, or BSE, crisis spread from Britain to the continent. Given all the bad news, they have grown wary of anything "unnatural" and have shunned genetically modified (GM) foods, which are spliced with foreign genes to help them resist drought or ward off pests. Organic methods - which strive for sustainable farming and quality food - differ from the intensive farming blamed for the spread of crises such as mad cow, a brain-wasting disease whose the human form has killed more than 80 people. They put emphasis on animal welfare, soil fertility and creating a self-sustaining system. And that sounds better and better to many consumers and political leaders. POLITICIANS SEARCH FOR SOLUTIONS With television and newspapers carrying pictures of thousands of animal carcasses being burned across Britain and mainland Europe, politicians are looking for solutions - and villains. Farming has become increasingly intensive in the search for cheaper food. The big retail food chains and supermarkets want large amounts of produce at competitive prices. In Britain, five supermarket chains account for more than 80 percent of all grocery sales and their profits exceed those of all of the country's small farmers. Prime Minister Tony Blair took to the road last week and accused supermarkets of being part of the problem, saying they were making profits at the expense of farmers. "The supermarkets have pretty much an armlock on you," Blair told a public meeting in Gloucester in the west of England. "We need to go back to the table and work this out on a long-term basis, " said Blair. He is said to be considering delaying the call for a general election because of restrictions on movement aimed at curbing the foot-and-mouth crisis. EUROPE Europe, which long felt itself to be immune from the BSE food crisis, is considering its options. EU Farm Commissioner Franz Fischler has announced plans to encourage less intensive farming. In Germany, Farm Minister Renate Kuenast, a Green, unveiled plans in February to raise organic farming to 20 percent over 10 years from 2.6 percent in Europe's largest economy. But last week the Finance Ministry said that extra costs linked to managing the country's outbreak of mad cow disease may not be covered by revenues planned in the 2001 federal budget. MONEY FOR ORGANIC The cost of containing and cleaning up the messes means that less money is available to promote organic farming. It also means that consumers are paying a hefty additional amount for their food outside the supermarket - in the taxes devoted to compensate farmers and in subsidies directed at conventional farmers in the first place. Similarly, consumers don't pay at the till for the clean-up of the artificial fertilisers and pesticides used in conventional but not in organic farming. They pay that in their water bill. So while organic food takes a bigger apparent chunk from consumers' wallets than the conventional variety at the supermarket, that is only part of the picture. Besides, ever cheaper food from the shelf pressures producers and processors. Food costs have dropped to some 10 percent of people's income from 30 percent after World War Two. DEMAND FOR ORGANIC GROWING "Cheap food actually means higher risk," said Emma Parkin, spokesperson for Britain's Soil Association, founded in 1946 to promote organic farming. "Some might cut corners, or import cheaper (lower quality) produce." But demand for organic produce is growing as consumer worries mount. At present, some five percent of the European retail food market is organic, with Sweden leading the pack at 11 percent of the land organically farmed. In Britain, the average weekly expenditure on organic food rose to 20.76 pounds ($30.54) in May 2000 from 12.66 a year earlier, according to a report by Taylor Nelson Sofres. The number of families buying organic during the period rose to 57.4 percent from 43 percent. "We cannot continue to have ever cheaper food," Parkin said, adding "Is it worth...the risk?" =================================================================== "Treat the Earth well. It was not given to you by your parents. It was loaned to you by your children." -Kenyan Proverb ====================================================== "We cannot solve the problems that we have created with the same thinking that created them." -Albert Einstein ====================================================== "The idea of wilderness needs no defense, it only needs defenders." -Edward Abbey ______________________________________________________________ To subscribe/unsubscribe, send appropriate email to <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>. ______________________________________________________________ <A HREF="http://www.ctrl.org/">www.ctrl.org</A> DECLARATION & DISCLAIMER ========== CTRL is a discussion & informational exchange list. Proselytizing propagandic screeds are unwelcomed. Substance�not soap-boxing�please! 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