-Caveat Lector-

Monster of Florence may still be alive
Serial killings of 1968-1985 may have been masterminded by society figures in an 
occult group

Rory Carroll in Rome
Wednesday August 8, 2001
The Guardian

Police in Italy have reopened inquiries into the Monster of Florence case, the serial 
killings that inspired
the creation of Hannibal Lecter. The people of Tuscany had thought the story was over 
- the last victims were
killed 16 years ago while the "monster" alleged to have murdered them died in 1998. 
But yesterday detectives
in Florence said there were new suspects for the murder and mutilation of eight 
couples between 1968 and 1985.

Police now believe that a group of between 10 and 12 wealthy, sophisticated Italians 
orchestrated ritualised
murders over the course of three decades and got away with it, allowing their careers 
and reputations to
blossom to this day.

Detectives who were tipped off by a series of anonymous letters are questioning a key 
witness and have sent
magistrates a file which is believed to name some of the suspects, including a doctor 
and an artist.

The sect's requirements were precise: night-time executions of courting couples 
followed by mutilation with
the help of a .22 Beretta revolver and a surgical knife.

Pietro Pacciani, an illiterate farm labourer, was convicted in 1994 of seven of the 
eight double killings. The
conviction was overturned and he was awaiting a new trial when he died. Despite his 
denials few doubted that
the stocky Tuscan, who in his youth had murdered a travelling salesman by stabbing him 
and stamping on him,
was indeed the Monster of Florence.

A month before his death two friends, Mario Vanni and Giancarlo Lotti, were convicted 
and jailed for helping
to kill the couples, and were sentenced to life and 26 years respectively.

Case closed, it seemed.

But some investigators were uneasy. There were unexplained factors and leads that were 
not followed up. How,
for instance, had Pacciani saved more than �50,000 and bought two houses? What did he 
do with his bloody
trophies? Who was the mysterious doctor Lotti referred to in court as the man who 
ordered the jobs?

The novelist Thomas Harris, sitting in on the original hearings, seemed to share 
suspicions that a society
figure had masterminded the gore and so made his fictional killer, Hannibal Lecter, a 
psychiatrist.

The head of Florence's detective force, Michele Giuttari, believed Pacciani was too 
sloppy to have planned the
crimes. They started in August 1968 when Antonio Lo Bianco, 29, and Barbara Locci, 32, 
were shot in their car.
A pattern was set: it was always a moonless night on a weekend in an isolated lane.

The Germans Horst Meyer and Uwe Rusch Sens were murdered in woods near Galluzo in 
September 1983. One had long
hair and may have been thought to be a woman. The last couple, French, were slain in 
September 1985 as they
camped in a vineyard near the village of Scopeti.

Detectives have found evidence of what they believe was an occult group which directed 
the three peasants,
Pacciani, Vanni and Lotti (who were known collectively as the peeping toms because of 
their nocturnal
ramblings) to commit the murders.

Pacciani and Vanni were also alleged to have participated in black masses which used 
female body parts at the
house of a supposed wizard in San Caciano, a popular tourist destination because of 
its Romanesque Pisan
church. Nurses at a clinic which hired Pacciani as a gardener claimed that he told 
them a doctor presided at
other satanic ceremonies.

A Swiss artist, now being questioned by police, was allegedly part of the group. After 
he left the area in
1997, police found drawings of mutilated women and newspaper cuttings of Pacciani's 
trial in the artist's
farmhouse.

The investigating magistrate, Paolo Canessa, believed Pacciani's heart attack in 
February 1998 was triggered
by drugs to silence him, lest he reveal the real monster, or monsters.

Fetishists


Detectives made little progress until a few months ago when a series of anonymous 
letters, containing details
about the killings that had never been made public, revealed that a woman in Genoa had 
useful information.

Although she was described in letters but not actually named, she was tracked down 
last week to an apartment
shared with her sister. Italian media suggested she was one of the prostitutes that 
Pacciani visited during
trips to Genoa's red light district in the 1980s. Detectives are checking why the last 
letter was intercepted
and opened by someone in the police station.

Massimo Introvigne, a religious historian who helped police in the original inquiry 
and advised the FBI, told
the newspaper La Repubblica that Tuscany, which partly inspired the poet Dante to 
write his classic about the
inferno, had a long tradition of sorcery. He said American anthropologists noted a 
phenomenon of medieval
chants and invocation of the devil in the 19th century. "There are elements that make 
the [police] hypothesis
possible. Experience teaches us that deviant groups do exist," said Professor 
Introvigne.

He stressed that occult sects were not necessarily satanists and that the ritual 
nature of the murders
suggested fetishists were to blame.

Magistrates must now decide whether to seek prosecutions for those named in the police 
file.

Why Hannibal went to Tuscan capital

One of the visitors to the Florence court spellbound by the 1992 trial of Pietro 
Pacciani was the novelist
Thomas Harris.

The true tale of serial killers who shot and mutilated courting couples in Tuscany 
caught his imagination.

Not just for its horror but because of the suspicion that Pacciani was not the real 
Monster of Florence but a
pawn who acted on the orders of a powerful high society figure, possibly a doctor or 
surgeon.

Harris was inspired to locate his third novel, Hannibal, in the Tuscan capital, and 
echoes of the real life
case reverberated during filming of the novel in Florence last year.In the fictional 
story, Lecter (played by
Sir Anthony Hopkins) escapes from custody in the US and resurfaces as the custodian of 
the Capponi library,
with all the refinement and homicidal impulses attributed to the suspected "real" 
monster.

Politicians and locals objected to the filming on the grounds that Florence's 
reputation had been sullied
enough by the murders without being used as the setting for Hannibal's appetites.


Guardian Unlimited � Guardian Newspapers Limited 2001

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