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CNN Chief Orders 'Balance' in War News
Reporters Are Told To Remind Viewers Why U.S. Is Bombing 

By Howard Kurtz
Washington Post Staff Writer
Wednesday, October 31, 2001; Page C01 


The chairman of CNN has ordered his staff to balance images of civilian 
devastation in Afghan cities with reminders that the Taliban harbors 
murderous terrorists, saying it "seems perverse to focus too much on the 
casualties or hardship in Afghanistan."

In a memo to his international correspondents, Walter Isaacson said: "As we 
get good reports from Taliban-controlled Afghanistan, we must redouble our 
efforts to make sure we do not seem to be simply reporting from their vantage 
or perspective. We must talk about how the Taliban are using civilian shields 
and how the Taliban have harbored the terrorists responsible for killing 
close to 5,000 innocent people."

As more errant U.S. bombs have landed in residential areas, causing damage to 
such places as a Red Cross warehouse and senior citizens' center, the 
resulting television images have fueled criticism of the American war effort. 
This has sparked a growing debate, which began with the Osama bin Laden 
videotape, about how the media should handle stage-managed pictures from 
Afghanistan.

"I want to make sure we're not used as a propaganda platform," Isaacson said 
in an interview yesterday.

"We're entering a period in which there's a lot more reporting and video from 
Taliban-controlled Afghanistan," he said. "You want to make sure people 
understand that when they see civilian suffering there, it's in the context 
of a terrorist attack that caused enormous suffering in the United States."

While some CNN correspondents are concerned about having a "pro-America" 
stamp on their reports, all the networks are clearly sensitive to charges 
that they are playing into enemy hands. After national security adviser 
Condoleezza Rice asked the network news chiefs not to show bin Laden 
videotapes live and unedited, MSNBC and Fox News did not air the next one and 
CNN showed only brief excerpts.

Jim Murphy, executive producer of the "CBS Evening News," said of the CNN 
instructions: "I wouldn't order anybody to do anything like that. Our 
reporters are smart enough to know it always has to be put in context."

Murphy said he doesn't believe "the danger is extremely high that showing 
what we know, and covering what the other side purports, is really going to 
change the mood of the nation. We know a terrible thing happened, it will 
take time to deal with and mistakes will be made along the way. That's war."

NBC News Vice President Bill Wheatley took a similar tack, saying: "I'd give 
the American public more credit, frankly. I'm not sure it makes sense to say 
every single time you see any pictures from Afghanistan, 'This is as a result 
of September 11th.' No one's made any secret of that."

But Fox News Vice President John Moody said the CNN directive is "not at all 
a bad thing" because "Americans need to remember what started this. . . . I 
think people need a certain amount of context or they obsess on the last 15 
minutes of history. A lot of Americans did die."

To be sure, the cable networks, with their American-flag logos, carry hours 
of speeches and briefings each day by President Bush, Donald Rumsfeld, Tom 
Ridge, Ari Fleischer and other administration figures. Few viewers complain 
about this coverage being one-sided.

Taliban leaders are courting world sympathy, especially in the Islamic world, 
by playing up the bomb damage, even as Pentagon officials dismiss Afghan 
claims of 1,000 civilian casualties as wildly exaggerated. And the issue is 
hardly a new one. CNN took considerable criticism during the Persian Gulf War 
over correspondent Peter Arnett's reports of damage from Baghdad.

Isaacson's memo said the network, in covering Afghan casualties, should not 
"forget it is that country's leaders who are responsible for the situation 
Afghanistan is now in."

Said Tom Rosenstiel of the Project for Excellence in Journalism: "It sounds 
as though they're worried about people being mad at them more than about 
providing the information that is useful."

But Rosenstiel said the networks face a real dilemma, which is "how do you 
communicate information that some in your audience might perceive as 
sympathetic to the enemy? . . . If people get so mad at you that they tune 
you out, you're also failing."

In a second memo, Rick Davis, CNN's head of standards and practices, said it 
"may be hard for the correspondent in these dangerous areas to make the 
points clearly," so he suggested language for the anchors:

" 'We must keep in mind, after seeing reports like this from 
Taliban-controlled areas, that these U.S. military actions are in response to 
a terrorist attack that killed close to 5,000 innocent people in the U.S.' 
or, 'We must keep in mind, after seeing reports like this, that the Taliban 
regime in Afghanistan continues to harbor terrorists who have praised the 
September 11 attacks that killed close to 5,000 innocent people in the U.S.,' 
or 'The Pentagon has repeatedly stressed that it is trying to minimize 
civilian casualties in Afghanistan, even as the Taliban regime continues to 
harbor terrorists who are connected to the September 11 attacks that claimed 
thousands of innocent lives in the U.S.' . . . 

"Even though it may start sounding rote, it is important that we make this 
point each time."

But aren't viewers who don't live in caves well aware of the Sept. 11 
backdrop?

"People do already know it," Isaacson said yesterday. "We go to Ground Zero 
all the time. We cover the memorial services. We cover people's lives that 
have been touched. I just want to make sure we keep a sense of balance."

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