Look at this as an investment model that is still being
followed today by proponents of globalization.
Linda
-----Original Message-----
From:
Dan Byrnes <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
To:
Linda Minor <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Date: Thursday,
December 13, 2001 5:14 AM
Subject: More from Byrnes circa 1711 in
England
Dear Linda, I trust the Christmas season is
treating you well. Below is some stuff now going into my new Merchants and
Bankers website. I've toned up my genealogical database (see the below just
added to the website on Heathcote genealogy re De Lanceys of new York, and other
connections; the info is not bad by now!).
I've thrown this latest into the website
chronologically, so it ends up near a mini-essay on one of my approaches. This
sort of genealogical entry can now be gotten from the genealogy database very
quickly, and no reason why I could not do the same for investors in mid-C19th US
railways; or whatever, if we have the info. So this website will grow, I'm
lately working on the period 1700-1800 mostly,
Cheers, Dan.
<P><b>
The word
"merchant</b>":
<P>
The word "merchant" as used in these files
is somewhat indiscriminate. It often refers to importer/wholesalers of bulk
commodities. But from 1600, a "merchant" could have been a member of the
mercantile classes, a scrivener or goldsmith, a bill-broker, moneylender, a
manufacturer (including a shipbuilder), the manager of several self-owned ships,
a speculator, or investor; and most notable London alderman were some kind of
"merchant". There is no real way to be discriminating about what "merchant"
meant from era to era.
<P>
Meanwhile, many
historians' treatments fail to inform that many merchants had simultaneous
interests in several fields of trade, that is, they had multiple roles.
Meanwhile, the transmission of commodity items to the individual consumer, the
retailer, or even the smaller wholesaler, as a topic (or way of life?) is
conspicuously absent in English economic history until the early nineteenth
century, and English historians have remained curiously uncurious about
retailing <br><font size=-3>(David Alexander, <b>Retailing in
England during the Industrial Revolution</b>. London, University of
London, Athlone Press, 1970.)</font>
<P>[This is seen also in Duncan Campbell�s own letterbooks, which between 1758 and 1796
provide frustratingly little information on just whom he sold his tobacco
or sugars to, so it remains difficult to examine his commercial networks] The
great oddity of this is realised when one sees how, with the history of English
contact with the East since 1600, generally, with the import of sugars, spices and tea, overviews of
<I>improvements</I> to the English diet are seldom offered; one suspects that the English diet had been horribly drab for most
people. However, the handling of commodities-only does suggest that links
between merchants and aristocrats were financial, perhaps with the aristocrats
providing some of the capital for a merchant�s handling of bulk
commodities. <IMG SRC="javascript:void(0);" WIDTH="300" HEIGHT="80"
BORDER="0" ALT="Merchants logo gif - 9347 Bytes" align=right>
<P>
Here are
points also re argument on sugar - a great many merchants -
including those with slaving interests of various kinds - dealt in several
trades, simultaneously - the Levant trade, American
trade, Eastern trade. <br><font
size=-3>
(Here could be named, across several eras:
Sir John Banks (1627-1699), Eastern trade,
financier, investor in Africa Company;
Sir Benjamin Bathurst, governor East India Company,
Africa Company investor (Davies, <b>Royal Africa Company</b>,
index);
Goldsmith Robert Chester, died 1729, lands in
Antigua and Barbados, director South Seas Company (Carswell, <b>South Sea
Bubble</b>, appendix);
Sir Peter Colleton, active 1663, Barbados-Carolina
interests, investor in Royal Africa Company (Haley,
<b>Shaftesbury</b>, p. 231);
Governor of Bengal, Richard Craddock, director of
Royal Africa Company, (Carswell, <b>South Sea Bubble</b>, appendix);
Draper Peregrine Cust (1723-1788),
deputy-chairman East India Company 1769-1770, government financier and
contractor in Bute�s times, Bristol delegate to Africa Committee, Valentine,
<b>British Establishment</b>, Vol. 1, p. 232;
Daniel Hayes, Africa died 1732, merchant, director
South Sea Company (Carswell, <b>South Sea Bubble</b>, appendix);
Sir Gilbert Heathcote, Lord Mayor London 1710-1711,
governor of Eastland merchants, co-founder of Bank of England, agent for
Jamaica, West India interests, free trader with New East India Company
(Christie, <b>Non-elite MPs</b>, p. 41, Davies, <b>Royal
Africa Company</b>, index, Melville, <b>South Sea Bubble</b>,
p. 123);
Sir James Modyford, died 1675, governor Jamaica,
Royal Africa Company figure, early career in Turkey trade (Davies,
<b>Royal Africa Company</b>, Burke�s <b>Extinct
Baronetcies</b> for Slanning;
MP Arthur Moore, died 1730, director Old East India
Company, director of South Sea Company and Royal Africa Company, clandestine
trader (Carswell, <b>South Sea Bubble</b>, appendix);
Merchant William Paggen, tobacco and slaves
importer to England , re-exporting both to Europe, circa 1695 (Earle,
<b>Middle Classes</b>, p. 348, Note 70);
MP Henry Parsons, brewer, provisioner to
government, assistant to Royal Africa Company in 1728 (Christie,
<b>Non-elite MPs</b>, p. 48);
Hugh Raymond, shipbuilder, director London
Assurance in 1720 (Carswell, <b>South Sea Company</b>, appendix);
Lord Mayor Sir John Robinson, director East India
Company, deputy-governor Hudson�s Bay Co., noted in Davies, <b>Royal
Africa Company</b>, index.)</font>
<hr>
<p>Follows an impression of Heathcote family
history<br>
Descendants of Progenitor Ralph HEATHCOTE-91715<br>1.
Progenitor Ralph HEATHCOTE-91715<br>See <b>Burke's Peerage and
Baronetage</b> for Heathcote.<br>
sp: Ellen
THOMSON-32531<br>
2. Thomas HEATHCOTE-33290<br>
sp:
Miss NOTKNOWN-33291<br>
3. Gilbert HEATHCOTE-9542
(c.1633;d.1634)<br>
sp: Anne DICKENS-9543<br>
4. Mayor
of New York, Customs collector, Caleb HEATHCOTE Colonel-2577
(c.1700)<br>
sp: Patty (Martha) SMITH -9757<br>
5. Anne
HEATHCOTE-65738<br>
sp: Acting-governor New York James DE LANCEY
of the noted Loyalist family of New York - see his entry in <b>Dictionary
of American Biography</b> - 235 (b.1703;m.1729;d.1760)<br>
6.
James merchant Horse racer DE LANCEY Junior-3523
(b.1732;d.1800)<br>
sp: Margaret ALLEN-51456
(m.1771)<br>
6. Miss DE LANCEY-43462<br>
sp:
Contractor, MP, John WATTS of New York-54976 (c.1775)<br>
6. Julia DE
LANCEY-57303<br>
sp: Capt. Robert TIMPSON 57302
(c.1775)<br>
4. London Lord Mayor 1710-1711. Slaver as invests in Royal
Africa Co? Sir Gilbert HEATHCOTE 22135 (b.1651;d.25 Jan 1733). A London
merchant, Gilbert is self-made man from Chestefield. Master of Vintners Co in
1700. He may have brother Edward and both may be involved in Royal Africa Co.
Gilbert a native of Chesterfield in Derbyshire, London trader in Spanish wines,
agent for Jamaica, trade to Jamaica, West Indies, and East Indies, died in 1733,
reckoned a very wealthy commoner. Gilbert had a fortune estimated at �700,000;
lived in St Swithin's Lane, St Dunstan's In the East. A Whig, he is large
to Jamaica, remitting money to troops there, in EICo trade; a founder of the
revamped EICo; in 1693 re his ship <i>Redbridge</i> he wished
to become a free trader to EICo, told House of Commons so, later Commons
declared against EICo monopoly. Gilbert put �10,000 into New EICo. In 1720
Gilbert is Gov. of Eastland merchants; he once addressed Peter the Great of
Russia in High Dutch re import of tobacco to Russia. He helped found Bank of
England in 1694, was elected to its board of directors; he became gov. of Bank
of England, alder of Walbrook Ward, Lord Mayor about 1710-1711. In 1732 he is
one of the Commissioners for Georgia, and FRS. Known as a highly parsimonious
man. <br> See his own <b>DNB</b> entry; Melville,
<b>South Sea Bubble, p. 123. Davies, <b>Royal Africa
Company</b>, index. His nephew George is Lord mayor in 1742 in V.
Hope's book. See Christie, <b>non-elite MPs</b>, p. 41. His dr in
<b>Burke's Extinct Baronetcies</b> for Sloane of Chelsea. Andreades
on Bank of England, pp. 112ff. (Lt-Col Shakespear had incorrectly mentioned this
Heathcote Lord Mayor of 1710 as William, not Gilbert.) See V. Hope on London
Lords mayor, p. 187, lists.<br>
sp: Hester RAYNER-19856
(b.1682;m.1682)<br>
5. Anne HEATHCOTE-19860<br>
sp:
Steelmaster, South Sea Co., Sir Jacob JACOBSON, (German origins)
-19862<br>
5. John HEATHCOTE Sir, Bart2-85275<br>
sp:
Miss NOTKNOWN-102795<br>
6. Hester HEATHCOTE
wife2-102794<br>
sp: Archibald EDMONSTONE-26731 (b.10 Oct
1717;m.Apr 1778;d.1807)<br>
5. Hesther HEATHCOTE
wife2-114421<br>
sp: William SLOANE-49044<br>
5.
Elizabeth HEATHCOTE-85277<br>
sp: Sigismund Lincolnshire
TRAFFORD Sir-19863<br>
4. Baltic Co. merchant, of Hursley, Samuel
HEATHCOTE Esq-107019 (d.13 Nov 1708)<br>
sp: Mary DAWSON-107020
(m.1691)<br>
5. Mary Of Hackney HEATHCOTE
wife1-85724<br>
sp: Philip (William?) MP YONGE Sir, Bart4-20123
(b.1693;m.30 Jul 1716(Div);d.1755)<br>
5. William MP HEATHCOTE Sir,
Bart1-7753 (b.15 Mar 1693)<br>
sp: Elizabeth PARKER-13891 (m.7
Apr 1720;d.27 Dec 1749)<br>
6. Thomas Of Hants HEATHCOTE Sir,
Bart2-11040 (b.23 Jul 1721)<br>
sp: Elizabeth HINTON wife1-11041
(d.27 Dec 1749)<br>
sp: Anne TOLLETT wife2-32425 (m.30 May
1754;d.1709)<br>
6. Elizabeth cousin HEATHCOTE-12691
(c.1740)<br>
sp: Francis William DRAKE Admiral-12712 (b.22 Aug
1724;m.3 Nov 1763;d.19 Nov 1789)<br>
6. William HEATHCOTE Sir,
Bart2-33282 (c.1754;d.23 Jul 1721)<br>
sp: Elizabeth HINTON
wife1-11041 (m.13 Dec 1742;d.27 Dec 1749)<br>
6. Mary (cousin a
fortune) HEATHCOTE-113464 (d.1812)<br>
sp: Thomas Earl3
Macclesfld Visc Parker PARKER-48082 (b.12 Oct 1732;m.12 Dec 1749;d.9 Feb
1795)<br>
5. Anne HEATHCOTE of Hursley-77963<br>
sp: MP
Francis Tavistock DRAKE Sir, Bart4 -78083 (d.1740)<br>
6. MP Francis
Henry DRAKE Sir, Bart5-11651 (b.1723;d.1794)<br>
6. Admiral Francis
William DRAKE -12712 (b.22 Aug 1724;d.19 Nov 1789) - (Of the family of the famed
mariner Sir Francis Drake)<br>
sp: Elizabeth cousin HEATHCOTE-12691
(c.1740;m.3 Nov 1763)<br>
sp: Miss ONSLOW
wife2-33561<br>
sp: Elizabeth HAYMAN Of
Kent-98977(ends)
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