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Executives in top US collapses made $3.3bn
By Ien Cheng in New York
Published: July 30 2002 20:22 | Last Updated: July 30 2002 20:22

Top executives and directors of the biggest US business collapses amassed billions in 
salary and share sales
while the stock market was still booming, according to a Financial Times survey.

In just three years, they grossed about $3.3bn before their companies went bust, 
having wiped out
hundreds of billions of dollars of shareholder value and nearly 100,000 jobs.

The survey backs the words of Alan Greenspan, US Federal Reserve chairman, who two 
weeks ago attacked
the "infectious greed" that distorted American capitalism during the late 1990s - an 
era in which achieving
long-term corporate success was not necessary for managers to reap vast personal 
rewards.

Among the biggest winners were the former executives of Enron, Global Crossing, and 
WorldCom - the
telecoms giant that last week became the largest ever US bankruptcy.

Executives and directors at these and other failed companies have been attacked by 
politicians and activist
shareholders for making personal fortunes at the expense of their company's long-term 
success.

In the three years from 1999 alone, Ken Lay of Enron grossed $247m while Gary Winnick 
of Global Crossing -
the survey's top-earning baron of bankruptcy - grossed $512m.

Such cases are fuelling Congressional efforts to reform corporate America, most 
notably the accountancy
and corporate fraud reforms that President Bush signed into law on Monday.

The legislation creates a new board to oversee the accounting industry and increases 
penalties for
executives who commit fraud.

Although there is no evidence that any of the executives broke any laws, the sums 
involved have led to calls
for directors to be forced to hand back gains made shortly before companies fail.

Other winners among the barons of bankruptcy include less well-known figures such as 
K.B.Chandrasekhar,
an entrepreneur who founded Exodus Communications and sold more than $131m worth of 
shares before the
company collapsed.

The FT's survey, the first systematic study of executive gain at companies that went 
bankrupt amid the
recent economic downturn, covers the 25 largest US companies to go bust in the past 18 
months. It includes
salaries and proceeds from share sales between 1999 and 2001. Of the 208 executives 
and directors
included in the survey, 52 individuals grossed more than $10m, 31 more than $25m, 16 
more than $50m, and
eight more than $100m.

The survey also examines the often controversial ways in which executives made their 
millions, including
severance and retention bonuses, dividends on shareholdings and forgiven loans.




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