From: "Charles Parker", [EMAIL PROTECTED] <<What I want is the formula so that I can work out if any of my carbine loads exceed it. It would be nice if someone who understood the formula could write it so I could plug it into Excel.>> Muzzle energy in ft/lbs = velocity(ft/sec) squared x bullet weight (grains) divided by 450436 Cybershooters website: http://www.cybershooters.org List admin: [EMAIL PROTECTED] ____________________________________________________________ T O P I C A -- Learn More. Surf Less. Newsletters, Tips and Discussions on Topics You Choose. http://www.topica.com/partner/tag01