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Rosh Kollel: Rabbi Mordecai Kornfeld
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Shevuos 057: Arayos
Barry Epstein <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> asked:
The Sages say that all Arayos are also prohibited to a Noahite. Re the
ones that carry the penalty of kares, can a Cuthean get kares? If not,
what is his punishment?
Barry Epstein, Dallas, USA
----------------------------------------------
The Kollel replies:
A non-Jew can also get Kares. Here is our definition Kares, from Background
to the Daf to Sanhedrin 83:6. (Note that some of the punishments are in
this world as well.)
M. Kornfeld
==========
6) [line 10] ELU SHEB'MISAH (MISAH B'YEDEI SHAMAYIM / KARES)
(a) Some sins are so severe that they are punished with untimely death.
There are two types of untimely death that are used as heavenly
punishments: Kares, and Misah b'Yedei Shamayim. Kares means "being severed"
from the world and dying before one's time. Misah b'Yedei Shamayim means
"death at the hands of heaven." These punishments are not administered by
the courts, but through divinely administered justice.
(b) One who deliberately transgresses a commandment that is punishable with
either Kares or Misah b'Yedei Shamayim is punished even if there are no
witnesses to his act, and even if he was not warned at that time of his
transgression that his violation will result in his untimely death.
(c) The commentaries explain that there are two major differences between
Kares and Misah b'Yedei Shamayim (see TOSFOS to YEVAMOS 2a DH Eshes Achiv;
RABEINU YONAH in Sha'arei Teshuvah, 3:6; TIFERES YISRAEL to Sanhedrin 9:6):
1. One who is punished with Kares will die before age 60 (according to Moed
Katan 28a, or before the age of 50, according to the Yerushalmi Bikurim
2:1). One punished with Misah b'Yedei Shamayim will die after the age of 60
but before his time has come (according to Moed Katan ibid., or before the
age of 60, according to the Yerushalmi ibid.)
2. When one is punished with Kares, even his children (who are minors at
the time of his sin) die, and he bears no further children. When one is
punished with Misah b'Yedei Shamayim, only he is punished and not his
children (Yevamos 55a and RASHI there). (See, however, RIVA in Tosfos to
Yevamos 2a DH Eshes, who maintains that Kares only involves the death of
one's children in the two cases where the Torah adds the word "Ariri."
However, he might be referring to the death of children who are *not* minors.)
3. Some add that when punished with Kares, the sinner's cattle and
possessions slowly expire until he is left destitute -- see Insights to
Yevamos 73:2.
(c) For a number of specific sins, the Torah assigns a form of Kares in
which the sinner not only dies before his time but is not granted a portion
in the World to Come (Sanhedrin 64b).
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