_________________________________________________________________
POINT BY POINT SUMMARY OF THE DAF
prepared by P. Feldman of Kollel Iyun Hadaf
[EMAIL PROTECTED], http://www.dafyomi.co.il
_________________________________________________________________
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
KESUVOS 6-7 - Generously sponsored by Marsha and Lee Weinblatt of Teaneck,
New Jersey. May Hashem bless them with a Kesivah va'Chasimah for a year of
health, prosperity and much Yiddishe Nachas from their wonderful children
and grandchildren.
Help us help you with a $54 yearly membership donation!
Members are mailed R. Kornfeld's yearly Chanukah tape
Donate online: http://www.dafyomi.co.il/sponsors.htm
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Kesuvos 6
1) IS "BI'AH" "RISHONAH" PERMITTED ON "SHABBOS"?
(a) (The house of Rav): Rav permits this, and Shmuel forbids.
(b) (Chachamim of Nehardai): Rav forbids and Shmuel permits.
(c) (Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak): A way to remember this is
that each place is lenient on themselves (each follows
its teacher, and says that its teacher permits).
(d) Question: Rav forbids!
1. (Rav Simi bar Chizkiyah citing Rav): One may not
cram a piece of cloth into the opening of a barrel
of beer to seal it. (This shows that Rav holds like
R. Yehudah. who forbids Davar she'Eino Miskaven,
i.e. squeezing from the cloth.)
(e) Answer: Stuffing the cloth will definitely squeeze;
1. (Abaye and Rava): R. Shimon agrees that a Pesik
Reisha (a case when the result will definitely
happen) is forbidden.
(f) Question: Rav Chiya bar Ashi and R. Chiya bar Avin said
that Rav rules like R. Yehudah, and Rav Chanan bar Ami
said that Shmuel holds like R. Shimon!
(g) Answer: Really, Rav holds like R. Yehudah;
1. According to the version that the blood is stored,
he holds that one ruins the opening;
2. According to the version that the blood is absorbed,
he holds that the wound is destructive.
(h) Question (Rav Chisda - Mishnah): If a girl was married
below (12,) the age at which one normally sees Dam Nidah:
1. Beis Shamai attribute blood seen during Bi'ah on the
first four nights to her Besulim (tokens of
virginity), and she remains permitted;
2. Beis Hillel apply this leniency until the wound
heals.
3. If she was married above this age, Beis Shamai apply
the leniency the first night;
4. Beis Hillel are lenient until Saturday night, four
nights.
6b---------------------------------------6b
5. Suggestion: They permit Bi'ah on Shabbos night, even
if they did not Bi'ah before!
(i) Answer #1 (Rava): No, they are permitted any night except
Shabbos.
(j) Objection (Abaye): 'Until Saturday night, four nights'
includes Shabbos!
(k) Answer #2 (Rava): Rather, the Mishnah discusses when they
had Bi'ah before Shabbos.
(l) Question: If so, what do we learn from 'until Saturday
night'?
(m) Answer: It permits Bi'ah (if it is not the first) on
Shabbos.
1. (Shmuel): One may enter through a narrow opening on
Shabbos, even though he might make pebbles fall (off
the sides, widening the opening).
2) A "CHASAN" IS EXEMPT FROM "KRI'AS" "SHEMA"
(a) Question (Rav Yosef): A Chasan is exempt from Kri'as
Shema the first night, until Saturday night if he has not
had Bi'ah.
1. Suggestion: He is exempt (even on Shabbos) because
he is distracted because he wants to have Bi'ah
(now)!
(b) Answer #1 (Abaye): No, he is troubled that he has not had
Bi'ah.
(c) Objection (Rava): Distress does not exempt from Kri'as
Shema! If it did, one whose ship sank should be exempt!
1. Suggestion: Perhaps this is true!
2. Rejection: Rav taught that a mourner is obliged to
keep all Torah Mitzvos, except for Tefilin, since
they are called "glory".
(d) Answer #2 (Rava): The Tana'im argue about whether or not
Bi'ah Rishonah is allowed on Shabbos (this Tana permits.
Shmuel holds like the other Tana.)
(e) (Beraisa #1): If he did not have Bi'ah on the first
night, he is exempt (from Kri'as Shema) even on the
second. If he did not have Bi'ah on the second night, he
is exempt even on the third (which is Shabbos).
(f) (Beraisa #2): He is exempt the first two nights, and
obligated on the third.
(g) Rebuttal (Abaye): The authors of both Beraisos forbid
Bi'ah. They argue about whether or not distress is an
exemption.
(h) (Rashi explains that the following is according to Rava):
These two Tana'im argue like the following Tana'im.
1. (Beraisa): One who marries a virgin may not have
Bi'ah Rishonah on Shabbos;
2. Chachamim permit it.
3. Question: Who are the Chachamim that permit it?
4. Answer (Rava): They hold like R. Shimon, who permits
Davar she'Eino Miskaven (in this case, wounding or
making an opening).
5. Question (Abaye): R. Shimon agrees that a Pesik
Reisha is forbidden!
6. Answer (Rava): The Beraisa does not discuss
Babylonians, who are unskilled in Hatiyah (tilting
the Ever to avoid breaking the Besulim). It
discusses those skilled in Hatiyah. (For them, it is
not a Pesik Reisha.)
7. Question: If they are skilled, why are they
distracted?
8. Answer: Unskilled men are distracted.
9. Question: Only skilled men should be permitted!
10. Answer: Most men are skilled.
(i) Question (Rava bar Rav Chanan): If most men are skilled,
why do we do Bi'ah Rishonah with a cloth and Shushbinin
(people nearby to ensure that no one will lie about the
presence of Dam Besulim? Tosfos - we ask about Shabbos,
when he must do Hatiyah.)
(j) Answer (Abaye): Perhaps he will (have normal Bi'ah,) find
blood and dispose of it.
(k) Question (Rav Ami): If one opens a scab on Shabbos with
intent to make a (lasting) opening (to let out pus and
let air enter), he is liable. If he wants only to remove
pus, he is exempt (and we hold that it is permitted)!
(l) Answer: Pus in a scab is stored and outside the flesh.
Dam Besulim is stored but partially absorbed in the
flesh.
_________________________________________________________________
POINT BY POINT SUMMARY OF THE DAF
prepared by P. Feldman of Kollel Iyun Hadaf
[EMAIL PROTECTED], http://www.dafyomi.co.il
_________________________________________________________________
Kesuvos 7
1) IS "BI'AH" "RISHONAH" ALLOWED ON "SHABBOS" AND "YOM" "TOV"?
(a) A case occurred in which R. Ami permitted Bi'ah Rishonah
on Shabbos.
(b) Question (Rabanan): A Kesuvah was not written!
(c) Answer (R. Ami): She should seize movable objects (for a
security until he writes a Kesuvah).
(d) Version #1: Rav Zvid permitted Bi'ah Rishonah on Shabbos.
(e) Version #2: Rav Zvid himself had Bi'ah Rishonah on
Shabbos.
(f) Rav Yehudah permitted Bi'ah Rishonah on Yom Tov.
(g) (Rav Papi): He permits even on Shabbos. The case he ruled
about just happened to be on Yom Tov.
(h) (Rav Papa): He permits only Yom Tov, but not Shabbos.
(i) Question (Rav Papi): Do you hold that mi'Toch (since)
wounding is permitted when needed (for food, i.e.
Shechitah), it is also permitted when not needed?
1. If so, it should be permitted to burn incense on Yom
Tov! (Since one may burn for the needs of food, it
should be allowed even when not needed!)
(j) Answer (Rav Papa): "What every person will eat" - the
Torah allows only what is common to all (most) people.
(k) Question (Rav Acha brei d'Rava): If so, one may not
slaughter a deer on Yom Tov, since not all people eat
deer!
(l) Answer (Rav Ashi): Anything that all people enjoy is
allowed. All enjoy deer (just not everyone can afford
it).
(m) (Rav Yakov bar Idi): R. Yochanan was Moreh (ruled) that
one may not have Bi'ah Rishonah on Shabbos.
(n) Question: Is *Hora'ah* an appropriate term for an Isur?
(o) Answer: Yes! A Mishnah says that Beis Hillel were Moreh
(to Hilni ha'Malkah) to observe seven more years of
Nezirus.
1. (Beraisa - Rebbi): If the majority of the spinal
cord was cut (the animal is Tereifah);
2. R. Yakov says, even if it is punctured it is
Tereifah.
3. Rebbi was Moreh like R. Yakov.
4. (Rav Huna): The Halachah does not follow R. Yakov.
(p) (Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak): R. Yochanan forbade Bi'ah
Rishonah on Shabbos.
(q) The Halachah is, Bi'ah Rishonah is allowed on Shabbos.
2) THE DAYS OF "BIRKAS" "CHASANIM"
(a) (Rav Huna): Both a virgin and a widow require a Berachah.
(b) Contradiction: Rav Huna said that a widow does not
require a Berachah!
(c) Answer: For a Bachur (one who was not married before), we
must bless, but not for a widower who marries a widow.
(d) Objection: A Beraisa learns from Boaz and Rus, a widower
and a widow, that we need 10 men for Birkas Chasanim!
(e) Answer: Rav Huna meant that a widow does not need seven
days of Berachah; one day is required.
(f) Question (Beraisa): Chachamim deliberated how to help
Benos Yisrael, so a Chasan will rejoice three days (with
a widow).
1. If he is a Bachur, seven days are required. If he is
a widower, only one is required!
(g) Answer #1: A widower requires one day of Berachah and
three days of Simchah;
(h) Answer #2: A Bachur requires seven days of Berachah and
three days of Simchah.
7b------------------------------------------7b
(i) Question (Beraisa): We bless seven days for a virgin, and
one day for a widow.
1. Assumption: This applies even to a Bachur who
married a widow!
(j) Answer: No, it applies only to a widower.
(k) Question: If you hold that for a Bachur we bless seven
days, it should say that we bless seven days for a virgin
or for a Bachur who married a widow, and one day for a
widow (who marries a widower)!
(l) Answer: The Tana taught a clear-cut law, that every
virgin has seven days of Berachah, and every widow has no
less than one.
3) A "MINYAN" IS NEEDED FOR "BIRKAS" "CHASANIM"
(a) Question (Rav Nachman): What is the source that we need
10 for Birkas Chasanim?
(b) Answer #1 (Rav Nachman): We learn from "He (Boaz) took 10
elders".
(c) Answer #2 (R. Avahu): We learn from "In the congregations
bless Hashem from the source of Yisrael".
1. Rav Nachman uses this latter verse to teach that
even fetuses sang at the splitting of the Red Sea.
2. R. Avahu disagrees, for if so, the verse should have
said 'from the womb'.
(d) R. Avahu learns from the former verse that Boaz assembled
10 to teach that the Torah forbids male converts from
Amon and Mo'av to marry Yisraelim, but permits female
converts;
1. He holds that if 10 were for a Berachah, elders
would not be required.
(e) Question (Rav Nachman): If he gathered them to expound,
he would not need 10!
(f) Answer: He needed 10 to publicize the law;
1. Shmuel gathered 10 people to teach that if one
acquires on behalf of a fetus, the acquisition is
valid.
2. The Halachah does not follow Shmuel.
4) WHERE WE MAKE THE "BERACHOS" OF "CHASANIM" AND "KIDUSHIN"
(a) (Beraisa): We make Birkas Chasanim at the time of Chupah;
(b) R. Yehudah says, we make it even at the time of Kidushin.
(c) (Abaye): This applies in Yehudah, where the Chasan and
Kalah are secluded (during Eirusin (engagement).
(d) (Beraisa): We make Birkas Chasanim at the Chupah, and the
Berachah of Kidushin at the Kidushin.
(e) Question: What is the Berachah of Kidushin?
(f) Answer #1 (Rava bar Rav Ada): It is "... Who commanded us
about incest, and forbade to us Arusos (girls during
Eirusin), and permitted Nesu'os through Chupah and
Kidushin".
(g) Answer #2 (Rav Acha brei d'Rava): We Chosem (end the
Berachah with a Berachah) "Baruch Atah Hashem, who
sanctifies Yisrael through Chupah and Kidushin."
1. Rava bar Rav Ada says we do not Chosem, just like we
do not Chosem the Berachos over foods and Mitzvos.
2. Rav Acha says that we Chosem, just like we Chosem
the Berachah of Kidush.
(h) (Beraisa): We make Birkas Chasanim all seven days with 10
people.
(i) (Rav Yehudah): This is when there are new people at the
meal.
_________________________________________________________________
POINT BY POINT SUMMARY OF THE DAF
prepared by P. Feldman of Kollel Iyun Hadaf
[EMAIL PROTECTED], http://www.dafyomi.co.il
_________________________________________________________________
Kesuvos 8
1) "BIRCHOS" "CHASANIM"
(a) (Rav Yehudah): The Berachos are:
1. "... Who created everything for His honor".
2. "... Who forms man".
3. "... Who formed man in his image... Baruch Atah
Hashem, Who forms man."
4. "Rejoice and make rejoice... Baruch Atah Hashem, Who
gladdens Tziyon with her children."
5. "Be happy, loving companions... Baruch Atah Hashem,
Who gladdens Chasan and Kalah."
6. "... Who created happiness... Baruch Atah Hashem,
Who makes the Chasan rejoice with the Kalah."
(b) Levi came to Rebbi's house at the wedding of R. Shimon,
Rebbi's son; he blessed five of these Berachos (he
omitted 'Yotzer ha'Adam').
(c) Rav Asi came to Rav Ashi's house at the wedding of Rav
Ashi's son Mar; he blessed all six Berachos.
(d) Suggestion: Levi said only one Berachah about Yetzirah
because he holds that there was one Yetzirah (Hashem
formed Adam and Chavah at once). Rav Asi said both of
them because he holds that there were two Yetziros (Adam,
and later Chavah).
(e) Rejection: Both agree that there was only one Yetzirah.
Rav Asi makes two Berachos because Hashem intended to
create two people;
(f) Levi says that we follow the actual Yetzirah, and there
was only one.
1. Contradiction (Rav Yehudah): It says "Hashem created
man in His image", and it says "He created them male
and female"!
2. Answer: He intended to create two. He actually
created one.
2) WHEN WE MAKE "BIRKAS" "CHASANIM"
(a) Rav Ashi came to Rav Kahana's house. The first day he
made all the Berachos.
(b) After the first day, if there were new faces he would
bless all the Berachos. If not, they merely increase
Simchah, so he blessed only "...that joy is in His
dwelling", and "Who created joy..."
(c) From seven days after the wedding until 30, whether or
not the guests were invited due to the wedding, he
blessed "...that joy is in His dwelling".
(d) After 30 days, if the guests were invited due to the
wedding, he blessed "that joy is in His dwelling"; if
not, not.
(e) Question: For how long does one say this when the guests
were invited due to the wedding?
(f) Answer (Rav Papi): He says it for 12 months.
(g) Question: From when does one start saying the Berachah?
(h) Answer (Rav Papa): He starts from when he soaks the
barley (to make beer for the Nisu'in. Alternatively, he
soaks barley to be an omen that the couple will be
fruitful.)
(i) Question: Rav Papa arranged a match for his son and
blessed from the time of the Kidushin!
(j) Answer: Rav Papa is an exception. He had all needs of the
Chupah ready.
(k) Ravina arranged a match for his son into the family of
Rav Chaviva and blessed from the time of the Kidushin.
1. He did so because he was sure that they would not
retract. In the end, they retracted.
(l) Rav Tachlifa went to Bavel and blessed six long Berachos
(he lengthened the first two and was Chosem 'Baruch Atah
Hashem... )' The Halachah does not follow this.
(m) Rav Chaviva went to a meal celebrating a Bris. He blessed
"...that joy is in His dwelling." The Halachah does not
follow this, because people are disturbed that the baby
is in pain.
3) THE "BERACHAH" OF MOURNERS
(a) (Rav): The Chasan counts towards the number (10) needed
to say Birkas Chasanim. Mourners do not count towards the
number needed to say Birkas Avelim.
(b) Question (Beraisa): Chasanim and mourners count.
(c) Answer: Rav is a Tana. He may disagree with a Beraisa.
(d) (R. Yochanan): Chasanim count towards the required
number, but mourners do not.
(e) Question (Beraisa): Chasanim and mourners count.
8b----------------------------------------8b
(f) Answer #1: The Beraisa discusses (Tosfos - Birkas Avelim
said in) Birkas ha'Mazon. R. Yochanan's law applies to
the line of consolers.
(g) Objection: R. Yochanan said that we bless Birkas Chasanim
with 10, and Chasanim count towards the 10. We bless
Birkas Avelim with 10, and mourners do not count towards
the 10.
1. There is no Berachah in the line of consolers!
(h) Answer #2: Rather, R. Yochanan's law applies to the
street (where we give to the mourner his first meal).
(i) Question: R. Yochanan said that we bless Birkas Chasanim
with 10 all seven days, and Chasanim count towards the
10. We bless Birkas Avelim with 10 all seven days, and
mourners do not count towards the 10.
1. Do we bless in the street all seven days?!
(j) Answer: Yes, we bless when new consolers come.
4) THE CONSOLATION OF REISH LAKISH
(a) R. Chiya bar Aba taught the children of Reish Lakish; one
of them died. He did not go the first day to console him.
He went the second day. He told Yehudah bar Nachmani to
say words of consolation.
(b) Yehudah: "From the anger of his children" - when the
parents sin, Hashem is angry at the children, and they
die in childhood.
(c) Some say that an older child died. Yehudah cited "Hashem
will not rejoice on his youths... "
1. (Rav Chanan bar Rav): "... His hand is still
stretched" - all know why a Kalah enters the Chupah,
but if one fouls his mouth by saying something
obscene, even if 70 good years had been decreed for
him, they are changed for evil.
(d) Question: This is not consolation. These words provoke
pain!
(e) Answer: He meant 'you (Reish Lakish) are worthy to bear
the punishments fitting to come on the generation.'
(f) R. Chiya bar Aba: Discuss the praise of Hashem.
(g) Yehudah: "The great G-d... Baruch Atah Hashem, Who
revives the dead."
(h) R. Chiya bar Aba: Address the mourners.
(i) Yehudah: Our afflicted brothers, put your hearts to
investigate this... many drank (the cup of afflictions),
and many will drink. The drinking of the later ones will
resemble the drinking of the first ones... Blessed is He
Who consoles mourners.
(j) (Abaye): One should say 'many drank', but not 'many will
drink.' One should say 'the drinking of the first ones',
but not 'the drinking of the later ones'.
1. (Reish Lakish): A person should not suggest to the
Satan (that he is worthy to be punished).
2. (Rav Yosef): He learns from "We were like Sodom."
Hashem replied "Hear the word of Hashem, officers of
Sodom".
(k) R. Chiya bar Aba: Speak about the praise of the
consolers.
(l) Yehudah: Our brothers, bestowers of Chesed, children of
bestowers of Chesed... Baruch Atah Hashem, Who pays
reward.
(m) R. Chiya bar Aba: Speak on behalf of all of Yisrael.
(n) Yehudah: Master of the worlds, redeem and save Your
nation Yisrael from pestilence, sword,... Baruch Atah
Hashem, Who stops the plague.
5) THE CUPS OF CONSOLATION
(a) (Ula): It was enacted that the mourner drink 10 cups of
wine: three before the meal, to open his intestines (to
help him to eat); three during the meal, to digest the
food; and four after the meal, corresponding to the four
Berachos of Birkas ha'Mazon.
(b) They added four more cups, corresponding to community
servants, leaders of the city (both of these used to
assist in burials), the Beis ha'Mikdash, and R. Gamliel.
(c) This led to drunkenness, so they returned to the former
enactment (10 cups).
(d) Question: Why was a Berachah enacted corresponding to R.
Gamliel?
(e) Answer (Beraisa): It used to be that the expense of
burial pained the mourners more than the loss (because
everyone used to buy expensive shrouds). Mourners would
abandon the deceased and flee! R. Gamliel (the Nasi)
buried his Mes in simple linen shrouds, and everyone
followed his example.
(f) (Rav Papa): Today the custom is to make shrouds of hemp,
which cost only a Zuz.
_________________________________________________________________
POINT BY POINT SUMMARY OF THE DAF
prepared by P. Feldman of Kollel Iyun Hadaf
[EMAIL PROTECTED], http://www.dafyomi.co.il
_________________________________________________________________
Kesuvos 9
1) THE CLAIM OF "PESACH" "PASU'ACH"
(a) (R. Elazar): If a Chasan claims Pesach Pasu'ach (there
were no Besulim blocking Bi'ah with the Kalah, i.e. she
was not a virgin) he is believed, and she becomes
forbidden to him (we suspect that she had Bi'ah with
someone after Kidushin).
(b) Question: She should be permitted due a Sefek-Sefeka (two
doubts)!
1. Perhaps the Bi'ah was before Kidushin;
2. Even if the Bi'ah was after Kidushin, perhaps she
was forced against her will.
(c) Answer #1: R. Elazar's law applies to a Kohen's wife, who
becomes forbidden to her husband even if she was forced.
(d) Answer #2: His law applies to a girl who became
Mekudeshes (through her father) before the age of three
(Bi'ah was definitely after the Kidushin, for otherwise
the Besulim would have grown back).
(e) Question: A Mishnah already teaches this (that if one
says that something is forbidden to him, he is forbidden,
even if he is contradicted)!
1. (Mishnah): If one says to a woman 'I was Mekadesh
you to me' and she denies it, he may not marry her
relatives, but she may marry his relatives.
(f) Answer: In that Mishnah he certainly knows the truth. We
cannot learn from it R. Elazar's law, for one might have
thought that a man cannot tell whether or not the Pesach
was Pasu'ach.
(g) Question: R. Elazar taught otherwise!
1. (R. Elazar): A woman becomes forbidden to her
husband only through Kinuy (warning not to be
secluded with a particular man) and seclusion, like
the episode (of David and Bas Sheva).
2. Objection: This cannot be correct. There was no
Kinuy and seclusion in that episode! Also, she did
not become forbidden!
3. Correction: R. Elazar meant, we learn that a woman
becomes forbidden only through Kinuy and seclusion
*from* the episode, in which there was not Kinuy and
seclusion, and she did not become forbidden.
4. Summation of question: How can R. Elazar say that a
claim of Pesach Pasu'ach forbids? This is not Kinuy
and seclusion!
(h) Counter-question: Do you think that R. Elazar says (she
can become forbidden) only through Kinuy and seclusion,
but not through witnesses (of Bi'ah)?!
(i) Retraction: R. Elazar's other teaching says 'a woman
becomes forbidden through two witnesses. If there were
(two witnesses about) Kinuy and seclusion, even one
witness (of Bi'ah forbids her permanently, and she may
not drink the Sotah water);
1. A claim of Pesach Pasu'ach is like two witnesses.
2) THE EPISODE
(a) Question: Why didn't Bas Sheva become forbidden in the
episode?
(b) Answer #1: She was forced.
9b--------------------------------------9b
(c) Answer #2 (Rav Shmuel bar Nachmani): Everyone who went to
war in David's army wrote a Get (document of divorce) to
his wife.
1. (Rav Yosef): "Take Arubasam" - these are things
between man and wife (i.e. marriage, which is taken
(removed) through a Get).
3) THE CLAIM OF "PESACH" "PASU'ACH"
(a) Support (for R. Elazar - Abaye - Mishnah): A virgin is
married on Wednesday.
1. Inference: She is not married on Thursday. We are
concerned lest the Chasan calm down (and not come to
Beis Din).
2. Question: If we are concerned lest he pay a Kesuvah
(which she does not deserve), let him pay it! (It is
his fault for calming down!)
3. Rejection: Rather, the enactment was in order that
he come to Beis Din and we will rule that she is
forbidden to him.
4. Suggestion: The case is, he claims Pesach Pasu'ach!
(b) Rejection: No, he claims that there was no blood. (Only
this claim forbids, for one does not err about this.)
(c) (Rav Yehudah): One who claims Pesach Pasu'ach is believed
to deprive her of her Kesuvah.
(d) Question (Rav Yosef): We already know this from a
Mishnah!
1. (Mishnah): One who eats by his father-in-law in
Yehudah without witnesses cannot claim later that
the Kalah is not a virgin, since he was secluded
with her.
2. Inference: In Galil (where they are not secluded) he
may make such a claim.
i. If the claim is to forbid her to him, it should
apply also in Yehudah!
3. Rather, the claim is to deprive her of her Kesuvah.
4. Suggestion: He claims Pesach Pasu'ach.
(e) Answer: No, the claim is that there was no blood.
_________________________________________________________________
POINT BY POINT SUMMARY OF THE DAF
prepared by P. Feldman of Kollel Iyun Hadaf
[EMAIL PROTECTED], http://www.dafyomi.co.il
_________________________________________________________________
Kesuvos 10
1) IS "KESUVAH" "MID'ORAISA" OR "MID'RABANAN"?
(a) (Rav Nachman): Chachamim enacted that a virgin gets a
Kesuvah of 200 Zuz and a widow gets a Kesuvah of 100.
They also enacted that if he claims Pesach Pasu'ach, he
is believed.
(b) Question: If so, the enactment does not help! (Every
Chasan can exempt himself.)
(c) Answer (Rava): We have a Chazakah (a law of human nature)
that a person does not toil to make a feast and spoil it
(i.e. make a false claim and divorce her immediately).
(d) (Beraisa #1): Since it is a fine of the Chachamim, she
collects only from Ziburis (lowest quality land).
(e) Objection: The Kesuvah is not a fine!
(f) Retraction: Rather, since it is an enactment of the
Chachamim, she collects only from Ziburis.
(g) (Seifa - R. Shimon ben Gamliel): The Kesuvah is a Torah
concept.
(h) Question: This contradicts what he said in a Beraisa!
1. (Beraisa #2): "Money... like the Mohar of virgins"
teaches that the Mohar (Kesuvah) of a virgin should
be like the fine for a seducer, 50 Shekalim. This
was Chachamim's source in the Torah for the Kesuvah;
2. R. Shimon ben Gamliel says, the Kesuvah is only
mid'Rabanan.
(i) Answer #1: We must switch the opinions in Beraisa #2.
1. Question: Why don't we switch the opinions in
Beraisa #1?
2. Answer: Elsewhere, we find that R. Shimon ben
Gamliel says that the Kesuvah is mid'Oraisa.
i. (Mishnah - R. Shimon ben Gamliel): One pays the
Kesuvah with coins of Keputkiya (which are
larger).
(j) Answer #2: The entire second Beraisa is R. Shimon ben
Gamliel. It reads as follows:
1. This is the support that Kesuvah is mid'Oraisa. The
Kesuvah of a widow is only mid'Rabanan, like R.
Shimon ben Gamliel says.
2) CASES OF CLAIMS OF "PESACH" "PASU'ACH"
(a) A man came to Rav Nachman and claimed Pesach Pasu'ach.
(b) Rav Nachman: Lash him with date branches! If he knows
this, he must be regular with the harlots of the city!
(c) Question: But Rav Nachman said that a man is believed to
say that the opening was open!
(d) Answer #1: He is believed, and he is lashed.
(e) Answer #2 (Rav Ashi): If he was previously married he is
believed. If not, he is lashed..
(f) A man came to R. Gamliel and claimed Pesach Pasu'ach.
(g) Version #1 - R. Gamliel: Perhaps you did Hatiyah.
1. This is comparable to a man walking in the dark (and
he came to his door. There was an obstruction that
did not allow the door to open.) If he tilted the
obstruction to the side, he will find the door open.
If not, he will find it locked.
(h) Version #2 - R. Gamliel: Perhaps you intentionally did
Hatiyah and uprooted the door and the bolt!
1. This is comparable to a man walking in the dark. If
he intentionally aside the obstruction, he will find
the door open. If not, he will find it locked.
3) CASES WHERE NO BLOOD WAS FOUND
(a) A man came to R. Gamliel and said that he had Bi'ah
Rishonah, and there was no blood.
(b) The Kalah: I was a virgin!
(c) R. Gamliel inspected the cloth, soaked and washed it, and
founds drops of blood. He told the man that she was a
virgin.
1. Suggestion (Huna Mar brei d'Rava mi'Parzika): We
should do similarly!
10b-------------------------------------10b
2. Rejection (Rav Ashi): Our ironing (in Bavel) is like
their washing (in Eretz Yisrael, but our washing is
inferior to theirs. Perhaps the blood will not be
found.)
3. Suggestion: We can iron the cloth (this is like
washing in Eretz Yisrael)!
4. Rejection: This will remove the blood.
(d) A man came to R. Gamliel bar Rebbi and said that he had
Bi'ah Rishonah, and there was no blood.
(e) The Kalah: I am still a virgin!
(f) R. Gamliel bar Rebbi brought two slaves, a virgin and a
non-virgin. He put them on top of a barrel of wine. One
could smell the wine through the mouth of the non-virgin,
but not from the mouth of the virgin.
1. The Kalah went on top of the barrel. The wine could
not be smelled through her mouth. R. Gamliel told
the man that she is a virgin.
(g) Question: Why didn't he test only the Kalah?
(h) Answer: He had heard about the test, but had never seen
it done, and was unsure if he properly understood it. It
is not proper to disgrace Benos Yisrael.
(i) A man came to R. Gamliel the elder and said that he had
Bi'ah Rishonah, and there was no blood.
(j) The Kalah: I am from the family of Dorketi. We do not
have menstrual or virginal blood!
(k) R. Gamliel found that this was true. He told the man that
he was fortunate to get a girl from the family of
Dorketi.
1. Question: Why is the family called 'Dorketi'?
2. Answer: It is a Dor Katu'a (cut off).
(l) R. Chanina: R. Gamliel gave the man false consolation!
1. (R. Chiya): Just like sourdough is good for
(fermenting) a dough, so blood is good for a woman.
2. (R. Meir): A woman with much blood will have many
children.
(m) (R. Yirmiyah bar Aba): R. Gamliel said 'acquire your
(good) purchase'.
(n) (R. Yosi bar Avin): he said 'you made a bad purchase'.
(o) Question: We understand why he would say that it was a
bad purchase, for she is not fitting for children. But
according to R. Yirmiyah, why did he consider it a good
acquisition?
(p) Answer: He will not be in doubt whether or not his wife
is a Nidah.
(q) A man came to Rebbi and said that there was no blood from
Bi'ah Rishonah.
(r) The Kalah: I am still a virgin!
(s) It was a time of famine. Rebbi bathed them and gave them
to eat and drink. They had Bi'ah again, and there was
blood. "Their skin stuck to their bones, it was as dry as
wood".
4) THE "KESUVAH" OF A WIDOW
(a) (Mishnah): The Kesuvah of a virgin is 200 Zuz. That of a
widow is 100. If a virgin was widowed, divorced or did
Chalitzah from Eirusin, her Kesuvah is 200, and there is
Ta'anas Besulim.
(b) (Gemara - Rav Chana Bagdata'ah): A widow is called an
*Almanah* because her Kesuvah is a Manah (100 Zuz).
(c) Question: The Kesuvah of a widow from Eirusin is 200!
(d) Answer: Since we call a widow from Nisu'in Almanah, also
a widow from Eirusin is called Almanah.
(e) Question: Why does it say "Almanah" in the Torah?
(Mid'Oraisa, a widow has no Kesuvah!)
(f) Answer: It is because Chachamim would later make this
enactment.
(g) Question: Would the Torah give a name based on the
future?
(h) Yes! Rav Yosef taught a Beraisa that says that "The
Chidekel River... to the east of *Ashur*" refers to the
city of Slika, which was built later.
(i) (Rav Chana Bagdata'ah): Rain does the following: waters,
satiates, fertilizes, rejuvenates, and extends;
(j) (Rava bar R. Yishmael): He learns from "Telameha Rave
Naches..." (David requested that Hashem send rain, which
does all of these).
(k) (R. Elazar): The MiZBe'aCH is MeZi'aCH, MeZin, MeCHaVev,
and MeCHaper (diverts (sins), feeds, endears, and
atones).
1. Question: Diverting (sins) is the same as atoning!
2. Answer: It diverts harsh decrees.
(l) (Rav Chana Bagdata'ah): Dates warm (people), satiate,
promote bowel movement, invigorate, but do not make one
finicky.
(m) (Rav): One who ate dates may not give Hora'ah (a Halachic
ruling, for dates befuddle).
(n) Question (Beraisa): Dates are good in the morning and
evening. They are bad in the afternoon. They are
unmatched at noon. They overcome three things: bad
thoughts (worry), and sicknesses of the intestines and
abdomen.
(o) Answer #1: Rav did not say that dates are not good. They
are good, just they temporarily befuddle, just like wine;
1. One who drinks a Revi'is of wine may not give
Hora'ah.
(p) Answer #2: Dates are bad before eating bread, but good
after bread.
1. (Abaye): My (surrogate) mother told me that dates
before bread are like an axe to a date tree. After
bread they are like a bolt to a door.
(q) (Rava): DaSHa (door) is an acronym for Derech SHam (there
is the way). DaRGa (ladder) is an acronym for DeRech Gag
(a way to the roof).
(r) (Rav Papa): PuRiya (bed) is an acronym for Parim u'Ravim
(people procreate) on it.
(s) (Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak): Ailonis (a girl who does not
develop like a normal female) is based on Ayil (a male
ram, that does not bear children).
>>><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><<<
The *D*AFYOMI *A*DVANCEMENT *F*ORUM, brought to you by Kollel Iyun Hadaf
Write to us at [EMAIL PROTECTED] or visit us at http://www.dafyomi.co.il
Fax(US): (206) 202-0323; Fax(Isr): (02) 591-6024; Tel(Isr): (02) 651-5004
_______________________________________________
Daf-points mailing list
[email protected]
http://mailman.shemayisrael.com/mailman/listinfo/daf-points_shemayisrael.co.il
