“New forms of anti-air defense seemed essential to the British Air Ministry, 
and in 1935 the Ministry’s Directory of Scientific Research established a 
Committee for the Scientific Survey of Air Defense, to be led by Professor 
Henry T. Tizard. The Air Ministry charged the committee of eminent scientist to 
evaluate all possible ideas and technologies, both old and new, that might be 
employed in the aerial defense of Great Britain. A death ray was one of the old 
ideas. For example, H.G. Wells in his 1897 War of the Worlds wrote of the 
invading Martians wielding a death ray. The board realized the concept was 
outlandish, but their task was to explore any possibility, and only after 
scientifically verifying lack of merit would they discount an idea. 

As a consequence, in January 1935 Dr. Robert A Watson-Watt, Superintendent of 
the National Physical Laboratory’s Radio Research Department at Slough, 
England, issued a task to Arnold F. Wilkins, the laboratory’s Scientific 
Officer. Wilkins’ assignment was to calculate whether enough power could be 
concentrated in a radio beam to incapacitate a bomber pilot by making his blood 
boil (that is, a death ray). Wilkins’ calculations confirmed that the concept 
was out of the question, even if only enough heating was required to raise a 
person’s blood temperature to high-fever level. (If you have doubts that radio 
waves can warm you at all, consider your microwave oven.) Wilkins could have 
dropped the question there and gone back to work. 

But Wilkins remembered talking to British Post Office Engineers in 1931 and 
1932 when they were experimenting with a communication system to link the 
Scottish islands with the mainland. They told him of the nuisance caused by 
radio waves reflected from passing airplanes that disrupted their experiments. 
Wilkins remarked to Watson-Watt that if the Air Ministry wished to use radio 
energy as a defense against bombers, they might consider using radio waves 
reflected from the skin of bombers for advance warning. In a few quick 
calculations he showed Watson-Watt that existing transmitter and receiver 
technology could create and detect reflected radio energy at tens of miles.” 

“When Computers Went to Sea” by David Boslaugh

Remember this story every time someone asks you to investigate something 
ridiculous. Wilkins could have done his job and gone back to his crossword but 
he spent the extra five minutes and in exchange we didn’t lose the air battle. 
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