I tried to implement the example from step 15, but using MPI, so that I can 
get a better grasp on how to write such programs. My residual calculation 
looks quite similar to the original:

                const QGauss<dim> quadrature_formula(fe.degree+1); 
FEValues<dim> 
fe_values (fe, quadrature_formula,
 update_gradients |
 update_quadrature_points |
 update_JxW_values);
 

 const unsigned int dofs_per_cell = fe.dofs_per_cell;
 const unsigned int n_q_points = quadrature_formula.size();
 

 Vector<double> cell_residual (dofs_per_cell);
 std::vector<Tensor<1, dim> > gradients(n_q_points);
 

 std::vector<types::global_dof_index> local_dof_indices (dofs_per_cell);
 

 print_status_update(std::string("Starting looping over cells in residual\n"
), false);
 for (auto cell = dof_handler.begin_active(); cell!=dof_handler.end(); ++
cell)
 {
 if(cell->is_locally_owned())
 {
 cell_residual = 0;
 fe_values.reinit (cell);
 
 fe_values.get_function_gradients (evaluation_point,
 gradients);
 

 

 for (unsigned int q_point=0; q_point<n_q_points; ++q_point)
 {
 const double coeff = 1/std::sqrt(1 +
 gradients[q_point] *
 gradients[q_point]);
 

 for (unsigned int i = 0; i < dofs_per_cell; ++i)
 cell_residual(i) -= (fe_values.shape_grad(i, q_point)
 * coeff
 * gradients[q_point]
 * fe_values.JxW(q_point));
 }
 

 cell->get_dof_indices (local_dof_indices);
 hanging_node_constraints.distribute_local_to_global(cell_residual, 
local_dof_indices, residual);
 }
 }

 

 residual.compress(VectorOperation::add);//Have to call it after 
"distribute_local_to_global
 print_status_update(std::string("Setting boundary dofs in residual 
calculation\n"), true);
 std::vector<bool> boundary_dofs (dof_handler.n_locally_owned_dofs());
 DoFTools::extract_boundary_dofs (dof_handler,
 ComponentMask(),
 boundary_dofs);
 print_status_update(std::string("Boundary dofs extracted\n"), true);
 print_status_update(std::string("Residual size is " + std::to_string(
residual.size()) + " and boundary dofs size is " + std::to_string(
boundary_dofs.size()) + "\n"), true);
 for (unsigned int i=0; i<dof_handler.n_locally_owned_dofs(); ++i)
 if (boundary_dofs[i] == true)
 residual(i) = 0;
 residual.compress(VectorOperation::insert);//Have to call it after setting 
the boundary elements
 

 print_status_update(std::string("Returning l2 norm: " + std::to_string(
residual.l2_norm()) + "\n"), true);//Crash here
 // At the end of the function, we return the norm of the residual:
 return residual.l2_norm();


At the noted line (when trying to access the l2_norm) I get the error
ERROR: Uncaught exception in MPI_InitFinalize on proc 0. Skipping 
MPI_Finalize() to avoid a deadlock. 


---------------------------------------------------- 
Exception on processing:  
 
-------------------------------------------------------- 
An error occurred in line <1774> of file </opt/dealII/include/deal.II/lac/
trilinos_vector.h> in function 
    dealii::TrilinosWrappers::MPI::Vector::real_type dealii::
TrilinosWrappers::MPI::Vector::l2_norm() const 
The violated condition was:  
    ierr == 0 
Additional information:  
    An error with error number -1 occurred while calling a Trilinos function 
-------------------------------------------------------- 
 
Aborting! 
---------------------------------------------------- 
ERROR: Uncaught exception in MPI_InitFinalize on proc 1. Skipping 
MPI_Finalize() to avoid a deadlock. 
 
 
---------------------------------------------------- 
Exception on processing:  
 
-------------------------------------------------------- 
An error occurred in line <1774> of file </opt/dealII/include/deal.II/lac/
trilinos_vector.h> in function 
    dealii::TrilinosWrappers::MPI::Vector::real_type dealii::
TrilinosWrappers::MPI::Vector::l2_norm() const 
The violated condition was:  
    ierr == 0 
Additional information:  
    An error with error number -1 occurred while calling a Trilinos function 
-------------------------------------------------------- 
 
Aborting! 
---------------------------------------------------- 
------------------------------------------------------- 
Primary job  terminated normally, but 1 process returned 
a non-zero exit code.. Per user-direction, the job has been aborted. 
------------------------------------------------------- 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
mpirun detected that one or more processes exited with non-zero status, 
thus causing 
the job to be terminated. The first process to do so was: 
 
  Process name: [[51822,1],0] 
  Exit code:    1 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

if running with more than one node (it works fine with one node).
I already know that I have to call l2_norm() in all the nodes I am running 
(as stated here: 
https://www.dealii.org/8.4.0/doxygen/deal.II/classTrilinosWrappers_1_1MPI_1_1Vector.html),
 
and that I should call "compress()" before doing so, after I am setting 
certain elements in the vector, in order to prevent an MPI error (as 
described 
here: 
https://www.dealii.org/8.4.0/doxygen/deal.II/classTrilinosWrappers_1_1MPI_1_1Vector.html
 
and 
here: 
https://www.dealii.org/8.4.0/doxygen/deal.II/classTrilinosWrappers_1_1VectorBase.html#af7b7a23734c0202578e8dd1421e8af5b).
 
But nevertheless I still get that error. Which point did I forget?

Thanks!

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