thank you for your response, Prof. Wolfgang Bangerth. 

In Step-24, I encountered numerical dispersion in my wave equation 
simulations at the beginning. I understand that this issue can often be 
mitigated by refining the mesh and reducing the time step. However, in the 
results of Step-89, even with a relatively coarse mesh, the numerical 
dispersion seems much smaller. It also appears that higher-order 
interpolation is applied, which is more in line with my expectations. 

What I would like to understand is why Step-89 gives better results than 
Step-24. As mentioned earlier, in Step-24, the results appear to resemble 
linear interpolation, even though I used third-order finite elements. In 
contrast, Step-89 seems to produce results that behave more like 
higher-order interpolation. Additionally, I’ve noticed that the parameters 
of the `build_patches` function seem to have a significant impact on the 
output, which might explain some of the differences. 

If my question is still unclear or confusing, I completely understand and I 
appreciate your time. Please feel free to ignore it if it’s not clear. I 
can reduce the time step as much as possible to minimize numerical 
dispersion. 

在2024年11月30日星期六 UTC+8 23:48:02<Wolfgang Bangerth> 写道:

> On 11/29/24 22:10, meng deng wrote:
> > I trid the same initial value in step-24 as step-89, but step-89 is 
> smoother 
> > than step-24, and step-89 needs less grids. I also set the fe.degree -> 
> 3.
>
> Meng,
> can you explain in more detail what it is you tried, and how the result 
> you 
> get differs from your expectation? I have to admit that I do not 
> understand 
> from your message (or the follow-up) what it is you ask about.
>
> Best
> WB
>

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