There were some unrelated issues with using the Ubuntu version on Debian, so I took the patch and added it to the official Debian source package. It applies and builds cleanly, and works well as far as I can tell. I've attached it here.

I think it's safe to include this patch from a stability standpoint, because even if there are problems, the acceleration can be enabled and disabled in about:config and defaults to off anyway.
Description: Enables using VA-API hardware acceleration in Linux. The patch for bpf_gpu_policy_linux.cc initially came from https://codereview.chromium.org/15955009/diff/92001/content/common/sandbox_linux/bpf_gpu_policy_linux.cc.

Index: beta.wily/content/common/gpu/media/gpu_video_decode_accelerator.cc
===================================================================
--- beta.wily.orig/content/common/gpu/media/gpu_video_decode_accelerator.cc	2015-07-17 00:25:47.768347000 -0400
+++ beta.wily/content/common/gpu/media/gpu_video_decode_accelerator.cc	2015-07-17 00:25:47.762347078 -0400
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 #include "content/common/gpu/media/dxva_video_decode_accelerator.h"
 #elif defined(OS_MACOSX)
 #include "content/common/gpu/media/vt_video_decode_accelerator.h"
-#elif defined(OS_CHROMEOS)
+#elif defined(OS_CHROMEOS) || defined(OS_LINUX)
 #if defined(USE_V4L2_CODEC)
 #include "content/common/gpu/media/v4l2_device.h"
 #include "content/common/gpu/media/v4l2_slice_video_decode_accelerator.h"
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@
 scoped_ptr<media::VideoDecodeAccelerator>
 GpuVideoDecodeAccelerator::CreateVaapiVDA() {
   scoped_ptr<media::VideoDecodeAccelerator> decoder;
-#if defined(OS_CHROMEOS) && defined(ARCH_CPU_X86_FAMILY)
+#if (defined(OS_CHROMEOS) || defined(OS_LINUX)) && defined(ARCH_CPU_X86_FAMILY)
   decoder.reset(new VaapiVideoDecodeAccelerator(
       make_context_current_, base::Bind(&GpuVideoDecodeAccelerator::BindImage,
                                         base::Unretained(this))));
Index: beta.wily/content/content_common.gypi
===================================================================
--- beta.wily.orig/content/content_common.gypi	2015-07-17 00:25:47.768347000 -0400
+++ beta.wily/content/content_common.gypi	2015-07-17 00:25:47.762347078 -0400
@@ -824,7 +824,7 @@
         },
       ],
     }],
-    ['chromeos==1', {
+    ['chromeos==1 or desktop_linux==1', {
       'sources': [
         'common/gpu/media/accelerated_video_decoder.h',
         'common/gpu/media/h264_decoder.cc',
@@ -873,7 +873,7 @@
         'common/gpu/media/tegra_v4l2_device.h',
       ],
     }],
-    ['target_arch != "arm" and chromeos == 1', {
+    ['target_arch != "arm" and (chromeos == 1 or desktop_linux == 1)', {
       'dependencies': [
         '../media/media.gyp:media',
         '../third_party/libyuv/libyuv.gyp:libyuv',
Index: beta.wily/content/content_gpu.gypi
===================================================================
--- beta.wily.orig/content/content_gpu.gypi	2015-07-17 00:25:47.768347000 -0400
+++ beta.wily/content/content_gpu.gypi	2015-07-17 00:25:47.762347078 -0400
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
         ],
       },
     }],
-    ['target_arch!="arm" and chromeos == 1', {
+    ['target_arch!="arm" and (chromeos == 1 or desktop_linux == 1)', {
       'include_dirs': [
         '<(DEPTH)/third_party/libva',
       ],
Index: beta.wily/content/content_tests.gypi
===================================================================
--- beta.wily.orig/content/content_tests.gypi	2015-07-17 00:25:47.768347000 -0400
+++ beta.wily/content/content_tests.gypi	2015-07-17 00:25:47.763347065 -0400
@@ -1652,7 +1652,7 @@
           },
         ]
     }],
-    ['chromeos==1 and target_arch != "arm"', {
+    ['(chromeos==1 or desktop_linux==1) and target_arch != "arm"', {
       'targets': [
           {
             'target_name': 'vaapi_jpeg_decoder_unittest',
Index: beta.wily/content/public/common/content_switches.cc
===================================================================
--- beta.wily.orig/content/public/common/content_switches.cc	2015-07-17 00:25:47.768347000 -0400
+++ beta.wily/content/public/common/content_switches.cc	2015-07-17 00:25:47.763347065 -0400
@@ -960,7 +960,7 @@
 // Disable web audio API.
 const char kDisableWebAudio[]               = "disable-webaudio";
 
-#if defined(OS_CHROMEOS)
+#if defined(OS_CHROMEOS) || defined(OS_LINUX)
 // Disables panel fitting (used for mirror mode).
 const char kDisablePanelFitting[]           = "disable-panel-fitting";
 
Index: beta.wily/content/public/common/content_switches.h
===================================================================
--- beta.wily.orig/content/public/common/content_switches.h	2015-07-17 00:25:47.768347000 -0400
+++ beta.wily/content/public/common/content_switches.h	2015-07-17 00:25:47.764347052 -0400
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@
 
 CONTENT_EXPORT extern const char kDisableWebAudio[];
 
-#if defined(OS_CHROMEOS)
+#if defined(OS_CHROMEOS) || defined(OS_LINUX)
 CONTENT_EXPORT extern const char kDisablePanelFitting[];
 CONTENT_EXPORT extern const char kDisableVaapiAcceleratedVideoEncode[];
 #endif
Index: beta.wily/media/media.gyp
===================================================================
--- beta.wily.orig/media/media.gyp	2015-07-17 00:25:47.768347000 -0400
+++ beta.wily/media/media.gyp	2015-07-17 00:25:47.764347052 -0400
@@ -701,7 +701,7 @@
           ],
         }],
         # For VaapiVideoEncodeAccelerator.
-        ['target_arch != "arm" and chromeos == 1', {
+        ['target_arch != "arm" and (chromeos == 1 or desktop_linux == 1)', {
           'sources': [
             'filters/h264_bitstream_buffer.cc',
             'filters/h264_bitstream_buffer.h',
Index: beta.wily/gpu/config/software_rendering_list_json.cc
===================================================================
--- beta.wily.orig/gpu/config/software_rendering_list_json.cc	2015-07-17 00:25:47.768347000 -0400
+++ beta.wily/gpu/config/software_rendering_list_json.cc	2015-07-17 00:25:47.764347052 -0400
@@ -475,17 +475,6 @@
       ]
     },
     {
-      "id": 48,
-      "description": "Accelerated video decode is unavailable on Linux",
-      "cr_bugs": [137247],
-      "os": {
-        "type": "linux"
-      },
-      "features": [
-        "accelerated_video_decode"
-      ]
-    },
-    {
       "id": 49,
       "description": "NVidia GeForce GT 650M can cause the system to hang with flash 3D",
       "cr_bugs": [140175],
@@ -1034,6 +1023,11 @@
             "op": ">=",
             "value": "3.0"
           }
+        },
+        {
+          "os": {
+            "type": "linux"
+          }
         }
       ],
       "features": [
Index: beta.wily/content/common/sandbox_linux/bpf_gpu_policy_linux.cc
===================================================================
--- beta.wily.orig/content/common/sandbox_linux/bpf_gpu_policy_linux.cc	2015-07-17 00:25:47.768347000 -0400
+++ beta.wily/content/common/sandbox_linux/bpf_gpu_policy_linux.cc	2015-07-17 00:25:47.765347039 -0400
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 #include "base/logging.h"
 #include "base/memory/scoped_ptr.h"
 #include "build/build_config.h"
+// Auto-generated for dlopen libva libraries
+#include "content/common/gpu/media/va_stubs.h"
 #include "content/common/sandbox_linux/sandbox_bpf_base_policy_linux.h"
 #include "content/common/sandbox_linux/sandbox_seccomp_bpf_linux.h"
 #include "content/common/set_process_title.h"
@@ -31,6 +33,8 @@
 #include "sandbox/linux/syscall_broker/broker_file_permission.h"
 #include "sandbox/linux/syscall_broker/broker_process.h"
 #include "sandbox/linux/system_headers/linux_syscalls.h"
+#include "third_party/libva/va/va.h"
+#include "third_party/libva/va/va_x11.h"
 
 using sandbox::arch_seccomp_data;
 using sandbox::bpf_dsl::Allow;
@@ -40,6 +44,11 @@
 using sandbox::syscall_broker::BrokerProcess;
 using sandbox::SyscallSets;
 
+using content_common_gpu_media::kModuleVa;
+using content_common_gpu_media::kModuleVa_x11;
+using content_common_gpu_media::InitializeStubs;
+using content_common_gpu_media::StubPathMap;
+
 namespace content {
 
 namespace {
@@ -94,7 +103,7 @@
 
 bool IsAcceleratedVaapiVideoEncodeEnabled() {
   bool accelerated_encode_enabled = false;
-#if defined(OS_CHROMEOS)
+#if defined(OS_CHROMEOS) || defined(OS_LINUX)
   const base::CommandLine& command_line =
       *base::CommandLine::ForCurrentProcess();
   accelerated_encode_enabled =
@@ -295,23 +304,41 @@
     // inside the sandbox, so preload them now.
     if (IsAcceleratedVaapiVideoEncodeEnabled() ||
         IsAcceleratedVideoDecodeEnabled()) {
-      const char* I965DrvVideoPath = NULL;
+      VLOG(1) << "Attempting to enable hardware video acceleration.";
+      StubPathMap paths;
+      paths[kModuleVa].push_back("libva.so.1");
+      paths[kModuleVa_x11].push_back("libva-x11.so.1");
+      if (!InitializeStubs(paths)) {
+        VLOG(1) << "Failed to initialize stubs";
+        return false;
+      }
 
-      if (IsArchitectureX86_64()) {
-        I965DrvVideoPath = "/usr/lib64/va/drivers/i965_drv_video.so";
-      } else if (IsArchitectureI386()) {
-        I965DrvVideoPath = "/usr/lib/va/drivers/i965_drv_video.so";
+      // libva drivers won't get loaded even above two libraries get dlopened.
+      // Thus, libva calls will fail after post sandbox stage.
+      //
+      // To get the va driver loaded before sandboxing, upstream simply dlopen
+      // the hard-coded va driver path because ChromeOS is the only platform
+      // that Google want to support libva.
+      //
+      // While generic linux distros ship va driver as anywhere they want.
+      // Fortunately, the va driver will be loadded when vaInitialize() get
+      // called.
+      // So the following code is to call vaInitialize() before sandboxing.
+      Display* x_display = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
+      VADisplay va_display = vaGetDisplay(x_display);
+      if (!vaDisplayIsValid(va_display)) {
+        VLOG(1) << "Failed to call vaGetDisplay()";
+        return false;
       }
 
-      dlopen(I965DrvVideoPath, RTLD_NOW|RTLD_GLOBAL|RTLD_NODELETE);
-      dlopen("libva.so.1", RTLD_NOW|RTLD_GLOBAL|RTLD_NODELETE);
-#if defined(USE_OZONE)
-      dlopen("libva-drm.so.1", RTLD_NOW|RTLD_GLOBAL|RTLD_NODELETE);
-#elif defined(USE_X11)
-      dlopen("libva-x11.so.1", RTLD_NOW|RTLD_GLOBAL|RTLD_NODELETE);
-#endif
-    }
-  }
+      int major_version, minor_version;
+      if (vaInitialize(va_display, &major_version, &minor_version)
+          != VA_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+        VLOG(1) << "Failed to call vaInitialize()";
+        return false;
+      }
+    }  // end of IsAcceleratedVaapiVideoEncodeEnabled() || IsAcceleratedVideoDecodeEnabled()
+  }  // end of IsArchitectureX86_64() || IsArchitectureI386()
 
   return true;
 }
Index: beta.wily/chrome/browser/about_flags.cc
===================================================================
--- beta.wily.orig/chrome/browser/about_flags.cc	2015-07-17 00:25:47.768347000 -0400
+++ beta.wily/chrome/browser/about_flags.cc	2015-07-17 00:25:47.765347039 -0400
@@ -1063,7 +1063,7 @@
   { "disable-accelerated-video-decode",
     IDS_FLAGS_DISABLE_ACCELERATED_VIDEO_DECODE_NAME,
     IDS_FLAGS_DISABLE_ACCELERATED_VIDEO_DECODE_DESCRIPTION,
-    kOsMac | kOsWin | kOsCrOS,
+    kOsAll,
     SINGLE_VALUE_TYPE(switches::kDisableAcceleratedVideoDecode),
   },
 #if defined(USE_ASH)
Index: beta.wily/content/common/gpu/media/vaapi_wrapper.cc
===================================================================
--- beta.wily.orig/content/common/gpu/media/vaapi_wrapper.cc	2015-07-17 00:25:47.768347000 -0400
+++ beta.wily/content/common/gpu/media/vaapi_wrapper.cc	2015-07-17 00:25:47.766347026 -0400
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@
     VAProfile va_profile,
     const base::Closure& report_error_to_uma_cb) {
   if (!profile_infos_.Get().IsProfileSupported(mode, va_profile)) {
-    DVLOG(1) << "Unsupported va_profile: " << va_profile;
+    VLOG(1) << "Unsupported va_profile: " << va_profile;
     return nullptr;
   }
 
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@
   if (std::find(supported_entrypoints.begin(),
                 supported_entrypoints.end(),
                 entrypoint) == supported_entrypoints.end()) {
-    DVLOG(1) << "Unsupported entrypoint";
+    VLOG(1) << "Unsupported entrypoint";
     return false;
   }
   return true;
@@ -402,8 +402,8 @@
     if (attribs[i].type != required_attribs[i].type ||
         (attribs[i].value & required_attribs[i].value) !=
             required_attribs[i].value) {
-      DVLOG(1) << "Unsupported value " << required_attribs[i].value
-               << " for attribute type " << required_attribs[i].type;
+      VLOG(1) << "Unsupported value " << required_attribs[i].value
+              << " for attribute type " << required_attribs[i].type;
       return false;
     }
   }

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