I poked a bit at how docker's overlay2 driver stores the layers and came up with this temporary hack script
#!/bin/sh
set -u
set -e
if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then
echo usage: $0 before after
exit 1
fi
before="$1"
after="$2"
bfs=$(docker inspect -f '{{ .GraphDriver.Data.UpperDir }}' "$before")
afs=$(docker inspect -f '{{ .GraphDriver.Data.UpperDir }}' "$after")
diff -ruN "$bfs" "$afs"
-- ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀ ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Jonathan Dowland ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://jmtd.net ⠈⠳⣄⠀⠀⠀⠀

