This issue was discovered while working on getting autopkgtest running smoothly in Docker containers running in Gitlab CI on salsa.debian.org: https://salsa.debian.org/salsa/support/issues/27
When running autopkgtest in a gitlab-ci docker container, it can run directly in it since it has root access. But since the Docker host provides the kernel, the Docker host must have binfmt-support installed and the binfmt_misc kernel module loaded in order for Docker containers to use binfmt.