For those (like me, it is a long story) who want to delay doing a full
system update of Buster, I confirm that

apt-get install --reinstall libappstream4

fixed this severe problem in Debian Buster for me.

I am surprised this issue migrated from Debian unstable to Buster at
all.  According to <https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/appstream>,
0.12.2-1 (the version with this severe bug that affects all apt-get
updates) was accepted into unstable on 2018-08-04 and only migrated to
Buster on 2018-08-15.  So there were 11 days when any user that ran
"apt-get update" for unstable would have seen the effects of this
severe bug.  But apparently no report of the issue occurred which
means that the whole point of Debian unstable (to winnow out the
showstopper bugs before they hit Debian testing = Buster) broke down
in this particular case.

That said, kudos to Matthias Klumpp for quickly fixing this severe bug once
a Debian Buster user had reported it.

Alan
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Alan W. Irwin

Programming affiliations with the FreeEOS equation-of-state
implementation for stellar interiors (freeeos.sf.net); the Time
Ephemerides project (timeephem.sf.net); PLplot scientific plotting
software package (plplot.sf.net); the libLASi project
(unifont.org/lasi); the Loads of Linux Links project (loll.sf.net);
and the Linux Brochure Project (lbproject.sf.net).
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Linux-powered Science
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