The version of mawk shipped with bullseye still has this bug (or what upstream calls a known limitation).
I've also verified that the bug occurs with upstream mawk, version 1.3.4-20200120, both with and without the --without-builtin-regex compile time option. unicorn:~/tmp/mawk-1.3.4-20200120$ ./configure --without-builtin-regex [ output omitted ] unicorn:~/tmp/mawk-1.3.4-20200120$ make [ output omitted ] unicorn:~/tmp/mawk-1.3.4-20200120$ echo 999999 | ./mawk '/^9{1}/' unicorn:~/tmp/mawk-1.3.4-20200120$ (Output should have been 999999.) Since it's failing even with --without-builtin-regex I figure this might be something upstream should hear about, so I'm Cc-ing Mr. Dickey.