It seems like this bug is related to GRUB lacking LUKS2 support. Back in buster, GRUB only supported LUKS1, so this bug could only be worked- around by using LUKS1 for /boot.
Now GRUB has some support for LUKS2 at boot time, but grub-probe doesn't recognise LUKS2 devices properly so the necessary modules don't get loaded automatically. There is a separate bug report #1028301 explicitly relating to grub- probe. I found the upstream commits that seem to fix it and added them to that bug report. Perhaps they would also fix this? Ben. -- Ben Hutchings The two most common things in the universe are hydrogen and stupidity.
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