I've found a workaround for this bug: Install the libgphoto2-2-dev package. Then everything works fine in digikam: auto-detect, connecting to camera, downloading, etc. None of these features work without the -dev package.
I cannot tell what is in that package that might make a difference: the only binaries I see are gphoto2-port-config, gphoto2-config, libgphoto2_port.so, and libgphoto2.so. The rest are documentation files, headers, and various .a and .la camera libraries.
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