Log (daemon.log) for a problem case.  Note the interleaving of eth0 and
eth1 events.

Nov  7 14:07:27 apple ifplugd(eth0)[27270]: Link beat detected.
Nov  7 14:07:27 apple ifplugd(eth0)[27270]: Executing 
'/etc/ifplugd/ifplugd.action eth0 up'.
Nov  7 14:07:27 apple ifplugd(eth0)[27270]: client: OK
Nov  7 14:07:27 apple wpa_supplicant[1536]: CTRL-EVENT-DISCONNECTED 
bssid=00:00:00:00:00:00 reason=0
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple dhclient: Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.2
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple ifplugd(eth0)[27270]: client: Internet Systems Consortium 
DHCP Client 4.2.2
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple dhclient: Copyright 2004-2011 Internet Systems Consortium.
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple ifplugd(eth0)[27270]: client: Copyright 2004-2011 
Internet Systems Consortium.
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple dhclient: All rights reserved.
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple ifplugd(eth0)[27270]: client: All rights reserved.
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple dhclient: For info, please visit 
https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple ifplugd(eth0)[27270]: client: For info, please visit 
https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple dhclient: 
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple dhclient: Listening on LPF/eth0/00:0a:e4:26:95:59
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple dhclient: Sending on   LPF/eth0/00:0a:e4:26:95:59
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple dhclient: Sending on   Socket/fallback
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple dhclient: DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 
interval 3
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple ifplugd(eth0)[27270]: client: Listening on 
LPF/eth0/00:0a:e4:26:95:59
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple ifplugd(eth0)[27270]: client: Sending on   
LPF/eth0/00:0a:e4:26:95:59
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple ifplugd(eth0)[27270]: client: Sending on   Socket/fallback
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple ifplugd(eth0)[27270]: client: DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 
255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 3
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple dhclient: Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.2.2
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple dhclient: Copyright 2004-2011 Internet Systems Consortium.
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple dhclient: All rights reserved.
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple dhclient: For info, please visit 
https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple dhclient: 
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple dhclient: Listening on LPF/eth1/00:0c:f1:3e:02:61
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple dhclient: Sending on   LPF/eth1/00:0c:f1:3e:02:61
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple dhclient: Sending on   Socket/fallback
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple avahi-daemon[1906]: Joining mDNS multicast group on 
interface eth0.IPv6 with address fe80::20a:e4ff:fe26:9559.
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple avahi-daemon[1906]: New relevant interface eth0.IPv6 for 
mDNS.
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple avahi-daemon[1906]: Registering new address record for 
fe80::20a:e4ff:fe26:9559 on eth0.*.
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple dhclient: DHCPREQUEST on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple dhclient: DHCPOFFER from 192.168.1.1
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple ifplugd(eth0)[27270]: client: DHCPREQUEST on eth0 to 
255.255.255.255 port 67
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple ifplugd(eth0)[27270]: client: DHCPOFFER from 192.168.1.1
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple dhclient: DHCPACK from 192.168.1.1
Nov  7 14:07:28 apple ifplugd(eth0)[27270]: client: DHCPACK from 192.168.1.1
Nov  7 14:07:29 apple dhclient: DHCPRELEASE on eth1 to 192.168.1.1 port 67
Nov  7 14:07:29 apple ifplugd(eth0)[27270]: client: Reloading 
/etc/samba/smb.conf: smbd only.
Nov  7 14:07:29 apple avahi-daemon[1906]: Joining mDNS multicast group on 
interface eth0.IPv4 with address 192.168.1.146.
Nov  7 14:07:29 apple avahi-daemon[1906]: New relevant interface eth0.IPv4 for 
mDNS.
Nov  7 14:07:29 apple avahi-daemon[1906]: Registering new address record for 
192.168.1.146 on eth0.IPv4.
Nov  7 14:07:30 apple dhclient: bound to 192.168.1.146 -- renewal in 38019 
seconds.
Nov  7 14:07:30 apple ifplugd(eth0)[27270]: client: bound to 192.168.1.146 -- 
renewal in 38019 seconds.
Nov  7 14:07:30 apple avahi-daemon[1906]: Withdrawing address record for 
192.168.1.102 on eth1.
Nov  7 14:07:30 apple avahi-daemon[1906]: Leaving mDNS multicast group on 
interface eth1.IPv4 with address 192.168.1.102.
Nov  7 14:07:30 apple avahi-daemon[1906]: Interface eth1.IPv4 no longer 
relevant for mDNS.
Nov  7 14:07:30 apple avahi-daemon[1906]: Interface eth1.IPv6 no longer 
relevant for mDNS.
Nov  7 14:07:30 apple avahi-daemon[1906]: Leaving mDNS multicast group on 
interface eth1.IPv6 with address fe80::20c:f1ff:fe3e:261.
Nov  7 14:07:30 apple avahi-daemon[1906]: Withdrawing address record for 
fe80::20c:f1ff:fe3e:261 on eth1.

Andrew

Excerpts from Andrew Pimlott's message of Mon Nov 07 14:04:21 -0800 2011:
> Package: ifplugd
> Version: 0.28-19
> Severity: normal
> 
> Dear Maintainer,
> 
> I run ifplugd on my eth0 ethernet interface, and use wpa_supplicant for
> my eth1 wireless interface.  When I am on wireless and plug in my
> ethernet cable, I often (but not always) end up with a configured eth0
> interface but no default route.  This happens due to a race condition
> between eth1 going down and eth0 coming up.  I don't think this is
> necesarily ifplugd's fault, but I file it here so you can help route it
> to the right place.
> 
> Here is what happens:
> 
> 1.  ifplugd detects the ethernet interface.
> 2.  ifplugd runs /etc/ifplugd/action.d/action_wpa.  This calls "wpa_cli
>     -i eth1 disconnect", which takes down the eth1 interface asynchronously.
> 3.  ifplugd runs /etc/ifplugd/action.d/ifupdown.  This calls "ifup eth0",
>     which brings up the eth0 interface using dhcp (in my configuration).
> 4.  When dhclient gets a lease, it calls /sbin/dhclient-script, which
>     calls something like
> 
>       ip -4 route add default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0
> 
>     Unfortunately, at this point, since eth1 was taken down
>     asynchronously, it may still have the default route.  When this
>     command is run while eth1 has the default route, it fails with
> 
>       RTNETLINK answers: File exists
> 
> I can think of three possible solutions:
> 
> - wpasupplicant provides a synchronous call to take down the interface.
> - ifplugd polls for the wireless interfaces to finish going down.
> - isc-dhcp-client enables setting multiple default routes, so eth0 and
>   eth1 both have default routes for the brief period where they coexist.
> 
> The last of these seems most logical to me, but from what I understand
> it may be difficult to configure.  Maybe isc-dhcp-client could take over
> the default route unconditionally.
> 
> Anyhow, I would appreciate your advice.
> 
> Andrew
> 
> -- Package-specific info:
>  /sys/class/net/ interfaces:
> /sys/class/net/eth0/
> /sys/class/net/eth1/
> /sys/class/net/lo/
> 
> -- System Information:
> Debian Release: wheezy/sid
>   APT prefers unstable
>   APT policy: (500, 'unstable')
> Architecture: i386 (i686)
> 
> Kernel: Linux 3.0.0-1-486
> Locale: LANG=en_US.UTF-8, LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8 (charmap=UTF-8)
> Shell: /bin/sh linked to /bin/bash
> 
> Versions of packages ifplugd depends on:
> ii  debconf [debconf-2.0]  1.5.41 
> ii  libc6                  2.13-21
> ii  libdaemon0             0.14-2 
> ii  lsb-base               3.2-28 
> 
> Versions of packages ifplugd recommends:
> ii  ifupdown  0.7~alpha5+really0.6.16
> 
> Versions of packages ifplugd suggests:
> ii  wpasupplicant  0.7.3-5
> 
> -- debconf information:
> * ifplugd/interfaces: eth0
> * ifplugd/hotplug_interfaces:
> * ifplugd/args: -f -u0 -d10 -w -I --no-beep
> * ifplugd/suspend_action: stop



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