Hey folks, I've got a patch from George and Thomas that they've been pestering me to do something with for a while. I've made minor tweaks and added some extra stuff. Please review/commit.
-- Steve McIntyre, Cambridge, UK. [email protected] "I suspect most samba developers are already technically insane... Of course, since many of them are Australians, you can't tell." -- Linus Torvalds
? index.en.html ? write-faq.diff Index: index.wml =================================================================== RCS file: /cvs/webwml/webwml/english/CD/faq/index.wml,v retrieving revision 1.99 diff -u -p -u -r1.99 index.wml --- index.wml 3 Jul 2011 23:04:47 -0000 1.99 +++ index.wml 14 Dec 2011 11:31:24 -0000 @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ normal computer file, that can e.g. be t Internet. CD burning programs can use the image files to make real CDs.</p> -<p>For a correctly recorded CD, the <tt>.iso</tt> file must not appear +<p>For a correctly written CD, the <tt>.iso</tt> file must not appear on the CD when you access it! Instead, you should see a number of files and directories - in the case of a Debian CD, this includes a <q>dists</q> directory and a <q>README.html</q> file.</p> @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ appear on the final CD. Some archive pro unpacked files! The resulting CD will fail to boot because the <tt>.iso</tt> format includes special information related to booting from the CD, which is lost when you unpack the file. See below on how -to correctly record a CD image under <a href="#record-unix">Linux</a>, +to correctly write a CD image under <a href="#record-unix">Linux</a>, <a href="#record-windows">Windows</a> or <a href="#record-mac">MacOS</a>.</p> @@ -473,24 +473,34 @@ restriction or use the <tt>curl</tt> com # ============================================================ -<toc-add-entry name="record-unix">How do I record a CD-R under +<toc-add-entry name="record-unix">How do I write an ISO image under Linux/Unix?</toc-add-entry> -<p>Use the -<a href="http://cdrecord.berlios.de/old/private/cdrecord.html";>cdrecord</a> -program, with a command line like this (as root): -<br /><tt>nice --18 cdrecord -eject -v speed=2 dev=0,6,0 -data -pad binary-i386-1.iso</tt></p> +<p>Note that Debian ISO images for i386 and amd64 are also bootable +from a USB key; see <a href="#write-usb">below</a>.</p> -<p> -Debian forked cdrecord in etch. Please try wodim on Debian based systems -instead of cdrecord. +<p><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/xorriso/xorriso.html";>xorriso</a> +for all optical media types (also doable as non-root user): +<br/><tt>xorriso -as cdrecord -v dev=/dev/sr0 -eject debian-x.y.z-arch-MEDIUM-NN.iso</tt> +<br/>Add option <tt>stream_recording=on</tt> to get on BD-RE full nominal speed without checkreading. +</p> + +<p><a href="http://fy.chalmers.se/~appro/linux/DVD+RW/";>growisofs</a> +for DVD and BD optical media types: +<br/><tt>growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/sr0=debian-x.y.z-arch-MEDIUM-NN.iso</tt> +</p> + +<p><a href="http://www.cdrkit.org/";>wodim</a> +for CD optical media type: +<br/><tt>wodim -v dev=/dev/sr0 -eject -sao debian-x.y.z-arch-CD-NN.iso</tt> </p> <p>For Linux, there are also the X programs <a href="http://www.gnome.org/projects/brasero/";>Brasero</a>, <a href="http://k3b.plainblack.com/";>K3B</a> and <a href="http://www.xcdroast.org/";>X-CD-Roast</a>, -to name a few. Note that they're all frontends to cdrecord.</p> +to name a few. Note that they're all frontends to the previously +mentioned low-level burning applications.</p> <dl> <dt><strong><a id="brasero" @@ -527,7 +537,7 @@ displaying the image filename and click # ============================================================ -<toc-add-entry name="record-windows">How do I record a CD-R under +<toc-add-entry name="record-windows">How do I write an ISO image under Windows?</toc-add-entry> <p>This might be a little problem, as many Windows programs use @@ -537,7 +547,7 @@ options like <q>ISO9660 file</q>, <q>Raw bytes/sector</q>. (Note: other bytes/sector values are fatal!) Some programs do not offer these choices; use another burning program instead (ask a friend or colleague). Here is some information about -how to record CD images with specific products:</p> +how to write CD images with specific products:</p> <dl> @@ -559,7 +569,7 @@ how to record CD images with specific pr href="http://isorecorder.alexfeinman.com/isorecorder.htm";>ISO Recorder</a></strong> (Freeware)</dt> - <dd>This program can record <tt>.iso</tt> images on Windows 2003, XP + <dd>This program can write <tt>.iso</tt> images on Windows 2003, XP and Vista.</dd> <dt><strong><a NAME="adaptec" href="http://www.adaptec.com/";>Adaptec</a>\ @@ -623,12 +633,6 @@ how to record CD images with specific pr command to be executed is something like <tt>cdburn drive: iso-file.iso /speed max</tt></dd> - <dt><strong><a NAME="cdrecord-win" href="http://www.fokus.gmd.de/research/cc/glone/employees/joerg.schilling/private/cdrecord.html";>cdrecord</a></strong></dt> - - <dd>This program is also available - <a href="ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/pub/unix/cdrecord/alpha/win32/";>for - Windows 9x/NT systems</a>. See the README for more details.</dd> - </dl> <p>If you can provide updated information or details for other @@ -638,7 +642,7 @@ href="mailto # ============================================================ -<toc-add-entry name="record-mac">How do I record a CD-R under +<toc-add-entry name="record-mac">How do I write an ISO image under Mac OS?</toc-add-entry> <p>The <strong>Toast</strong> program for Mac OS is reported to work fine with @@ -655,11 +659,38 @@ the <tt>/Applications/Utilities</tt> fol image to burn. Ensure that the settings are correct, then click on <i>Burn</i>.</p> -<p>Additionally, the -<a href="http://www.fokus.gmd.de/research/cc/glone/employees/joerg.schilling/private/cdrecord.html";>cdrecord</a> -program is available -<a href="ftp://ftp.fokus.gmd.de/pub/unix/cdrecord/alpha/macos-x/";>for -Mac OS X</a> as well. + +# ============================================================ + +<toc-add-entry name="write-usb">How do I write a CD image to a USB flash drive?</toc-add-entry> + +<p>Several of the Debian CD and Debian Live images are created using +<i>isohybrid</i> technology, which means that they may be used in two +different ways:</p> + +<ul> + <li>They may be written to CD/DVD and used as normal for CD/DVD booting.</li> + <li>They may be written to USB flash drives, bootable directly from the BIOS of most PCs.</li> +</ul> + +<p>The most common way to copy an image to a USB flash drive is to use +the <q>dd</q> command on a Linux machine:</p> + +<p><code>dd if=<file> of=<device> bs=4M; sync</code></p> + +<p>where:</p> +<ul> + <li><file> is the name of the input image, e.g. <q>netinst.iso</q> + <li><device> is the device matching the USB flash drive, + e.g. /dev/sda, /dev/sdb. Be careful to make sure you have the right + device name, as this command is capable of writing over your hard + disk just as easily if you get the wrong one!</li> + <li><q>bs=4M</q> tells dd to read/write in 4 megabyte chunks for + better performance; the default is 512 bytes, which will be much + slower + <li>The <q>sync</q> is to make sure that all the writes are flushed out + before the command returns. +</ul> # ============================================================
