Some progress has been made toward the goal of making Debian easier to use with a read-only root filesystem. Action has been taken to remove variable files from /etc/, or at least to make it possible to do so locally, in the following packages: cupsys, laptop-net, pppconfig, sysvinit.
Packages that still employ variable files in /etc/ include: mount, ifupdown, dhcpcd, linuxlogo, ppp, util-linux. Fortunately, some of the files can be replaced by symlinks. See my README file at http://panopticon.csustan.edu/thood/readonly-root.html for (incomplete) information. Many thanks to the maintainers who have been supporting this effort. -- Thomas Hood