I have report this as xkb-data bugs,
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=734764 ,
 /usr/share/X11/xkb/compat/default  was missing.

if you don't have one working debian, your can create file yourself.

my debian 7.3 /usr/share/X11/xkb/compat/default has the follow content:

default xkb_compatibility "default"  {
    include "basic"
    augment "mousekeys"
    augment "accessx(basic)"
    augment "misc"
    augment "iso9995"
    augment "level5"
// ??should be changed/renamed/removed
//    augment "xfree86"
    augment "japan"
    augment "caps(caps_lock)"
};



2014/1/10 Salman Mohammadi <[email protected]>

>  Hello all,
>
> I downloaded the pre-installed image (May 2013 version) and could run it with 
> no problem on Virtualbox 4.1 (on Trisquel GNU/Linux 6). But If I upgrade the 
> OS I won't be able to initiate X by using either '# startx' or '# startxfce4' 
> and the following error message is shown:
>
> ...
>
> Initializing built-in extension XFree86-DGA
>
> Loading extension GLX
>
> cannot open keyboard (Not a directory).
>
>  Here is the Xorg.log:
>
>  [1996573.782]
> X.Org X Server 1.12.4
> Release Date: 2012-08-27
> [1996573.782] X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
> [1996573.782] Build Operating System: GNU 0.3 i686-AT386 Debian
> [1996573.792] Current Operating System: GNU debian 0.3 GNU-Mach 
> 1.3.99-486/Hurd-0.3 i686-AT386
> [1996573.792] Build Date: 17 April 2013  11:17:07AM
> [1996573.792] xorg-server 2:1.12.4-6 (Julien Cristau <[email protected]> 
> <[email protected]>)
> [1996573.802] Current version of pixman: 0.32.4
> [1996573.802]         Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
>       to make sure that you have the latest version.
> [1996573.802] Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default 
> setting,
>       (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
>       (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
> [1996573.812] (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.2.log", Time: Thu Jan  9 12:36:50 
> 2014
> [1996573.822] (==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf"
> [1996573.822] (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
> [1996573.822] (==) No Layout section.  Using the first Screen section.
> [1996573.822] (==) No screen section available. Using defaults.
> [1996573.822] (**) |-->Screen "Default Screen Section" (0)
> [1996573.822] (**) |   |-->Monitor "<default monitor>"
> [1996573.822] (==) No monitor specified for screen "Default Screen Section".
>       Using a default monitor configuration.
> [1996573.822] (==) Not automatically adding devices
> [1996573.822] (==) Not automatically enabling devices
> [1996573.822] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic" does not 
> exist.
> [1996573.822]         Entry deleted from font path.
> [1996573.822] (WW) The directory 
> "/var/lib/defoma/x-ttcidfont-conf.d/dirs/TrueType" does not exist.
> [1996573.822]         Entry deleted from font path.
> [1996573.822] (==) FontPath set to:
>       /usr/share/fonts/X11/misc,
>       /usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled,
>       /usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/:unscaled,
>       /usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1,
>       /usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi,
>       /usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi,
>       built-ins
> [1996573.822] (==) ModulePath set to "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
> [1996573.822] (==) |-->Input Device "<default pointer>"
> [1996573.822] (==) |-->Input Device "Generic Keyboard"
> [1996573.822] (==) No Layout section. Using the default mouse configuration.
> [1996573.822] (==) No Layout section. Using the first keyboard device.
> [1996573.822] (II) Loader magic: 0x2084e0
> [1996573.822] (II) Module ABI versions:
> [1996573.822]         X.Org ANSI C Emulation: 0.4
> [1996573.822]         X.Org Video Driver: 12.1
> [1996573.822]         X.Org XInput driver : 16.0
> [1996573.822]         X.Org Server Extension : 6.0
> [1996574.982] (--) PCI:*(0:0:2:0) 80ee:beef:0000:0000 rev 0, Mem @ 
> 0xe0000000/8388608, BIOS @ 0x????????/65536
> [1996574.982] (II) LoadModule: "extmod"
> [1996574.982] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libextmod.so
> [1996574.992] (II) Module extmod: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
> [1996574.992]         compiled for 1.12.4, module version = 1.0.0
> [1996574.992]         Module class: X.Org Server Extension
> [1996574.992]         ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 6.0
> [1996574.992] (II) Loading extension MIT-SCREEN-SAVER
> [1996574.992] (II) Loading extension XFree86-VidModeExtension
> [1996574.992] (II) Loading extension XFree86-DGA
> [1996574.992] (II) Loading extension DPMS
> [1996574.992] (II) Loading extension XVideo
> [1996574.992] (II) Loading extension XVideo-MotionCompensation
> [1996574.992] (II) Loading extension X-Resource
> [1996574.992] (II) LoadModule: "dbe"
> [1996574.992] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libdbe.so
> [1996574.992] (II) Module dbe: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
> [1996574.992]         compiled for 1.12.4, module version = 1.0.0
> [1996574.992]         Module class: X.Org Server Extension
> [1996574.992]         ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 6.0
> [1996574.992] (II) Loading extension DOUBLE-BUFFER
> [1996574.992] (II) LoadModule: "glx"
> [1996574.992] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so
> [1996575.002] (II) Module glx: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
> [1996575.002]         compiled for 1.12.4, module version = 1.0.0
> [1996575.002]         ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 6.0
> [1996575.002] (==) AIGLX enabled
> [1996575.002] (II) Loading extension GLX
> [1996575.002] (II) LoadModule: "record"
> [1996575.002] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/librecord.so
> [1996575.002] (II) Module record: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
> [1996575.002]         compiled for 1.12.4, module version = 1.13.0
> [1996575.002]         Module class: X.Org Server Extension
> [1996575.002]         ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 6.0
> [1996575.002] (II) Loading extension RECORD
> [1996575.002] (==) Matched vboxvideo as autoconfigured driver 0
> [1996575.002] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 1
> [1996575.002] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 2
> [1996575.002] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout
> [1996575.002] (II) LoadModule: "vboxvideo"
> [1996575.012] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module vboxvideo
> [1996575.012] (II) UnloadModule: "vboxvideo"
> [1996575.012] (II) Unloading vboxvideo
> [1996575.012] (EE) Failed to load module "vboxvideo" (module does not exist, 
> 0)
> [1996575.012] (II) LoadModule: "vesa"
> [1996575.012] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vesa_drv.so
> [1996575.012] (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
> [1996575.012]         compiled for 1.12.1.902, module version = 2.3.1
> [1996575.012]         Module class: X.Org Video Driver
> [1996575.012]         ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 12.0
> [1996575.012] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev"
> [1996575.012] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/fbdev_drv.so
> [1996575.012] (II) Module fbdev: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
> [1996575.012]         compiled for 1.12.1, module version = 0.4.2
> [1996575.012]         ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 12.0
> [1996575.012] (II) LoadModule: "mouse"
> [1996575.022] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/input/mouse_drv.so
> [1996575.022] (II) Module mouse: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
> [1996575.022]         compiled for 1.12.1.902, module version = 1.7.2
> [1996575.022]         Module class: X.Org XInput Driver
> [1996575.022]         ABI class: X.Org XInput driver, version 16.0
> [1996575.022] (II) LoadModule: "kbd"
> [1996575.022] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/input/kbd_drv.so
> [1996575.022] (II) Module kbd: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
> [1996575.022]         compiled for 1.12.1, module version = 1.6.1
> [1996575.022]         Module class: X.Org XInput Driver
> [1996575.022]         ABI class: X.Org XInput driver, version 16.0
> [1996575.022] (II) VESA: driver for VESA chipsets: vesa
> [1996575.022] (II) FBDEV: driver for framebuffer: fbdev
>
>       
> And it is the lspci (of the Debian GNU/Hurd):
>
> 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 440FX - 82441FX PMC [Natoma] (rev 02)
> 00:01.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371SB PIIX3 ISA [Natoma/Triton II]
> 00:01.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)
> 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: InnoTek Systemberatung GmbH VirtualBox 
> Graphics Adapter
> 00:03.0 Ethernet controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] 79c970 
> [PCnet32 LANCE] (rev 40)
> 00:04.0 System peripheral: InnoTek Systemberatung GmbH VirtualBox Guest 
> Service
> 00:05.0 Multimedia audio controller: Intel Corporation 82801AA AC'97 Audio 
> Controller (rev 01)
> 00:06.0 USB controller: Apple Inc. KeyLargo/Intrepid USB
> 00:07.0 Bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI (rev 08)
>
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