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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/DERBY-6009?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=13539784#comment-13539784
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Dag H. Wanvik commented on DERBY-6009:
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It seems the standard allows the sort key to not determine the ordering. I also
find no requirement that a column reference be present. Also cf. SQL 2011
section 10.10 general rules clause i): "i) Two rows that are not distinct with
respect to the <sort specification>s are said to be peers of each other. The
relative ordering of peers is implementation-dependent." I guess we shouldn't
touch this behavior for SELECT anyway.
> Need stricter checking of ORDER BY clause in VALUES expressions
> ---------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Key: DERBY-6009
> URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/DERBY-6009
> Project: Derby
> Issue Type: Bug
> Components: SQL
> Affects Versions: 10.9.1.0
> Reporter: Knut Anders Hatlen
> Priority: Minor
>
> We only support column numbers in ORDER BY clauses in VALUES expression, as
> seen by this error message:
> ij> values 1,2 order by 1+2;
> ERROR 42878: The ORDER BY clause of a SELECT UNION statement only supports
> unqualified column references and column position numbers. Other expressions
> are not currently supported. (errorCode = 30000)
> However, the checks let some unsupported expressions through and produce
> strange results. For example:
> ij> values 1 order by 1+2;
> 1 |2
> -----------------------
> 1 |3
> 1 row selected
> It should probably have raised the same exception as the first query. And if
> not, the result should only have had one column.
> And the next example should probably have raised a syntax error too, instead
> of a NullPointerException:
> ij> values 1 order by int(1);
> ERROR XJ001: Java exception: ': java.lang.NullPointerException'. (errorCode =
> 0)
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