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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/DERBY-6011?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=13551718#comment-13551718
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Mike Matrigali commented on DERBY-6011:
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the reason indexes matter with locking is that in serializable mode if you use 
an index you will only lock rows that are in the range of the query.  But if 
you don't use an
index then every row in the table will be locked.  A lot of work has been done 
to make the optimizer to choose to use indexes in this case, but there may be 
problems.  The reason for 
all the locks is that there is no way to prevent phantoms if you are just doing 
a scan off all rows without an index,without locking all rows.  


                
> Derby performs very badly (seems to deadlock and timeout) in very simple 
> multi-threaded tests
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: DERBY-6011
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/DERBY-6011
>             Project: Derby
>          Issue Type: Bug
>    Affects Versions: 10.7.1.1, 10.8.2.2, 10.9.1.0
>         Environment: Lenovo laptop with SSD's, Windows 7, 64-bit, Sun JDK 
> 1.6.xx
>            Reporter: Karl Wright
>         Attachments: derby.log, manifoldcf.log
>
>
> The Apache ManifoldCF project supports Derby as one of its underlying 
> databases.  Simple tests, however, demonstrate that Derby is apparently 
> deadlocking and timing out repeatedly under multi-thread conditions.  This 
> problem is long-standing, and is not exhibited by any other database 
> ManifoldCF supports, and makes a simple test take between 6x and 12x as long.
> There is a trivial test with demonstrates the problem vs. other databases.  
> Please do the following (once you have java 1.6+, svn 1.7+, and ant 1.7+ 
> available):
> (1) Check out https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/manifoldcf/trunk
> (2) Run the following ant target to download the dependencies: "ant 
> make-core-deps"
> (3) Run the Derby test: "ant run-rss-tests-derby" . Note the time required - 
> at least 180 seconds, can be up to 360 seconds.
> (4) Run the equivalent HSQLDB test: "ant run-rss-tests-HSQLDB".  This test 
> takes about 31 seconds to run.
> The output of the Derby test can be found in the directory 
> "tests/rss/test-derby-output".  Have a look at manifoldcf.log, where all 
> long-running queries are reported.  Derby.log is also included, which shows 
> only that during the test's cleanup phase the database is deleted before it 
> is shutdown, which is not pertinent to the performance issue.
> I am available to assist with ManifoldCF, if that seems to be required.

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