Hi Andrew.

Generally, both versions of the library are needed if one needs multi
architecture building option (e.g. x86_64 native build and i386
backsupport (cross)build for 32-bit installations).

I am building my i386 and x86_64 application on Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS using -m32 
and -m64 gcc options.
But running only 64-bit version of the application locally for the matter.

To accomplish this I have done:

Firstly installed libxml2-dev (x86_64)
  sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev

Secondly, move problematic xml2-config
  sudo mv /usr/bin/xml2-config /usr/bin/xml2-config.x86_64

Then install libxml2-dev:i386
  sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev:i386

Rename xml2-config for i386
  sudo mv /usr/bin/xml2-config /usr/bin/xml2-config.i386

Restore x86_64 xml2-config
  sudo cp /usr/bin/xml2-config.x86_64 /usr/bin/xml2-config

Finally, had to call ldconfig to refresh the library paths and gcc
builds my application with -m32 and excplicit -m64 (although not
needed).


ldconfig reports:
$ ldconfig -p | grep xml2
        libxml2.so.2 (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxml2.so.2
        libxml2.so.2 (libc6) => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libxml2.so.2
        libxml2.so (libc6,x86-64) => /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libxml2.so

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You received this bug notification because you are a member of Desktop
Packages, which is subscribed to libxml2 in Ubuntu.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/987502

Title:
  libxml2-dev: /usr/bin/xml2-config isn't identical across all arch

Status in “libxml2” package in Ubuntu:
  Fix Released
Status in “libxml2” source package in Precise:
  Triaged

Bug description:
  [Background] In the M-A implementation of version
  2.7.8.dfsg-5.1ubuntu1, /usr/bin/xml2-config still contains M-A
  tripples, which is troublesome when the package libxml2-dev is marked
  as M-A: same. The problem is caused by the sed call in debian/rules
  says "usr/lib/<tripple>", while it wasn't like that in xml2-config
  script itself.

  [Impact] libxml2-dev is not M-A co-installable

  [Development Fix] libxml2 version 2.7.8.dfsg-9 in Debian Sid

  [Stable Fix] Change required is trivial, in debian/rules:

  -     sed -i -e 's,/usr/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH),/usr/lib,' 
debian/libxml2-dev/usr/bin/xml2-config
  +     sed -i -e 's,/lib/$(DEB_HOST_MULTIARCH),/lib,' 
debian/libxml2-dev/usr/bin/xml2-config

  [Test Case] Enable M-A in testing environment (amd64 for instance),
  and try to install both libxml2-dev:i386 and libxml2-dev:amd64 which
  were newly built with the mentioned patch. If the action failed with
  something like './usr/bin/xml2-config' is different from the same file
  on the system, then the bug was not fixed.

  [Regression Potential] xml2-config reports the libdir is /usr/lib,
  while the actual ones are /usr/lib/<triplets>. This might break
  applications whose build system can't find libraries correctly in the
  previous path but relies on xml2-config's output. I recommend to use
  pkg-config instead of this script.

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