Had the same problem on a fresh install of Ubuntu 12.04.3.

Two audio cards with snd-hda-intel:

$ lspci -v | grep -A6 Audio
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 8 Series/C220 Series Chipset High 
Definition Audio Controller (rev 04)
        Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Device a002
        Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 46
        Memory at f3210000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
        Capabilities: <access denied>
        Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
        Kernel modules: snd-hda-intel
--
01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GK107 HDMI Audio Controller (rev a1)
        Subsystem: ZOTAC International (MCO) Ltd. Device 1258
        Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17
        Memory at f3080000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
        Capabilities: <access denied>
        Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
        Kernel modules: snd-hda-intel

Both are found by ALSA:

$ cat /proc/asound/cards 
 0 [PCH            ]: HDA-Intel - HDA Intel PCH
                      HDA Intel PCH at 0xf3210000 irq 46
 1 [NVidia         ]: HDA-Intel - HDA NVidia
                      HDA NVidia at 0xf3080000 irq 17

But pulseaudio does not start:

$ sudo killall pulseaudio
pulseaudio: no process found

It complains about zeroconf:

$ pulseaudio 
E: [pulseaudio] module.c: Failed to open module "module-zeroconf-discover": 
file not found
E: [pulseaudio] main.c: Module load failed.
E: [pulseaudio] main.c: Failed to initialize daemon.

Installing "pulseaudio-module-zeroconf" solves the problem:

$ sudo apt-get install pulseaudio-module-zeroconf
...
$ pulseaudio
E: [pulseaudio] module-tunnel.c: Failed to create sink.
E: [pulseaudio] module.c: Failed to load module "module-tunnel-sink" (argument: 
"server=[anonymized-ip]:4713 sink=alsa_output.pci-0000_01_00.1.hdmi-stereo 
format=s16le channels=2 rate=44100 
sink_name=tunnel.anonymized.local.alsa_output.pci-0000_01_00.1.hdmi-stereo 
channel_map=front-left,front-right"): initialization failed.
W: [pulseaudio] module-tunnel.c: Stream died.
W: [pulseaudio] module-tunnel.c: Stream died.
E: [pulseaudio] module-tunnel.c: Failed to create source.
E: [pulseaudio] module.c: Failed to load module "module-tunnel-source" 
(argument: "server=[anonymized-ipv6]:4713 
source=alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo format=s16le channels=2 
rate=44100 
source_name=tunnel.anonymized.local.alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo 
channel_map=front-left,front-right"): initialization failed.
E: [pulseaudio] module-tunnel.c: Connection failed: Connection refused
E: [pulseaudio] module-tunnel.c: Connection failed: Connection refused

It complains about not being able to connect to some server on our local
network, but at least it starts now and allows me to configure both
internal sound cards via the sound settings.

I think pulseaudio is wrong about refusing to start when the zeroconf
module is not present. It should just skip the zeroconf step and use the
local devices that are there anyway. Let me know if I should try to
remove the module again and get some more verbose output from
pulseaudio.

** Changed in: pulseaudio (Ubuntu)
       Status: Expired => Confirmed

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You received this bug notification because you are a member of Desktop
Packages, which is subscribed to pulseaudio in Ubuntu.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/978248

Title:
  No soundcards detected by pulseaudio, but visible from ALSA

Status in “pulseaudio” package in Ubuntu:
  Confirmed

Bug description:
  i have two soundcards, one integrated soundblaster and one nvidia.
  Never used the nvidia, but soundblaster has worked in ubuntu since
  ~2006.

  Cant see any of them in sound menu. Alsamixer sees them, but didnt
  help in getting sound.

  ProblemType: Bug
  DistroRelease: Ubuntu 12.04
  Package: gnome-control-center 1:3.4.0-0ubuntu5
  ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 3.2.0-22.35-generic 3.2.14
  Uname: Linux 3.2.0-22-generic i686
  NonfreeKernelModules: nvidia
  ApportVersion: 2.0-0ubuntu5
  Architecture: i386
  Date: Tue Apr 10 20:09:59 2012
  ExecutablePath: /usr/bin/gnome-control-center
  InstallationMedia: Ubuntu 11.04 "Natty Narwhal" - Release i386 (20110427.1)
  ProcEnviron:
   SHELL=/bin/bash
   PATH=(custom, user)
   LANG=en_US.UTF-8
  SourcePackage: gnome-control-center
  UpgradeStatus: Upgraded to precise on 2012-04-10 (0 days ago)

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