I think it might be an Alsa bug, not a pulseaudio bug.
My setup is: computer -> TV -> receiver, all connected through HDMI.  Due to 
hardware limitations, the TV is only capable of passing through 2 channel AC3. 
So I was using a similar .asoundrc to reencode any multichannel audio to AC3.
Everything worked fine in 13.04, but with upgrade to 13.10, any apps that try 
to use the plugin (aplay, mplayer, etc) core dump with SIGFPE. Possibly unlike 
the OP, pulseaudio daemon itself start up fine.

Sorry if I'm confusing some terminology, I'm not by any means an expert on this.
Please let me know if there's any information I can provide to facilitate 
debugging.

(I tried toggling S/PDIF Default PCM with no success)

$ mplayer -v -ao alsa:device=resampler Norrlanda.wav
...
Trying preferred audio driver 'alsa', options 'device=resampler'
alsa-init: requested format: 44100 Hz, 2 channels, 1d
alsa-init: using ALSA 1.0.27.2
alsa-init: setup for 1/2 channel(s)
alsa-init: using device resampler
alsa-init: opening device in blocking mode
alsa-init: device reopened in blocking mode
[AO_ALSA] Format floatle is not supported by hardware, trying default.


MPlayer interrupted by signal 8 in module: ao2_init
- MPlayer crashed by bad usage of CPU/FPU/RAM.
...

$ cat .asoundrc
pcm.tv 
{ 
   type hw 
   card 0 
   device 3 
} 

pcm.a52encoder 
{ 
   type a52 
   slavepcm "tv" 
   channels 6 
   rate 48000 
   bitrate 640 
} 

pcm.resampler 
{ 
   type rate 
   slave.pcm "a52encoder" 
   slave.rate 48000 
   converter "samplerate_best" 
}

-- 
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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1242390

Title:
  ac-53 (a52 plugin) core dumps

Status in “pulseaudio” package in Ubuntu:
  Confirmed

Bug description:
  This config worked on 13.04

  a52.conf:

  pcm.a52 {
    @args [CARD]
    @args.CARD {
      type string
    }
    type rate
    slave {
      pcm {
        type a52
        bitrate 448
        channels 6
        card $CARD
      }
  #  rate 48000 #required somehow, otherwise nothing happens in PulseAudio
    }
  }

  commenting out rate 48000 allows it to work, but stereo only; no
  surround.

  End of debug logging for pulseaudio from the command line:
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Looking at profile 
output:iec958-stereo+input:analog-stereo
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Checking for recording on Analog Stereo 
(analog-stereo)
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Trying front:0 with SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_FORMAT ...
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Managed to open front:0
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Maximum hw buffer size is 371 ms
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Set buffer size first (to 3528 samples), period 
size second (to 441 samples).
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Profile 
output:iec958-stereo+input:analog-stereo supported.
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Looking at profile 
output:iec958-stereo+input:iec958-stereo
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Checking for recording on Digital Stereo 
(IEC958) (iec958-stereo)
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Trying iec958:0 with SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_FORMAT ...
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Managed to open iec958:0
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Maximum hw buffer size is 371 ms
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Set buffer size first (to 3528 samples), period 
size second (to 441 samples).
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Profile 
output:iec958-stereo+input:iec958-stereo supported.
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Looking at profile output:iec958-ac3-surround-40
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Checking for playback on Digital Surround 4.0 
(IEC958/AC3) (iec958-ac3-surround-40)
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Trying a52:0 with SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_FORMAT ...
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Managed to open a52:0
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(4) failed: 
Invalid argument
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Trying a52:0 without SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_FORMAT ...
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Managed to open a52:0
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(4) failed: 
Invalid argument
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Trying plug:a52:0 with SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_FORMAT ...
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Managed to open plug:a52:0
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(4) failed: 
Invalid argument
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Trying plug:a52:0 without SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_FORMAT 
...
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Managed to open plug:a52:0
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(4) failed: 
Invalid argument
  I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Failed to set hardware parameters on plug:a52:0: 
Invalid argument
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Caching failure to open 
output:iec958-ac3-surround-40
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Skipping profile 
output:iec958-ac3-surround-40+input:analog-mono - will not be able to open 
output:iec958-ac3-surround-40
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Skipping profile 
output:iec958-ac3-surround-40+input:analog-stereo - will not be able to open 
output:iec958-ac3-surround-40
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Skipping profile 
output:iec958-ac3-surround-40+input:iec958-stereo - will not be able to open 
output:iec958-ac3-surround-40
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Looking at profile output:iec958-ac3-surround-51
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Checking for playback on Digital Surround 5.1 
(IEC958/AC3) (iec958-ac3-surround-51)
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Trying a52:0 with SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_FORMAT ...
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Managed to open a52:0
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Maximum hw buffer size is 320 ms
  Floating point exception (core dumped)
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Looking at profile 
output:iec958-stereo+input:analog-stereo
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Checking for recording on Analog Stereo 
(analog-stereo)
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Trying front:0 with SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_FORMAT ...
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Managed to open front:0
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Maximum hw buffer size is 371 ms
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Set buffer size first (to 3528 samples), period 
size second (to 441 samples).
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Profile 
output:iec958-stereo+input:analog-stereo supported.
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Looking at profile 
output:iec958-stereo+input:iec958-stereo
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Checking for recording on Digital Stereo 
(IEC958) (iec958-stereo)
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Trying iec958:0 with SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_FORMAT ...
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Managed to open iec958:0
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Maximum hw buffer size is 371 ms
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Set buffer size first (to 3528 samples), period 
size second (to 441 samples).
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Profile 
output:iec958-stereo+input:iec958-stereo supported.
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Looking at profile output:iec958-ac3-surround-40
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Checking for playback on Digital Surround 4.0 
(IEC958/AC3) (iec958-ac3-surround-40)
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Trying a52:0 with SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_FORMAT ...
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Managed to open a52:0
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(4) failed: 
Invalid argument
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Trying a52:0 without SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_FORMAT ...
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Managed to open a52:0
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(4) failed: 
Invalid argument
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Trying plug:a52:0 with SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_FORMAT ...
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Managed to open plug:a52:0
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(4) failed: 
Invalid argument
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Trying plug:a52:0 without SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_FORMAT 
...
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Managed to open plug:a52:0
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels(4) failed: 
Invalid argument
  I: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Failed to set hardware parameters on plug:a52:0: 
Invalid argument
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Caching failure to open 
output:iec958-ac3-surround-40
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Skipping profile 
output:iec958-ac3-surround-40+input:analog-mono - will not be able to open 
output:iec958-ac3-surround-40
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Skipping profile 
output:iec958-ac3-surround-40+input:analog-stereo - will not be able to open 
output:iec958-ac3-surround-40
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Skipping profile 
output:iec958-ac3-surround-40+input:iec958-stereo - will not be able to open 
output:iec958-ac3-surround-40
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Looking at profile output:iec958-ac3-surround-51
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-mixer.c: Checking for playback on Digital Surround 5.1 
(IEC958/AC3) (iec958-ac3-surround-51)
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Trying a52:0 with SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_FORMAT ...
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Managed to open a52:0
  D: [pulseaudio] alsa-util.c: Maximum hw buffer size is 320 ms
  Floating point exception (core dumped)

  ProblemType: Bug
  DistroRelease: Ubuntu 13.10
  Package: pulseaudio 1:4.0-0ubuntu6
  ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 3.11.0-12.19-generic 3.11.3
  Uname: Linux 3.11.0-12-generic x86_64
  NonfreeKernelModules: nvidia
  ApportVersion: 2.12.5-0ubuntu2
  Architecture: amd64
  AudioDevicesInUse:
   USER        PID ACCESS COMMAND
   /dev/snd/controlC0:  guest      1459 F.... pulseaudio
                        guest      1473 F.... panel-5-mixer
   /dev/snd/pcmC0D1p:   guest      1459 F...m pulseaudio
  CurrentDmesg: Error: command ['sh', '-c', 'dmesg | comm -13 --nocheck-order 
/var/log/dmesg -'] failed with exit code 1: comm: /var/log/dmesg: Permission 
denied
  Date: Sun Oct 20 12:55:51 2013
  InstallationDate: Installed on 2013-05-22 (151 days ago)
  InstallationMedia: Xubuntu 13.04 "Raring Ringtail" - Release amd64 
(20130423.1)
  MarkForUpload: True
  SourcePackage: pulseaudio
  UpgradeStatus: Upgraded to saucy on 2013-10-18 (1 days ago)
  dmi.bios.date: 07/02/2010
  dmi.bios.vendor: Award Software International, Inc.
  dmi.bios.version: F5
  dmi.board.name: M68M-S2P
  dmi.board.vendor: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd.
  dmi.board.version: x.x
  dmi.chassis.type: 3
  dmi.chassis.vendor: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd.
  dmi.modalias: 
dmi:bvnAwardSoftwareInternational,Inc.:bvrF5:bd07/02/2010:svnGigabyteTechnologyCo.,Ltd.:pnM68M-S2P:pvr:rvnGigabyteTechnologyCo.,Ltd.:rnM68M-S2P:rvrx.x:cvnGigabyteTechnologyCo.,Ltd.:ct3:cvr:
  dmi.product.name: M68M-S2P
  dmi.sys.vendor: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd.

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