Sure, let's create a 16.9 -> 16.14 + migration project.
Also, I think it's important to backport all CVE fixes from 16.10,
16.11, 16.12, 16.13 & 16.14 urgently (like here[0]), and then
backport all other patches in a lazy way.

Maybe "urgently" is not very correct term for this, but I think safety
first here, to ensure we never miss something important once cbdb over
pg16 will be released


[0] https://github.com/apache/cloudberry/pull/1773

On Fri, 29 May 2026 at 18:47, Dianjin Wang <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> Hi all,
>
> One additional thought regarding the longer-term maintenance strategy
> after the PG16 merge stabilization work.
>
> Since the current upgrade work brings Apache Cloudberry to PostgreSQL
> 16.9, I wonder whether, after the FIXME items and stabilization work
> are largely completed, we should consider continuing to roll forward
> within the PostgreSQL 16.x series (for example toward newer upstream
> minor releases such as 16.14 or later), before eventually starting a
> future PG18 upgrade cycle.
>
> Over the past year, while the PG14 → PG16 merge work was ongoing,
> PostgreSQL upstream has continued releasing additional 16.x minor
> updates containing bug fixes, stability improvements, and
> security-related fixes.
>
> I think continuing to track newer PostgreSQL 16.x minor releases
> incrementally may provide several benefits:
> * Reduce long-term divergence from PostgreSQL upstream.
> * Avoid accumulating another large maintenance gap.
> * Make future major-version upgrades easier and more incremental.
> * Help establish a more continuous upstream synchronization model for
> Cloudberry, rather than large periodic jumps. I think a rolling-update
> style upstream synchronization approach may help the project evolve
> more incrementally over time.
>
> Of course, I think stabilization and FIXME resolution should remain
> the first priority after the current merge lands. But once things
> become more stable, this may be a worthwhile direction for the
> community to consider.
>
> Just sharing this as a future maintenance thought for discussion.
>
> Best,
> Dianjin Wang
>
> On Tue, May 26, 2026 at 10:16 PM Kirill Reshke <[email protected]> wrote:
> >
> > Okay, so if I'm reading this correctly it's fine if I merge
> > https://github.com/apache/cloudberry/pull/1736 today, so we will be having
> > all viral fixes is current main.
> > I can also take an effort of merging this into to-be-main (pg16 merge)
> > branch, as well as other 16.10-16.14 CVE fixes.
> > Note that I'm speaking only about security fixes, which is about 50
> > commits, not whole 16.10-16.14 range
> >
> > On Tue, 26 May 2026, 08:44 Dianjin Wang, <[email protected]> wrote:
> >
> > > Hi all,
> > >
> > > Thanks everyone for the discussion.
> > >
> > > At this point, it seems the general consensus is leaning toward moving
> > > forward with merging the PG16 upgrade into the main branch soon. I
> > > respect and support the community consensus process here - disagree
> > > and commit, so let’s move forward together.
> > >
> > > That said, before the final merge operation happens, I still think it
> > > would be beneficial to leave a little more time (perhaps 1~2 more
> > > days) so contributors from other time zones also have a fair
> > > opportunity to participate in the discussion and review process.
> > >
> > > Also, in the parallel 2.2 release discussion thread started by Leonid,
> > > there was a suggestion to land key 2.2 features into the 2.x branch
> > > first. I personally support this direction. I think it addresses many
> > > of the concerns I mentioned earlier around transition coordination and
> > > ongoing in-flight work.
> > >
> > > With the 2.2 release work continuing for more time, I now agree that
> > > moving the PG16 kernel upgrade into the main branch sooner probably
> > > makes more sense overall.
> > >
> > > Before the merge happens, I think there are still several preparation
> > > steps that would help make the transition smoother (I’m happy to help
> > > with these tasks):
> > >
> > > * Create a copy branch from the current main branch (for example
> > > `PG14_ARCHIVE`) to mirror the existing PG14-based code line.
> > > * Apply a similar strategy to related ecosystem repositories where
> > > appropriate, including PXF and cloudberry-backup.
> > > * Clearly document the transition strategy for contributors, including
> > > which branches should receive PG14 fixes versus PG16-targeted
> > > development (can do after the PG16 merging).
> > >
> > > I think these steps can help reduce disruption during the transition
> > > period while still allowing us to move the PG16 work forward.
> > >
> > > Thanks again to everyone driving this huge effort.
> > >
> > >
> > > Best,
> > > Dianjin Wang
> > >
> > > On Tue, May 26, 2026 at 11:05 AM Jinbao Chen <[email protected]>
> > > wrote:
> > > >
> > > > When a new PR is merged into the main branch, the feature branch should,
> > > in
> > > > theory,
> > > > rebase onto the main branch. However, because this specific merge PR is
> > > > massive—containing
> > > > all the code for Postgres 15 and 16 along with numerous bug fixes—a
> > > rebase
> > > > has become
> > > > practically impossible. Consequently, the merge PR must instead merge 
> > > > the
> > > > main branch into
> > > > itself, which will create an additional merge commit on top of the
> > > Postgres
> > > > 16 merge. Eliminating
> > > > this redundant merge commit requires highly complex Git operations, 
> > > > which
> > > > takes time and introduces risk.
> > > >
> > > > Other PRs do not suffer from this issue. They can follow the standard
> > > > workflow and rebase normally,
> > > > which is much simpler and less risky than handling the merge PR.
> > > >
> > > > At the same time, if we choose to wait two to three weeks for existing
> > > PRs
> > > > to merge, new
> > > > PRs will inevitably keep coming in anyway. What, then, would be the 
> > > > point
> > > > of waiting?
> > > >
> > > > On Mon, May 25, 2026 at 4:18 PM Dianjin Wang <[email protected]>
> > > wrote:
> > > >
> > > > > Hi Jinbao, all,
> > > > >
> > > > > First of all, I completely understand the concern about keeping the
> > > main
> > > > > branch blocked for too long, especially considering the size of this
> > > work
> > > > > and the complexity of continuously rebasing such a large upgrade
> > > branch. (I
> > > > > believe some PRs an be merged by now,  but still not somehow).
> > > > >
> > > > > However, I think this transition is not only about merging the
> > > PostgreSQL
> > > > > 16 kernel into the main repository itself, but also about preparing 
> > > > > the
> > > > > broader Cloudberry ecosystem for the transition from PG14 to PG16.
> > > > >
> > > > > For example, several ecosystem components and CI pipelines are
> > > currently
> > > > > still tightly coupled with the existing main branch, including: PXF,
> > > > > cloudberry-backup and potentially other downstream components.
> > > > >
> > > > > Some time may be needed for contributors to evaluate how we can 
> > > > > support
> > > > > both PG14 and PG16 during the transition period.
> > > > >
> > > > > Also, the past three days included the weekend, and according to 
> > > > > normal
> > > > > Apache community practice, review windows around weekends are usually
> > > > > considered differently since many contributors may be offline or on
> > > > > vacation.
> > > > >
> > > > > Another concern is that we are also about to begin discussions around
> > > the
> > > > > 2.2 release (Leonid will send a discussion email later maybe), while
> > > at the
> > > > > same time there are still many active PRs currently under review on
> > > top of
> > > > > the PG14-based main branch — especially around Orca, PAX, Planner, and
> > > > > related areas. My concern is that once the main branch fully switches
> > > to
> > > > > the PG16 kernel, many of these existing PRs may will not be simply
> > > > > cherry-picked from the main to the 2.x release. I think it indeed
> > > needs a
> > > > > good balance to handle with this situation. Everyone handles the
> > > rebased
> > > > > work for PG16, or we do the rebase only once in the PG16 PR.
> > > > >
> > > > > Yesterday I had a brief private discussion with Max, my opinions (no
> > > > > decision, just sharing):
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >    -
> > > > >
> > > > >    allowing a transition/review window (for example around 2–3 weeks),
> > > > >    -
> > > > >
> > > > >    accelerating review and merge of the currently active PG14-based 
> > > > > PRs
> > > > >    during this period,
> > > > >    -
> > > > >
> > > > >    and then temporarily locking the main branch and performing a final
> > > > >    rebase/synchronization of the PG16 branch once - You don’t need to
> > > > > repeatly
> > > > >    rebase to catch up the main’s changes
> > > > >
> > > > > I think this could help:
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >    -
> > > > >
> > > > >    reduce repeated rebase work for the PG16 PR,
> > > > >    -
> > > > >
> > > > >    give ecosystem components some reaction/adaptation time, help us
> > > > >    coordinate with our next 2.x minor release,
> > > > >    -
> > > > >
> > > > >    and help existing contributors land their in-flight work before the
> > > > >    kernel transition fully happens.
> > > > >
> > > > > A good strategy will help us. Just sharing these thoughts for
> > > discussion.
> > > > > We can continue the discussion here, or an open meeting on this. 
> > > > > Thanks
> > > > > again for driving this huge effort forward.
> > > > >
> > > > > Best,
> > > > > Dianjin Wang
> > > > >
> > > > > Jinbao Chen <[email protected]>于2026年5月26日 周二01:27写道:
> > > > >
> > > > > > Hi all,
> > > > > > It has been three days since the PR was submitted. I intend to merge
> > > it
> > > > > > into the main branch today.
> > > > > > Why I chose not to wait any longer:
> > > > > > Firstly, we cannot allow the main trunk to be blocked for an 
> > > > > > extended
> > > > > > period.
> > > > > > Secondly, the sheer size of this PR makes a thorough and effective
> > > review
> > > > > > impossible.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > After merging, we will start fixing the FIXMEs. I am currently
> > > sorting
> > > > > them
> > > > > > out and converting them
> > > > > > into features in project https://github.com/orgs/apache/projects/497
> > > > > >
> > > > > > On Mon, May 25, 2026 at 3:08 AM Kirill Reshke <
> > > [email protected]>
> > > > > > wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > > On Mon, 25 May 2026 at 08:44, Zhang Mingli <[email protected]>
> > > > > wrote:
> > > > > > > >I think we should go ahead and merge it in.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > +1
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > --
> > > > > > > Best regards,
> > > > > > > Kirill Reshke
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >
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-- 
Best regards,
Kirill Reshke

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