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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KAFKA-1555?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=14080210#comment-14080210
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Joe Stein commented on KAFKA-1555:
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+1 to introduce a new semantic when ack <= -2. The semantic will be that a 
messages is only acked with no error if at the time the message is committed, 
ISR >= |ack|. If a message is committed with ISR < |ack|, we will return an 
UnderReplicatedError


> provide strong consistency with reasonable availability
> -------------------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: KAFKA-1555
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/KAFKA-1555
>             Project: Kafka
>          Issue Type: Improvement
>          Components: controller
>    Affects Versions: 0.8.1.1
>            Reporter: Jiang Wu
>            Assignee: Neha Narkhede
>
> In a mission critical application, we expect a kafka cluster with 3 brokers 
> can satisfy two requirements:
> 1. When 1 broker is down, no message loss or service blocking happens.
> 2. In worse cases such as two brokers are down, service can be blocked, but 
> no message loss happens.
> We found that current kafka versoin (0.8.1.1) cannot achieve the requirements 
> due to its three behaviors:
> 1. when choosing a new leader from 2 followers in ISR, the one with less 
> messages may be chosen as the leader.
> 2. even when replica.lag.max.messages=0, a follower can stay in ISR when it 
> has less messages than the leader.
> 3. ISR can contains only 1 broker, therefore acknowledged messages may be 
> stored in only 1 broker.
> The following is an analytical proof. 
> We consider a cluster with 3 brokers and a topic with 3 replicas, and assume 
> that at the beginning, all 3 replicas, leader A, followers B and C, are in 
> sync, i.e., they have the same messages and are all in ISR.
> According to the value of request.required.acks (acks for short), there are 
> the following cases.
> 1. acks=0, 1, 3. Obviously these settings do not satisfy the requirement.
> 2. acks=2. Producer sends a message m. It's acknowledged by A and B. At this 
> time, although C hasn't received m, C is still in ISR. If A is killed, C can 
> be elected as the new leader, and consumers will miss m.
> 3. acks=-1. B and C restart and are removed from ISR. Producer sends a 
> message m to A, and receives an acknowledgement. Disk failure happens in A 
> before B and C replicate m. Message m is lost.
> In summary, any existing configuration cannot satisfy the requirements.



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