iverase commented on a change in pull request #556: LUCENE-8673: Use radix 
partitioning when merging dimensional points
URL: https://github.com/apache/lucene-solr/pull/556#discussion_r253495525
 
 

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 File path: 
lucene/core/src/java/org/apache/lucene/util/bkd/BKDRadixSelector.java
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 @@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
+ * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
+ * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
+ * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+ * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+ * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+package org.apache.lucene.util.bkd;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRef;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.FutureArrays;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.IntroSelector;
+
+/**
+ *
+ * Offline Radix selector for BKD tree.
+ *
+ *  @lucene.internal
+ * */
+public final class BKDRadixSelector {
+  //size of the histogram
+  private static final int HISTOGRAM_SIZE = 256;
+  // we store one histogram per recursion level
+  private final long[][] histogram;
+  //bytes we are sorting
+  private final int bytesPerDim;
+  // number of bytes to be sorted: bytesPerDim + Integer.BYTES
+  private final int bytesSorted;
+  //data dimensions size
+  private final int packedBytesLength;
+  //flag to when we are moving to sort on heap
+  private final int maxPointsSortedOffHeap;
+  //reusable buffer
+  private final byte[] offlineBuffer;
+  //holder for partition points
+  private final int[] partitionBucket;
+  //holder for partition bytes
+  private final byte[] partitionBytes;
+  //re-usable on-heap selector
+  private final HeapSelector heapSelector;
+  // scratch object to move bytes around
+  private final BytesRef bytesRef1 = new BytesRef();
+  // scratch object to move bytes around
+  private final BytesRef bytesRef2 = new BytesRef();
+  //Directory to create new Offline writer
+  private final Directory tempDir;
+  // prefix for temp files
+  private final String tempFileNamePrefix;
+
+
+
+  /**
+   * Sole constructor.
+   */
+  public BKDRadixSelector(int numDim, int bytesPerDim, int 
maxPointsSortedOffHeap, Directory tempDir, String tempFileNamePrefix) {
+    this.bytesPerDim = bytesPerDim;
+    this.packedBytesLength = numDim * bytesPerDim;
+    this.bytesSorted = bytesPerDim + Integer.BYTES;
+    this.maxPointsSortedOffHeap = maxPointsSortedOffHeap;
+    this.offlineBuffer = new byte[maxPointsSortedOffHeap * (packedBytesLength 
+ Integer.BYTES)];
+    this.partitionBucket = new int[bytesSorted];
+    this.partitionBytes =  new byte[bytesSorted];
+    this.histogram = new long[bytesSorted][HISTOGRAM_SIZE];
+    this.bytesRef1.length = numDim * bytesPerDim;
+    this.heapSelector = new HeapSelector(numDim, bytesPerDim);
+    this.tempDir = tempDir;
+    this.tempFileNamePrefix = tempFileNamePrefix;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Method to partition the input data. It returns the value of the dimension 
where
+   * the split happens.
+   */
+  public byte[] select(PointWriter points, PointWriter left, PointWriter 
right, long from, long to, long partitionPoint, int dim) throws IOException {
+    checkArgs(from, to, partitionPoint);
+
+    //If we are on heap then we just select on heap
+    if (points instanceof HeapPointWriter) {
+      return heapSelect((HeapPointWriter) points, left, right, dim, 
Math.toIntExact(from), Math.toIntExact(to),  Math.toIntExact(partitionPoint), 
0);
+    }
+
+    //reset histogram
+    for (int i = 0; i < bytesSorted; i++) {
+      Arrays.fill(histogram[i], 0);
+    }
+    OfflinePointWriter offlinePointWriter = (OfflinePointWriter) points;
+
+    //find common prefix, it does already set histogram values if needed
+    int commonPrefix = findCommonPrefix(offlinePointWriter, from, to, dim);
+
+    //if all equals we just partition the data
+    if (commonPrefix ==  bytesSorted) {
+      return partition(offlinePointWriter, left, right, from, to, 
partitionPoint, dim, null, commonPrefix - 1, partitionPoint);
+    }
+    //let's rock'n'roll
+    return buildHistogramAndPartition(offlinePointWriter, null, left, right, 
from, to, partitionPoint, 0, commonPrefix, dim,0, 0);
+  }
+
+  void checkArgs(long from, long to, long middle) {
+    if (middle < from) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("middle must be >= from");
+    }
+    if (middle >= to) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("middle must be < to");
+    }
+  }
+
+  private int findCommonPrefix(OfflinePointWriter points, long from, long to, 
int dim) throws IOException{
+    //find common prefix
+    byte[] commonPrefix = new byte[bytesSorted];
+    int commonPrefixPosition = bytesSorted;
+    try (OfflinePointReader reader = points.getReader(from, to - from, 
maxPointsSortedOffHeap, offlineBuffer)) {
+      reader.next();
+      reader.docValue(bytesRef1);
+      // copy dimension
+      System.arraycopy(bytesRef1.bytes, bytesRef1.offset + dim * bytesPerDim, 
commonPrefix, 0, bytesPerDim);
+      // copy docID
+      System.arraycopy(bytesRef1.bytes, bytesRef1.offset + packedBytesLength, 
commonPrefix, bytesPerDim, Integer.BYTES);
+      for (long i =from + 1; i< to; i++) {
+        reader.next();
+        reader.docValue(bytesRef1);
+        int startIndex =  dim * bytesPerDim;
+        int endIndex  = (commonPrefixPosition > bytesPerDim) ? startIndex + 
bytesPerDim :  startIndex + commonPrefixPosition;
+        int j = FutureArrays.mismatch(commonPrefix, 0, endIndex - startIndex, 
bytesRef1.bytes, bytesRef1.offset + startIndex, bytesRef1.offset + endIndex);
+        if (j == 0) {
+          return 0;
+        } else if (j == -1) {
+          if (commonPrefixPosition > bytesPerDim) {
+            //tie-break on docID
+            int k = FutureArrays.mismatch(commonPrefix, bytesPerDim, 
commonPrefixPosition, bytesRef1.bytes, bytesRef1.offset + packedBytesLength, 
bytesRef1.offset + packedBytesLength + commonPrefixPosition - bytesPerDim );
+            if (k != -1) {
+              commonPrefixPosition = bytesPerDim + k;
+            }
+          }
+        } else {
+          commonPrefixPosition = j;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    //build histogram up to the common prefix
+    for (int i=0; i < commonPrefixPosition; i++) {
+      partitionBucket[i] = commonPrefix[i] & 0xff;
+      partitionBytes[i] = commonPrefix[i];
+      histogram[i][partitionBucket[i]] = to - from;
+    }
+    return commonPrefixPosition;
+  }
+
+  private byte[] buildHistogramAndPartition(OfflinePointWriter points, 
OfflinePointWriter deltaPoints, PointWriter left, PointWriter right,
+                                            long from, long to, long 
partitionPoint, int iteration,  int commonPrefix, int dim, long leftCount, long 
rightCount) throws IOException {
+    //Choose the right set of points
+    OfflinePointWriter currentPoints;
+    long start;
+    long length;
+    if (deltaPoints == null) {
+      currentPoints =  points;
+      start = from;
+      length = to - from;
+    } else {
+      currentPoints =  deltaPoints;
+      start = 0;
+      length = deltaPoints.count;
+    }
 
 Review comment:
   I have changed the algorithm so we partition data as we recurse. It does 
simplify the code.

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