I noticed several instances of preprocessor logic like this example from register_driver() in fs_registerdriver.c: #ifdef CONFIG_FILE_MODE node->i_mode = mode; #endif But there doesn't seem to be such a Kconfig option. Did I miss something? Or is this a remnant from a bygone era?
No, it was intended to be a placeholder for future support. These security-related features will be needed someday, but they are not used today (or even fully implemented). This conditions out logic that depends on user and group privileges.
No harm in removing code conditioned on CONFIG_FILE_MODE other than we will have to restore it someday.