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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/OPENJPA-1066?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=13925542#comment-13925542
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Christoph Ewerlin commented on OPENJPA-1066:
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GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY (START WITH 1...) works for us.
Please update the respective data base dictionaries so that during schema
auto-creation tables are generated with IDs not starting at 0.
We encounter the issue with org.apache.openjpa.jdbc.sql.HSQLDictionary
> Generated ID starting with 0 can cause unexpected results
> ---------------------------------------------------------
>
> Key: OPENJPA-1066
> URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/OPENJPA-1066
> Project: OpenJPA
> Issue Type: Improvement
> Components: kernel
> Affects Versions: 2.2.0
> Environment: any DB that allows a generated id to start with 0. And
> an entity that maps that generated id to an int instead of an Integer
> Reporter: B.J. Reed
> Priority: Minor
> Attachments: GeneratedIDStartsWith0.ZIP
>
>
> Several DB's allow a generated id column to start with 0.
> For instance, DB2 allows "GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY (START WITH 0)...."
> When this is used, the very first object will have an id of 0. When entities
> are first created, the user usually won't fill in the corresponding id field
> (since it will be generated by the DB when the entity is put in the DB), so
> it defaults to 0. The entity manager then uses this 0 and sees that an
> entity already exists and will update the old entity in stead of creating a
> new one.
> This is not a large issue, because a user could simply specify "START WITH 1"
> as a very simple workaround or they could use an Integer instead of an int,
> but it would be nice to fix so that new users don't hit this problem.
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