Josh, I *think* it might be a combination of the two. I'm asking others who
were seeing it more often than I did to test a possible fix (I will share
an updated compiler build with them), because repro of the actual issue is
still quite challenging.
*if* it works (maybe will need 1-2 days to be sure), I'll push it either
directly to dev or via branch/PR (lmk what you prefer) and I'd certainly
appreciate your review of that if possible. I did use a bit of AI support
for the sleuthing and the testing, but you have spent much more time in the
compiler codebase than I have.
For now, though, fingers crossed....



On Wed, May 13, 2026 at 4:00 AM Josh Tynjala <[email protected]>
wrote:

> Thanks for the update, Greg. Threading could certainly be a cause if we
> arre missing some kind of synchronization. I know that we have
> workspace.startBuilding() and workspace.startIdleState() as ways of
> ensuring threads are under control. We may be missing one of those calls
> somewhere before emitting JS.
>
> As for GC, I recall that reducing JVM memory wasn't necessarily enough for
> me to reproduce the other GC related bug I mentioned, strange as that
> seems. I remember also adding System.gc() calls in various places (though I
> don't remember exactly where), and I think that's what finally allowed me
> to reproduce the issue semi-reliably.
>
> --
> Josh Tynjala
> Bowler Hat LLC
> https://bowlerhat.dev/
>
>
> On Mon, May 11, 2026 at 10:15 PM Greg Dove <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> > Hey Josh,
> >
> > I am actively looking into this again. I am less convinced that it is GC
> > related (I reduced memory allocation to low levels) and perhaps it is
> more
> > to do with threads/race-conditions. But it's very difficult to be sure, I
> > spent today adding logging and trying to repro, but did not repro the bug
> > all day. I will keep on this tomorrow trying to find the right conditions
> > to force it to occur. If I can figure out what those are, I will share
> them
> > with you.
> >
> > -Greg
> >
> >
> > On Tue, May 5, 2026 at 9:06 AM Greg Dove <[email protected]> wrote:
> >
> > > Wake up brain (self talk):
> > > "and then not wrong for subsequent output" <- should be of course "and
> > > then wrong for subsequent output".
> > >
> > > On Tue, May 5, 2026 at 9:05 AM Greg Dove <[email protected]> wrote:
> > >
> > >> Thanks for looking into this, Josh.
> > >>
> > >>  "If it isn't too difficult to reproduce"
> > >> Quick comments, just in case it helps:
> > >>
> > >> It was not something I could repro for debugging purposes in the
> > >> compiler. It was still 'rare' in practice - max 2-3 times per day
> that I
> > >> observed, sometimes only once a day - and not manifesting in the same
> > code
> > >> - although perhaps that is simply because code can change a lot
> between
> > >> compiler runs - and "awareness" was based on the app not starting up
> > >> correctly or noticeable runtime errors. I did not check this: perhaps
> > it is
> > >> happening more often than I think but with no side effects. This could
> > >> happen if it sometimes outputs a typed method as instance.method()
> where
> > >> type resolution worked and elsewhere alongside as instance['method']()
> > >> where it did not. The problem might not simply get noticed in this
> case,
> > >> but this is pure speculation, I have not checked for this.
> > >>
> > >> I did not try reducing heap allocation or anything to try to create
> > >> conditions for it to perhaps happen more often if it is memory/GC
> > related.
> > >>
> > >> I see notes like this in the code:
> > >> // If we get this far, then we did not find a cached entry
> > >> // It is possible for 2+ threads to get in here for the same name.
> > >>  // This is intentional - the worst that happens is that we duplicate
> > the
> > >> resolution work
> > >> // the benefit is that we avoid any sort of locking, which was proving
> > >> expensive (time wise,
> > >> // and memory wise).
> > >>
> > >> When you see the code that was problematic output, you can see the
> same
> > >> name lookup inside a js method that is obviously correctly resolved
> > >> (anecdotally it seems to be more often 'correct' the first time) and
> > then
> > >> not wrong for subsequent output, in nearby code, so I assume it might
> be
> > >> related to some unsynchronized state or failure to do that 'duplicate'
> > >> resolution work, where the various parts were being processed in
> > parallel...
> > >>
> > >> Anyway, good luck, please let me know if you have anything you think I
> > >> could do to help.
> > >>
> > >>
> > >>
> > >> On Tue, May 5, 2026 at 6:29 AM Harbs <[email protected]> wrote:
> > >>
> > >>> Sure. I’ll be in touch off list.
> > >>>
> > >>> > On May 4, 2026, at 9:18 PM, Josh Tynjala <
> [email protected]>
> > >>> wrote:
> > >>> >
> > >>> > Would you be willing to give me access to the project? If it isn't
> > too
> > >>> > difficult to reproduce, I may be able to figure out what's going on
> > >>> and how
> > >>> > to restore the missing typing data, similar to my other fix. My
> > >>> feeling is
> > >>> > that the original Adobe devs intended for occasional garbage
> > >>> collection to
> > >>> > occur to stay within memory limits, but that the data would be
> > >>> restorable,
> > >>> > if needed later. I think that they simply missed some places where
> it
> > >>> might
> > >>> > need to be restored because it happens pretty rarely. Or maybe our
> > >>> newer JS
> > >>> > emitter isn't properly accounting for that possibility.
> > >>> >
> > >>> > --
> > >>> > Josh Tynjala
> > >>> > Bowler Hat LLC
> > >>> > https://bowlerhat.dev/
> > >>> >
> > >>> >
> > >>> > On Mon, May 4, 2026 at 10:37 AM Harbs <[email protected]>
> wrote:
> > >>> >
> > >>> >>> You've tested that this issue still
> > >>> >>> reproduces using a compiler built from the latest source code?
> > >>> >>
> > >>> >> This was reproduced by a number of devs all working on the same
> > >>> project.
> > >>> >> And yes, it was with recent builds.
> > >>> >>
> > >>> >> I don’t think I personally have seen it (I have a lot of memory on
> > my
> > >>> >> machine), but it seems to have gotten worse recently. I don’t know
> > if
> > >>> >> something changed in the compiler or it’s due to the increased
> > >>> project size.
> > >>> >>
> > >>> >> This was with variables — not functions.
> > >>> >>
> > >>> >> Harbs
> > >>> >>
> > >>> >>> On May 4, 2026, at 6:54 PM, Josh Tynjala <
> > [email protected]>
> > >>> >> wrote:
> > >>> >>>
> > >>> >>> This issue may be the same one:
> > >>> >>>
> > >>> >>> https://github.com/apache/royale-compiler/issues/182
> > >>> >>>
> > >>> >>> I also encountered and fixed an issue related weak references a
> > >>> little
> > >>> >> over
> > >>> >>> a year ago. Function bodies were getting garbage collected, and I
> > >>> needed
> > >>> >> to
> > >>> >>> clear out some stale definitions that were causing missing
> classes
> > in
> > >>> >>> generated ASDoc output and some similar issues with the -watch
> > >>> compiler
> > >>> >>> option.
> > >>> >>>
> > >>> >>>
> > >>> >>
> > >>>
> >
> https://github.com/apache/royale-compiler/commit/35eed62f13519c659e6346d26cca3f44afe3170f
> > >>> >>>
> > >>> >>> This fix does not appear to have made it into a release yet.
> You're
> > >>> not
> > >>> >>> using an older compiler build, right? You've tested that this
> issue
> > >>> still
> > >>> >>> reproduces using a compiler built from the latest source code?
> > >>> >>>
> > >>> >>> --
> > >>> >>> Josh Tynjala
> > >>> >>> Bowler Hat LLC
> > >>> >>> https://bowlerhat.dev/
> > >>> >>>
> > >>> >>>
> > >>> >>> On Sun, May 3, 2026 at 9:40 PM Greg Dove <[email protected]>
> > >>> wrote:
> > >>> >>>
> > >>> >>>> Compiler issues - (Josh, please?)
> > >>> >>>>
> > >>> >>>> We have a medium-sized project that has begun encountering
> > >>> >> occasional/rare
> > >>> >>>> (but at least daily during normal workloads) compilation issues
> > that
> > >>> >> appear
> > >>> >>>> to be related to name/type resolution. There can be code within
> a
> > >>> method
> > >>> >>>> output where the name resolves correctly to its type in one part
> > of
> > >>> the
> > >>> >>>> method's js output and elsewhere within the same js method
> output
> > >>> as if
> > >>> >> it
> > >>> >>>> was Object/untyped. This is most obvious with XML or XMLList
> > >>> instances
> > >>> >>>> (because of .child('prop') vs ['prop] differences). I've also
> seen
> > >>> it
> > >>> >> get
> > >>> >>>> confused between local variables and instance properties in some
> > >>> cases,
> > >>> >>>> which I believe is a manifestation of the same thing. In other
> > >>> words,
> > >>> >>>> different compilation runs with the exact same settings are not
> > >>> >>>> completely deterministic, because sometimes they can provide
> > >>> different
> > >>> >>>> output. It is very difficult to repro, because it feels so
> random.
> > >>> But
> > >>> >> it
> > >>> >>>> has been something that appears to be more frequent as the
> > codebase
> > >>> >> grows
> > >>> >>>> (when all other settings remain the same). This led me to
> consider
> > >>> that
> > >>> >> it
> > >>> >>>> could be GC-related, and I recently removed the SoftReferences
> > >>> inside
> > >>> >>>> ASScopeCache, as a prime suspect.
> > >>> >>>>
> > >>> >>>> After doing this, I have not seen the problem since (so far -
> > after
> > >>> 1.5
> > >>> >>>> days)
> > >>> >>>>
> > >>> >>>> The ASScopeCache instances themselves are weakly held (inside
> > >>> >>>> CompilerProject). So the internal maps inside each of these
> > >>> instances
> > >>> >> being
> > >>> >>>> weakly held as well seems to be the problem, the internal maps
> can
> > >>> >> perhaps
> > >>> >>>> get into a partially cleared state between threads.
> > >>> >>>>
> > >>> >>>> I did some memory profiling with and without this change for
> > >>> removing
> > >>> >> the
> > >>> >>>> SoftReferences inside ASScopeCache - but it was quite limited
> > (just
> > >>> >> testing
> > >>> >>>> with compiling the one project). The memory usage was not much
> > >>> >> different on
> > >>> >>>> a typical run (approx 1Mb difference for a compilation with
> around
> > >>> 1000
> > >>> >> .as
> > >>> >>>> and .mxml files combined, alongside a bunch of local swcs).
> There
> > >>> was
> > >>> >>>> possibly a small speed up without the SoftReferences, but I did
> > not
> > >>> test
> > >>> >>>> enough to be sure.
> > >>> >>>> But so far it seems there is not a big impact on memory with
> > >>> omitting
> > >>> >>>> these. If it introduces consistency I'm kinda keen to get it in
> > >>> there -
> > >>> >> I
> > >>> >>>> know others have definitely seen this problem too.
> > >>> >>>> And for Josh in particular: I think your compiler experience
> > dwarfs
> > >>> the
> > >>> >>>> rest of us and wanted to get your feedback instead of just
> jumping
> > >>> in
> > >>> >> with
> > >>> >>>> this one. One option could also be to make this change as a
> > compiler
> > >>> >>>> option, with the new non-weak references being the default, but
> > >>> with the
> > >>> >>>> ability to switch to the older behaviour via the option if that
> > was
> > >>> >>>> considered important as well... look forward to hearing your
> > >>> thoughts.
> > >>> >>>>
> > >>> >>
> > >>> >>
> > >>>
> > >>>
> >
>

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