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https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/UIMA-2434?page=com.atlassian.jira.plugin.system.issuetabpanels:comment-tabpanel&focusedCommentId=13649746#comment-13649746
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Marshall Schor commented on UIMA-2434:
--------------------------------------

yes, that's right.

We currently only have serialization -> deserialization, or cas copying to
accomplish reclaiming space - it's like a stop-and-copy garbage collection.
                
> Feature structure removal from sorted index is very slow
> --------------------------------------------------------
>
>                 Key: UIMA-2434
>                 URL: https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/UIMA-2434
>             Project: UIMA
>          Issue Type: Improvement
>          Components: Core Java Framework
>    Affects Versions: 2.3.1SDK
>            Reporter: Mikhail Sogrin
>            Assignee: Marshall Schor
>             Fix For: 2.4.1SDK
>
>
> Removal of feature structures from sorted indexes (e.g. default index) is 
> very slow. FSIntArrayIndex.remove() method performs two operations: linear 
> search in the array until the given FS is found, followed by the shift of 
> elements to the end of this array by one position to the left.
> If many annotations (millions and more) are being deleted at once, this 
> operation gets very very slow - much slower than adding these annotations in 
> the first place. It seems to require O(N^2) time to remove N annotations.
> One item is the linear search, which can be replaced by the binary search 
> method, which is already implemented in the same class.
> Second, array copy can be done with Java built-in method instead of a custom 
> loop.
> Ideally, a method for bulk removal of a collection of annotations would have 
> been the most efficient, for example a method to remove all annotations of a 
> given type.

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