Dear kalyanamitras, Saya berkunjung ke sebuah website Buddhanet Taiwan, di dalam forum itu kebetulan ada seorang teman pengunjung yang ternyata adalah orang dari sisa2 suku Sakya, tapi sekarang tidak disebut suku Sakya melainkan Newari. Konon suku Sakya sudah dibabat habis oleh Pangeran Virudhaka 2500 tahun yang lalu. Tapi dari penuturan teman kita ini, dari pembantaian 70.000 suku Sakya saat itu ternyata ada sedikit yang sempat lolos. Keturunan suku Sakya masih dapat dijumpai di Nepal, dan teman kita ini adalah salah satunya. Di sini tidak bermaksud meninggikan status keturunan Suku Sakya, karena apalah arti seorang keturuan suku Sakya, toh ajaran Buddha justru tidak membatasi suku ras agama dll. Tapi yang perlu diperhatikan di sini adalah bahwa sisa2 keturunan suku Sakya tentu menyimpan informasi penting karena sebuah suku biasanya mempertahankan tradisi mereka dan khususnya ini adalah satu satunya suku di Nepal yang masih berpegang teguh pada tradisi Buddhisme India khususnya Mahayana. Yang menarik disini adalah penuturannya yang sangat bermanfaat mengenai Sutra2 Mahayana dan tradisi chanting yang tentu lebih terkesan mendekati original mahayana Nepal. Ini menjadi sebuah informasi penting untuk membandingkan tradisi Theravada yang konon selalu merasa yang paling original tradisi Buddhis-nya. Namun perbandingan ini jangan pula dianggap ada maksud ingin menganggap siapa yang lebih superior atau semacamnya. Semuanya sama sama berasal dari Buddha Sakyamuni. Ini sudah lebih dari cukup. Ok? º
Berikut kutipan pengenalan dirinya dari sebuah forum dan dialognya dengan beberapa teman: (ini adalah forum berbahasa mandarin dan beliau masuk dengan menggunakan bahasa inggris). Saya hanya akan mengutip penuturan yang inggris, dan mandarin akan terjemahkan dan ada pula yang saya hilangkan karena ada beberapa tanggapan yang tidak begitu penting): Shakya wrote: Hello Dharma friends, I am Shakya, Studying Buddhism in United States. I have been studying Buddhism for a while. I like Buddhism because it teaches us a scientific approach to tackle daily practices, which are valid and successful for decades. Here I have joined this group to discuss some of this issues and happy to share what I know on Buddhism and want to know more from our dharma friends. Hope we will be communicating each other successfully. May we Generate Wisdom and Compassion in our Mind! All the Best Shakya, USA ----------- Tony wrote: Hi Shakya, Christine claimed that you are a descendent of Buddha Shakyamuni's family. I'm really surprised. To my limited knowledge, all family members of Buddha Shakyamuni were killed during the war. Those who survived were monks and nuns. Can you tell us what you know about your lineage's history? Thanks, Tony ---------- Shakya wrote: Hi Tony, Acually we still believe that we are descendent of Buddha Shakyamuni's family in Nepal. During all Buddha Shakyamuni period there are thousands of Sakyas But Virudhaka (The king) killed nearly 70000 Sakyas. Lots of Sakyas escaped. We may be one of them who escaped from that massacre. Other one story related to our lineage, It is about the Buddha, making of rules to wear a shoes for monks. Because after Ananda the disciple of Buddha, eventually he is also from sakya family. He went to the kathmandu valley to meet his relatives. After come back from kathmandu his legs were eaten by show. Buddha saw these things and made a rule to wear shoes if needed. This story tells us that some of the relatives are living in kathmandu valley, where we live nowadays. And similarly we had history of 2000 years that we are worshipping Buddha and being Buddhist for decades. That points I have mentioned above bring us to believe that we have some thing relation with Sakyamuni Buddha. I live in CA. Actually I have been through all kinds of Buddhist practices. When I am teenager, I have got chance to learn theravada Buddhism in Nepal. I have also been to the 10 days meditation course of Arcarya Goenka, according to Vippasana tradition., Which is still practicing well in all over the world. But after some time my father introduced to the Tibetan Buddhism, I have been very fortunate to be born in Buddhist family, I have got chance to listen and got initiated by several Rinpoches., Who live in Nepal. My Guru or teachers are especially from Kagyupa and Nyigmapa tradition. But I am also very like the Gelukpa tradition and Specially Dalai lama's practice of Compassion was unmatchable. ----------- JinHan wrote: Dear Shakya, Are you a Neward people ? ----------- Shakya wrote: Dear Jinhan, Yes, I am Newar. I born in Lalitpur city. My mother language is Newari. -------------- JinHan wrote: It is great! Does your family keep the tradition to chant sutras in Sanskrit ? It seems you are also a Vajrayana buddhist. I know neward people keep the tradition of indian Vajrayana in Nepal, even some Thervada also keep the tradition. Would you please introduce it to us ? --------------- Shakya wrote: Dear JinHan Most of the Sutras are in Sanskrit we usually read and chant. However, these days some sutras are also available in Newari language. You are right. We are Vajrayana Buddhist according our old tradition, but new generations are more attracted to Theravada tradition because they do not keep the ritual going. Vajrayana tradition and practices are very highly profound. Nepalese Buddhism is a unique Buddhism. It is a Vajrayana Buddhism. It is unique because It is tradition which usually practice in Nalanda, India. Newari Vajrayana Buddhism preserved the tradition and ritual of Nalanda. Most of the westerners are very much familiar with these things. They wrote lots of Book regarding Newari Buddhism. ----------- ZhiCheng wrote: Dear Bro. Shakya, I'm a Theravadin from Malaysia.Nice to know you! May you be well and happy. ----------- Shakya wrote: Dear Dharma Friends, I am very pleased to get a warm welcome from all friends. I am very thankful to all of you. Hope I will continue to talk and post some knowledge what I know. I am working on a project of Digital Sanskrit Buddhist Sutras. If some one who are interested to my work they can ask any question concerning particular topic. I am very happy to answer. Similarly, everybody can share his or her own knowledge with me. ------------ JinHan wrote: So powerful idea you given. Many thanks to it. According to your speech, Newari Vajrayana Buddhism preserved the tradition and ritual of Nalanda. It is so exciting message to me. Would you please introduce books concerning this issue or idea ? Because I am searching stuffs about "Lost" indian Buddhism such as chanting progress. Also do you know any tapes or CDs about Newary chanting in Sanskrit? Actually, there is very few message about Newari Buddhism in Taiwan. My teacher, a professor in Canada, has mentioned about that, but he said he must collect the materials in Nepal. Particularly, he said Newar people didn't teach their tradition to the others people as their wish. Excuse me. By the way, do you, Newari people also preserve the Mahayana tradition of Nalanda ? I can find very few materials regarding that. I am very appreciated at your help if you can tell me those book about them. Thank you. Also, do your people keep chanting Saddharmapuntarikasutra ? Or do you hear anyone who is practicing the sutra ? Thank you for your help ! Sorry ! My job is the research on the Chinese version of Saddharmapuntarikasutra translated by Master Kumarajiva¡]¹§¼¯Ã¹¤°¡^. Very nice to know you here. For your convinience, you may write to me via E-mail. Here may I ask a query: what are the 9 dharmas in Nepal ? I would like to know who the first one giving the topic or organising them ? Previously I memtioned about the chanting tape or CDs in Sanskrit. The first one is the Saddharmapuntrikasutra because I hope to hear the voice in Sanskrit so that I can follow. I wish the dream which can come true. If you know where can buy them, I will come to buy them. --------------- Shakya wrote: Dear Jinhan, Glad to know about your interest on Newar Buddhism. Nine Dharmas in Nepal is the 9 Sutras. They are very popular indeed.They are as follows. 1. Prajnaparamita Sutra 2. Lalitavistara Sutra 3. Saddarmapundrika Sutra 4. Tathagatha Guhyaka sutra 5. Suvarna Prabhasa Sutra 6. Gandhavyuha sutra 7. Lankavatara Sutra 8. Dasa Bhumi Sutra 9. Samadhi raja Sutra About the book concerning Newar Buddhism and ritual/ pracities, I have one book to recommend, It was written by By David N. Gellner, Book title is Monk, Householder, and Tantric Priest: Newar Buddhism and its Hierarchy of Ritual Concerning the Chanting Sutra, There are some Cd or cassettes of Reciting Namasangati text. and some of Buddhist hymes. But I didn't know about the sutras reciting tape or Cd which I have metioned above. I would be glad to answer more question concerning Newar Buddhism. ------------------- JinHan wrote: Very thanks for your answer. Kindly please explan why the 9 dharmas is so popular in Nepal? I mean is it organised by any master in Nepal ? By the way, it seems that the 9 dharmas has the Sanskrit version, where I can buy them ? Thank you. ------------------- Shakya wrote: Nine dharma are very important in Nepal. These are like a 9 precious jewel for us. Most of the people must have one of sutra in each home. That¡¦s makes these Sutras very precious indeed. It was not organized by any master as far as I know. These nines sutras are very much carrying all the Buddhist teachings. For wisdom, Prajnaparamita Sutra, compassion stories or Jataka in Suvarnaprabhasa Sutra. Dasabhumi. Ten stage of Enlightenment. Similarly Gandavyuha Sutra concerning Sudhana stories. Tathagata Guhyaka Sutra concerning Buddhist tratric methods. This way These 9 Sutras guide us to lead through the spiritual journey. About the availability of Sanskrit version of this sutra, basically these all sutra are originally in Sanskrit language which we can found in Nepal. There are various versions of printing text available in market. ---------------------- JinHan wrote: (mandarin) Sejauh yang saya ketahui, Suku Newar mungkin adalah satu-satunya suku yang masih mempertahankan tradisi Buddhisme India. Mereka merupakan keturunan dari Buddha Sakyamuni (suku Sakya), dan masih mempertahankan kitab suci Buddhis berbahasa Sankrit dan tata cara kebaktian bahasa Sanskrit, dan khususnya tradisi Vajrayana. Mereka menetap di Nepal. Kita masih dapat berjumpa dengan mereka di Kathmandu. Namun berhubung mereka tidak ingin sembarangan mengajarkan ajaran mereka kepada orang luar, maka pemahaman orang luar terhadap mereka masih bersifat misterius. Mengenai ajaran 9 dharma di Nepal, yakni 9 kitab suci, melalui penjelasan dari saudara Shakya, maka telah jelas ini merupakan tradisi yang dimiliki agama Buddha Newari di Nepal, termasuk semua jenis kitab suci mahayana. Sesungguhnya, Tradisi Buddhisme Tibet yang ada sekarang itu sebagian besar adalah berasal dari suku Newar, termasuk seni Tanka-nya. Pada sisi lain bahasa yang dimiliki oleh suku Newari sangat berdekatan dengan bahasa Tibet. JinHan wrote (inggris) : Thanks for your precious explanation. It is very important to us. What you mentioned the custom about each Newari family keep one sutra, it remind me of a great Tibetant Buddhism yogi and poet,Master Milaba. His family also keep a sutra ¤jÄ_¿n ¸g"MahaRatnakutasutra"(? sorry I cannot ensure). I think maybe his family follow this custom which has the relation of Newari. ----------- Shakya wrote: Dear friends I am extremely glad to see our friends' interest on Nine Sutras or Dharmas. They are very highly respected sutras around the world. On the process of Diffusion of Buddhism from Nalanda to Tibet, most of the Indian Buddhist Pandits visited Nepal on the way to Tibet. They spent some times to practice and visit some sacred places of Nepal. Then they left for Tibet. Most of the renowned Buddhist master like Marpa, Milarepa and Acarya Atisa Dipamkara Srijnana etc. They stayed in Nepal and also learned and taught to the Nepalese people. This way these Masters lineages and practice methods were still being observed in Nepal. There is no doubt to say that practices methods of Tibetan Buddhism and Newari Buddhism have lots of common. However, rituals may be different due to culture differences. --------------- JinHan wrote: Throught your explanation, I got an important idea. Is it right that we can say the complete Mahayana sutras consist of 9 dharmas ? Are they the main structure of tripitika in Nepal Buddhism or India Buddhism ? Can you prove that Newari people has the lineage of Nalanda Buddhism ? Would you please explan what the tradition of Nalanda Buddhism ? I mean you may has some records or books which decribe the tradition of Nalanda Buddhism. Really nalanda in Bihar is very near to Nepal. --------- Shakya wrote: 9 dharmas consist of important sutras of Mahayana. But it is not complete Mahayana sutras. Mahayana sutras are innumerable. For Mahayanist it is respected as tripitika. But not actually it is a Tripitaka. My claiming has some logic because there are bunches of Nepalese Buddhist scholars who also got chance to study at Nalanda. They also trained well. Some of them also got initiated and learned through Indian Pandita. They are like Amoghvajra, Vagisvara kirti, santasri etc. They are renowned as well as good practitioner. We believe that present Vajracaryas of Nepal are still practicing same lineages, which is passing through the decade by these Masters. Concerning Nalanda Buddhism, I am talking about Vajrayana tradition which consists of different kinds of tantric ritual and initiation of different tantric deity etc. Similarly Buddhism in Nepal is greatly influence by the Theravada tradition of Srilanka, Burma and Thailand. Most of the Nepalese people who are trained in this countries and after they come back to serve and propagate true teaching of the Buddha all over the world. Nepal is the land of The Buddha Sakyamuni, It is also a place of various sacred places like guru Padmasambhava asura cave where he practices. and Milarepa cave and Svayambhu Stupa and Boudha Stupa which are a world reknowned Stupa. If friends have any questions regards these subject Please fill free to ask. ----------- ZhiCheng wrote: How about the bhikkhuni lineage in Nepal? ---------------- Shakya wrote: In Newar Buddhism, there are no a monks and nuns like others. But we called household monks. They look like layman. But they practice as monks and also have given a status of monk. To be called household monks we have to practice and also have to become monk for four days and after disrobe, they have to promise to practice according to bodhisattva vows and spent whole life to practice bodhisattva way of life. Similarly present situation of Theravadin tradition in Nepal, we have no Bhikkhuni lineage. Some of Anagarikas became Bhikkhunis according to the Chinese Bhikkhuni tradition. But in fact right now there is no lineage of Theravadin Bhikkhuni in Nepal. But in past there are some inscriptions in Kathmandu valley showing the presence of Bhikkuni tradition according to Mahasagika sect. Which proved that Nepal have a Buddhist monks and nuns who are from the Mahasagika sect (one of the 18 sects of early Buddhism). After decades, this tradition also disappeared. -------- JinHan wrote: Do you know any temple belong to Mahasamgika Sect. in Nepal right now? If possible, please tell us. Or any other temple or monastery belonged other Buddhism Sect. in traditional Indian Buddhism ? ---------- Shakya wrote: Thanks for raising interesting question. Right now there is no Mahasamgika Sect temple. But if I am not mistaken, there is a place called Hadi gaon (Village) where found one inscription on which mention about the Mahasamgika Bhikkhus and Bhikkhunis and contemporary King patronized their Viharas But inscription indicates that there must be one Vihara of Mahasamgika sect. But present situation vihara was disappeared. Secondly, Gu vihara is the most old Vihara of Nepal. I am sure that the form of practices in this vihara is most likely to the traditional Indian Buddhism or we can say Nalanda tradition. But fortunately this Vihara is still survived but the lost its originality after long period of time. Local name of this temple is Saako Vajrayogini temple, when I have visited this place. I saw lot of cave for meditations. It is located in the Hills. One interesting thing for its popularity is that from this temple there is a way to go Tibet. Historian believed that this temple must be used for the shelter for the Buddhist traveler from India to Tibet. At that particular time this vihara is very famous destination for the Buddhist practitioner. ---------- JinHan: Surprisingly I felt what you said ! Thank you for the precious information. Actually I am very interested in the history of Indian Buddhism. Since 2000 I came to visited some Buddhism temple in China, it led my thinking that some records noted in book became concrete and live. So I love to do fieldwork and investigation on the history of Buddhism such as India, China or anywhere in Asia. So far it has been obvious that the history of Nepal Buddhism is ignored and out of the exploring range of Buddhism history. Someday I would like to visit the temples in Nepal to search those lost Buddhism sections and temples which recorded in history. Yet my professor said he has the experince to live with a Nawari family. He told that Newari didn't like to teach Buddhism to other who is out of their family people. It seems to become an obstacle to research Newari Buddhism which I called the survived Indian Buddhism. According to your description , the Gu temple seems the oldest temple in Nepal. I am curious:what kind of the practise form in that temple ? Why did you recognise that their form looks like that of traditional Indian Buddhism or Nalanda Buddhism ? Please tell us about the form of their practise. Thank you. -------- Shakya wrote: In my opinion, the practices in Gu Vihara must be vajrayana tradition with tantric practices. But this vihara is also a hut for different Buddhist traveller. This temple must have been a junction of all Buddhist Sects. Presently, in the temple there we can see a deity of Vajrayogini. This sybolized that Vajrayana must have taken major role in this Vihara. ----- P wrote: (mandarin) Mohon tanya, si Suku Sakya di forum ini apakah pernah berkunjung ke Taipei untuk belajar mandarin? Waktunya kira2 di tahun 1994, ada hubungan dengan beliau yang mengikuti meditasi vipassana dari Goenka. --------- Shakya wrote: I did not learn Chinese in Taiwan. I learned Chinese at International Language College in Nepal. However, I have been to Taiwan. I practiced Chinese language when I went there. About the Vippasana tradition, I like the Goenka's teaching method of Vippasana. My father and I also took his courses in Nepal. I have participated ten-day meditation course around year 1996, which is very impressive too. --------------- JinHan: What do you think about the pratise form of traditional Indian Buddhism ? Please draw it according to Mahayana in Nepal Buddhism as you can see ? ----------- Shakya: To state briefly, it deals with the following practices of Newar Buddhists. 1.Taking Refuge inTriple Gems 2. Reciting Namasangiti 3. To recite Bhadracarya Pranidhan 4. To offer Preta bali 5. To Circumambulate Caitya, Buddha statues etc. 6. To perform Gurumandala rite 7. To meditate on tutelary deity 8. To recite Prajnaparamita and other Mahayana sutras 9. To recite Danagatha¡¦ 10..To perform Bodhisattva practices joyfully 11.To study Buddhist scriptures 12.Offering food to Triple Gems and tutelary deity before eating 13 Offer fivefold prostration to Buddha of ten directions 14 Sleeping in a lion¡¦s posture after meditating on Deity Yoga But the Most influential thought regarding Indian Buddhist tradition is that Master Atisha who wrote Bodhisattvakarmadimargavatara also propounded the concept of the Adikarmika Bodhisattva practice. Since Atisha was contemporary with Anupamavajra and Advayavajra, both of them must have borrowed the ideas of lay bodhisattva practice from him. By analyzing these references we can conclude that Atisha's teaching had great influence on Newar Buddhist tradition too. Atisha's reformation in Buddhist monasticism is well known in Tibet. He tried his best to uplift Buddhist monasticism during his sojourn in Nepal. He composed Caryasamgraha Pradeepa, and Vimalratnalekha nama to enhance the monastic ideal of Newar Buddhism. He even strongly prohibited the act of taking initiation of Highest Yoga Tantra for monastics. Because of short duration of his stay in Nepal he could not influence to higher degree and strengthen. Later Anupamavajra' superseded Atisha's influence because of his tantric teachings. Similarly if we study more we can found different lineage and pracitices of Indian masters who visited Nepal and taught Buddhist teachings to the Nepalese people. --------- Shakya wrote : Thanks for sending sweet words and wishes. I am very glad to be a part of this discuss group. I am learning Buddhism so my view and answer may not perfect as an expert. However, I try my best to answer correctly. Feel free to correct my mistakes. Being a Shakya family is nothing special but we have a good chance to practice Buddhism. Atmosphere and environment are perfect for learning and practice Buddhism. Nevertheless, main point whatsoever that person belong from, there is only way that is to purify your mind and cultivate goods or merits. That is only way to liberate. -------------- Sita wrote: Dear Shakya, Dose any Dakini's linage still exist until today in your tradition? -------------- Shakya wrote: In Vajrayana tradition, there is a great importance of Dakini. They are belongs to Sangha family. In Tibetan Buddhism and similarly Newar Buddhism there is a tradition of worshiping Dakini is quite often. There is a tradition of calling some people Dakini. Those are the consorts of the Vajramasters, who are highly advanced in practice and well qualified. --------------- Sita wrote: However, it seems hard to find dakini teachings regarding tsalung practices. Say, do you know any living dakinis teaching tsalung? Or, it is included in consort practice only? --------------- Shakya wrote: The Tsa Lung practice is as very sacred teachings in Tibetan tradition but I have no idea of its equivalent practices in Newar Buddhism. However, in Tibetan resources there are some books on Dakini teachings, which deal with such sacred teachings. They are as follows: Dakini's Warm Breath: The Feminine Principle in Tibetan Buddhism by JUDITH SIMMER-BROWN Lady of the Lotus-Born: The Life and Enlightenment of Yeshe Tsogyal by GYALWA CHANGCHUB Dakini Teachings by Padmasambhava Women of Wisdom by Tsultrim Allione Sky Dancer: The Secret Life & Songs of the Lady Yeshe Tsogyel by Keith Dowman ---------- Sita wrote: Thank you for the reference books. I've read some of them already. However, books are for reference only. As far as I know, the tsalung teachings are all given by male Vajramasters only, and none of the real dakinis give this kind of teaching & I wonder if there's differences between male & female practices. Do you recommand any living dakini for answering questions? -------------- Shakya: As I know, Vajramaster or Rinpoche gives Dakinis teaching to people but they are the real dakini teaching, as I believe. Obviously, we could not found any dakinis directly. However, if we practices seriously according to Vajrayana samaya then there is nothing difficult to find one. --------------- Shakya wrote: Dear Dharma friends, It has been a long time I haven't post any information, Let starts again, I have been to Monastic retreat. It was very fruitful for me. I got to know about Chinese Buddhism Monastic life. It is very challenging through my experience. I admire all the chinese monks and nuns for practicing vinaya (rules) so well. I must criticized our Newar buddhist so called household monk. They have some lack in practicing vinaya well because of misunderstanding on the rules of vajrayana. They neglect a lot. One of the most essential feather of the Buddha teaching is vinaya so if it was neglected by monks and nuns. The decline always there I must say our Nepalese Buddhism should learn from the Chinese and Tibetan Buddhism then only we can survive and sustain. ------------- Jinhan wrote: Dear Shakya, You may open a new issue or theme to discuss. Such as my replying to Chi Cheng's topic, I mentioned about the talk between Thero who came from Sri Lanka and me. We talked about the situation of Buddhism in Sri Lanka nowadays. After this talk, I learn that I must change my view about Southern Buddhism, which we called "Hinayana Buddhism". Actually, I find Sri Lanka Buddhism has a good policy about social welfare. Monks care the life of people. They preach dharma from door to door. People often come to temple just like Christan who come to church on Sunday. Government offers books to children for learning Buddhism in temples. So many good things in Sri Lanka Buddhism, I hope I can come to see and learn them in the future. ---------------- Michael wrote: Hi Shakya, nice to find you here, I think it was Christine that referred me to this site. Hope all is well. I read all those posts and I'm really suprised that you've practiced so many different traditions of Buddhism. I practice Chinese and Tibetan (Nyingmaba) Buddhism as well under my Master residing here in So. Cal. Still don't remember who I am? I see you around UWest a lot, or at least whenever I'm there. --------------- Shakya wrote: (Last posting June 29-2006) Dear Michael, Glad to know you. Thanks for your admiration; actually I am just learning these different Buddhist traditions. I still need to learn more so I am here in US. Next time when you come to college, we can talk more on it. Thanks Shakya ------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor --------------------~--> Great things are happening at Yahoo! Groups. 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