CVSROOT: /cvsroot/www-bg
Module name: www-bg
Changes by: Yavor Doganov <yavor> 06/10/13 15:15:54
Added files:
gnu : why-gnu-linux.bg.html why-gnu-linux.html
Log message:
Ðов пÑевод, пÑÑвонаÑален ваÑианÑ.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www-bg/gnu/why-gnu-linux.bg.html?cvsroot=www-bg&rev=1.1
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www-bg/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html?cvsroot=www-bg&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: why-gnu-linux.bg.html
===================================================================
RCS file: why-gnu-linux.bg.html
diff -N why-gnu-linux.bg.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ why-gnu-linux.bg.html 13 Oct 2006 15:15:54 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="bg">
+
+<head>
+<title>ÐаÑо GNU/ÐинÑкÑ? - ÐÑоекÑÑÑ GNU - ФондаÑиÑ
за Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ (ФСС)</title>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content='text/html; charset=utf-8' />
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/gnu.css" />
+<link rev="made" href="[EMAIL PROTECTED]" />
+<link rev="translated" href="mailto:[email protected]" />
+</head>
+
+<!-- This document is in XML, and xhtml 1.0 -->
+<!-- Please make sure to properly nest your tags -->
+<!-- and ensure that your final document validates -->
+<!-- consistent with W3C xhtml 1.0 and CSS standards -->
+<!-- See validator.w3.org -->
+
+<body>
+
+<h3>Ðакво има в имеÑо?</h3>
+
+<p>ÐÑ: <a href="http://www.stallman.org">РиÑаÑд СÑолман</a></p>
+<p>
+<a href="/graphics/agnuhead.html"><img src="/graphics/gnu-head-sm.jpg"
+ alt=" [изобÑажение на глава на ÐнÑ] "
+ width="129" height="122" /></a>
+</p>
+
+<p><a href="#translations">ÐÑÑги пÑеводи</a> на Ñази
ÑÑÑаниÑа</p>
+
+<p>
+<hr />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐменаÑа изÑазÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑениÑ; наÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð±Ð¾Ñ
на имена опÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑениеÑо
+на Ñова, коеÑо казваме. ÐеподÑ
одÑÑоÑо име
дава на Ñ
оÑаÑа гÑеÑна
+пÑедÑÑава. Ðдна Ñоза под каквоÑо и да е име
би миÑиÑала Ñ
Ñбаво â но
+ако Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑеÑеÑе Ñ
имикалка, Ñ
оÑаÑа Ñе Ñа
доÑÑа ÑазоÑаÑовани, когаÑо Ñе
+опиÑÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð° пиÑÐ°Ñ Ñ Ð½ÐµÑ. Ðко казваÑе на
Ñ
имикалкиÑе âÑозиâ, Ñ
оÑаÑа нÑма
+да оÑÑÐ·Ð½Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð° какво Ñа полезни Ñе. Ðко
наÑиÑаÑе опеÑаÑионнаÑа
+ÑиÑÑема âÐинÑкÑâ, Ñова внÑÑава погÑеÑна
пÑедÑÑава за пÑоизÑ
ода,
+иÑÑоÑиÑÑа и ÑелÑа на ÑиÑÑемаÑа. Ðко Ñ
наÑиÑаÑе <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/ÐинÑкÑ</a>, Ñова дава
пÑедÑÑава
+(Ð¼Ð°ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¸ не пÑлна) за вÑÑнаÑа идеÑ.</p>
+<p>
+Ðо има ли Ñова знаÑение за наÑаÑа обÑноÑÑ?
Ðажно ли е дали Ñ
оÑаÑа
+знаÑÑ Ð·Ð° пÑоизÑ
ода, иÑÑоÑиÑÑа и ÑелÑа на
ÑиÑÑемаÑа? Ðа â заÑоÑо
+Ñ
оÑаÑа, коиÑо забÑавÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑоÑиÑÑа, Ñа
обÑеÑени да Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑоÑÑÑ.
+СвободниÑÑ ÑвÑÑ, койÑо Ñе изгÑади около <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/ÐинÑкÑ</a> не е ÑигÑÑен;
+пÑоблемиÑе, коиÑо ни подÑикнаÑ
а да
ÑазÑабоÑим GNU, не Ñа напÑлно
+изкоÑенени и заплаÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð° Ñе вÑÑнаÑ
обÑаÑно.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐогаÑо обÑÑнÑвам заÑо е ÑмеÑÑно
опеÑаÑионнаÑа ÑиÑÑема да Ñе наÑиÑа
+âGNU/ÐинÑкÑâ вмеÑÑо âÐинÑкÑâ, Ñ
оÑаÑа
понÑкога оÑговаÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ Ñози
+наÑин:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+<em>
+ ÐÑи положение, Ñе пÑоекÑÑÑ GNU заÑлÑжава
пÑизнание за ÑабоÑаÑа Ñи,
+ ÑÑÑÑва ли Ñи да Ñе вдига ÑÑм, когаÑо
Ñ
оÑаÑа не оÑдаваÑ
+ необÑ
одимоÑо? Ðе е ли по-важно, Ñе
ÑабоÑаÑа е ÑвÑÑÑена, а не кой Ñ Ðµ
+ ÑвÑÑÑил? Ðи ÑÑÑбвало да Ñи поÑинеÑе, да
Ñе гоÑдееÑе Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ñе
+ ÑвÑÑÑенаÑа ÑабоÑа и да не Ñе безпокоиÑе
за заÑлÑгиÑе.
+</em>
+</p></blockquote>
+<p>
+Това би бил мÑдÑÑ ÑÑвеÑ, Ñамо ако
ÑиÑÑаÑиÑÑа беÑе Ñакава â ако
+ÑабоÑаÑа беÑе ÑвÑÑÑена и е доÑло вÑеме за
поÑивка. Ðе да беÑе вÑÑно
+Ñова! [FIXME: Само ако беÑе вÑÑно Ñова?] Ðо е
пÑлно Ñ
+пÑедизвикаÑелÑÑва и не е вÑеме да пÑиемаме
бÑдеÑеÑо Ñи нагоÑово.
+СилаÑа на наÑаÑа обÑноÑÑ Ñе опиÑа на
оÑдаденоÑÑÑа ни кÑм ÑвободаÑа и
+ÑÑÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑвоÑо. ÐзползванеÑо на имеÑо <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/ÐинÑкÑ</a> е наÑин Ñ
оÑаÑа
да Ñи
+напомнÑÑ Ñова и да оÑведомÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð´ÑÑги за
Ñези Ñели.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑзможно е да Ñе пиÑе добÑÑ Ñвободен
ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¸ без да Ñи миÑли за GNU;
+много добÑа ÑабоÑа е била ÑвÑÑÑена в имеÑо
на ÐинÑкÑ. Ðо оÑе оÑ
+ÑамоÑо Ñи вÑзникване, âÐинÑкÑâ е бил
ÑвÑÑзан ÑÑÑ ÑилоÑоÑиÑ, коÑÑо не е
+оÑдадена на ÑвободаÑа да Ñе ÑÑÑÑÑдниÑи.
След каÑо имеÑо запоÑва да Ñе
+използва вÑе повеÑе и в бизнеÑа, Ñе имаме
доÑи и повеÑе пÑоблеми да го
+ÑвÑÑзваме Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑноÑÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´ÑÑ
.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐолÑмо пÑедизвикаÑелÑÑво за бÑдеÑеÑо на
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¸Ð´Ð²Ð° оÑ
+ÑенденÑиÑÑа на компании, ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанÑваÑи
диÑÑÑибÑÑии на âÐинÑкÑâ, да
+добавÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ ÐºÑм <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/ÐинÑкÑ</a> в имеÑо на
ÑдобÑÑвоÑо и
+пÑоизводиÑелноÑÑÑа. ÐÑиÑки ÑазÑабоÑÑиÑи
на големи комеÑÑиални
+диÑÑÑибÑÑии пÑавÑÑ Ñова; никой не издава
диÑÑÑибÑÑиÑ, коÑÑо да е
+напÑлно Ñвободна. ÐовеÑеÑо Ð¾Ñ ÑÑÑ
не
обознаÑÐ°Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑÑно неÑвободниÑе
+пакеÑи в ÑеÑ
ниÑе диÑÑÑибÑÑии. Ðного доÑи
ÑазÑабоÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободен
+ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¸ го добавÑÑ ÐºÑм ÑиÑÑемаÑа. ÐÑкои
вÑзмÑÑиÑелно ÑекламиÑаÑ
+âÐинÑкÑâ ÑиÑÑеми, коиÑо Ñа лиÑензиÑани
âper seatâ [FIXME], коиÑо
+пÑедоÑÑавÑÑ Ð½Ð° поÑÑебиÑелиÑе Ñолкова
Ñвобода, колкоÑо и âÐайкÑоÑоÑÑ
+УиндоÑÑâ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ХоÑаÑа опÑÐ°Ð²Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð°Ð²ÑнеÑо на
неÑвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð² имеÑо на
+âпопÑлÑÑноÑÑÑа на ÐинÑкÑâ â на пÑакÑика,
Ñенейки попÑлÑÑноÑÑÑа повеÑе
+Ð¾Ñ ÑвободаÑа. ÐонÑкога Ñова Ñе пÑизнава
оÑкÑиÑо. ÐапÑимеÑ,
+Ñп. âУайÑÑдâ казва, Ñе РобÑÑÑ Ðакмилан,
ÑедакÑÐ¾Ñ Ð½Ð° Ñп. âÐинÑкÑâ,
+âÑÑвÑÑва, Ñе пÑеÑ
одÑÑ ÐºÑм ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ñ
оÑвоÑен код ÑÑÑбва да е подÑ
Ñанван
+Ð¾Ñ ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑки, а не полиÑиÑеÑки ÑеÑениÑâ.
РизпÑлниÑелниÑÑ Ð´Ð¸ÑекÑоÑ
+на âÐалдеÑаâ оÑкÑиÑо пÑизова
поÑÑебиÑелиÑе да изоÑÑавÑÑ ÑÑемежа кÑм
+Ñвобода и да ÑабоÑÑÑ Ð·Ð° âпопÑлÑÑноÑÑа на
ÐинÑкÑâ.</p>
+<!--Link is dead
+<a
href="http://www.zdnet.com/filters/printerfriendly/0,6061,2552025-2,00.html">
+(http://www.zdnet.com/filters/printerfriendly/0,6061,2552025-2,00.html.)</a>
+-->
+
+<p>
+ÐобавÑнеÑо на неÑвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ ÐºÑм
ÑиÑÑемаÑа <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/ÐинÑкÑ</a> може и да
ÑвелиÑава
+попÑлÑÑноÑÑÑа, ако под âпопÑлÑÑноÑÑâ
имаме пÑедвид бÑÐ¾Ñ Ð½Ð° Ñ
оÑаÑа,
+коиÑо Ð¸Ð·Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð·Ð²Ð°Ñ <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/ÐинÑкÑ</a> в
+комбинаÑÐ¸Ñ Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ. Ðо в
ÑÑÑоÑо вÑеме, Ñова безÑÑловно
+окÑÑажава обÑноÑÑÑа да пÑиеме неÑвободниÑ
ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ ÐºÐ°Ñо неÑо Ñ
Ñбаво, и
+да забÑави ÑÑÑемежа кÑм Ñвобода.
Ðезполезно е да каÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾-бÑÑзо, ако
+не Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð´Ð° Ñе задÑÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° пÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐогаÑо неÑвободнаÑа âдобавкаâ е
библиоÑека или инÑÑÑÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð°
+пÑогÑамиÑане, ÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ðµ да Ñе пÑевÑÑне в
капан за ÑазÑабоÑÑиÑиÑе на
+Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ. ÐогаÑо Ñе пиÑаÑ
Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ, койÑо завиÑи оÑ
+неÑвободен пакеÑ, ÑеÑ
Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð½Ðµ може
да бÑде ÑаÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ñлно
+Ñвободна ÑиÑÑема. Ðо Ñози наÑин âÐоÑиÑâ и
âÐÑ Ñиâ Ñ
ванаÑ
а в капан
+огÑомна ÑаÑÑ Ð¾Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑÑÑеÑ,
ÑÑздавайки пÑоблеми, ÑеÑаванеÑо на
+коиÑо оÑне години. ÐÑоблемÑÑ Ñ âÐоÑиÑâ не
е напÑлно ÑазÑеÑен, понеже
+âÐеÑÑиÑâ има нÑжда Ð¾Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð¸Ð·Ð³Ð»Ð°Ð¶Ð´Ð°Ð½Ðµ (молÑ,
оÑзовеÑе Ñе!). ÐеÑвободнаÑа
+ÑеализаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð° Ðжава на âСÑнâ Ñега има
подобен еÑекÑ: <a
+href="/philosophy/java-trap.bg.html">âÐлопкаÑаâ на
Ðжава</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ðко обÑноÑÑÑа ни пÑодÑлжава да Ñе движи в
Ñази поÑока, може да
+пÑенаÑоÑи бÑдеÑеÑо на <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/ÐинÑкÑ</a>
+кÑм мозайка Ð¾Ñ Ñвободни и неÑвободни
компоненÑи. След Ð¿ÐµÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½Ð¸ ÑÑÑ
+ÑигÑÑноÑÑ Ñе имаме доÑÑа Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ;
но ако не Ñме внимаÑелни,
+Ñой поÑÑи нÑма да бÑде използваем без
неÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑÑÑеÑ, койÑо
+поÑÑебиÑелиÑе оÑÐ°ÐºÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð° намеÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÐµÐ´Ð½Ð¾ Ñ
него. Ðко Ñова Ñе ÑлÑÑи,
+наÑаÑа ÐºÐ°Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° Ñвобода би била
пÑовалена.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ðко издаванеÑо на Ñвободни алÑеÑнаÑиви
беÑе пÑоÑÑо вÑпÑÐ¾Ñ Ð½Ð°
+пÑогÑамиÑане, ÑазÑеÑаванеÑо на бÑдеÑи
пÑоблеми би могло да ÑÑава
+по-леÑно, когаÑо ÑеÑÑÑÑиÑе за ÑазÑабоÑка
на обÑноÑÑÑа Ñе ÑвелиÑаÑ. Ðо
+ние Ñе изпÑавÑме пÑед пÑепÑÑÑÑвиÑ, коиÑо
заплаÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ñова да ÑÑане
+по-ÑÑÑдно: закони, коиÑо забÑанÑваÑ
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑÑÑеÑ. ÐÑи положение,
+Ñе ÑоÑÑÑеÑниÑе паÑенÑи Ð²Ð·Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑ
(вижÑе
petition.eurolinux.org и Ñ
+подпиÑеÑе!), и закони каÑо ÐÐÐЦХ (DMCA) Ñе
използваÑ, за да забÑанÑваÑ
+ÑазÑабоÑкаÑа на Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð·Ð° важни
задаÑи каÑо гледане на DVD
+или ÑлÑÑане на поÑок âРиалÐÑдиоâ, Ñе Ñе
окажем в безизÑ
одиÑа, без ÑÑен
+пÑÑ Ð·Ð° боÑба пÑоÑив паÑенÑованиÑе и
ÑекÑеÑни ÑоÑмаÑи за данни, оÑвен
+<strong>да оÑÑ
вÑÑлим неÑвободниÑе пÑогÑами,
коиÑо ги
+използваÑ</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐоÑÑеÑанеÑо на Ñези пÑедизвикаÑелÑÑва Ñе
изиÑква много най-ÑазлиÑни
+видове ÑÑилиÑ. Ðо Ñова, Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÐµÑо Ñе нÑждаем
най-много, за да Ñе
+пÑоÑивопоÑÑавим на коеÑо и да
пÑедизвикаÑелÑÑво, е да помним ÑелÑа на
+ÑвободаÑа да Ñи ÑÑÑÑÑдниÑим. Ðе можем да
оÑакваме обикновено желание
+за моÑен и надежден ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð´Ð° моÑивиÑа
Ñ
оÑаÑа да Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ð¸
+ÑÑилиÑ. Ðмаме нÑжда Ð¾Ñ Ñози вид
непоколебимоÑÑ, койÑо Ñ
оÑаÑа имаÑ, когаÑо
+Ñе боÑÑÑ Ð·Ð° ÑвободаÑа Ñи и за обÑноÑÑÑа Ñи,
ÑеÑиÑелноÑÑ Ð´Ð° Ñе
+пÑодÑлжава Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½Ð¸ и да не Ñе оÑказваме.</p>
+
+<p>
+РнаÑаÑа обÑноÑÑ, Ñази Ñел и Ñази
непоколебимоÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ñновно оÑ
+пÑоекÑа GNU. Ðие Ñме Ñези, коиÑо говоÑим за
ÑвободаÑа и обÑноÑÑÑа
+каÑо неÑо, коеÑо ÑÑÑбва да Ñе оÑÑÑоÑва;
оÑганизаÑииÑе, коиÑо говоÑÑÑ
+за âÐинÑкÑâ, обикновено не ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñова.
СпиÑаниÑÑа за âÐинÑкÑâ Ñа
+пÑлни Ñ Ñеклами на неÑвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ;
компанииÑе, коиÑо пакеÑиÑаÑ
+âÐинÑкÑâ, добавÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ ÐºÑм
ÑиÑÑемаÑа; дÑÑги компании
+âподдÑÑÐ¶Ð°Ñ ÐинÑкÑâ Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободни
пÑогÑами; гÑÑпиÑе поÑÑебиÑели на
+âÐинÑкÑâ обикновено канÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð°
пÑедÑÑÐ°Ð²Ñ Ñези пÑогÑами.
+ÐÑновноÑо мÑÑÑо, кÑдеÑо Ñ
оÑа Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑаÑа
обÑноÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð° Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð°
+идеÑÑа за Ñвобода и непоколебимоÑÑ Ðµ в
пÑоекÑа GNU.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ðо когаÑо Ñ
оÑаÑа Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð° него, Ñе
поÑÑвÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸, Ñе Ñе оÑнаÑÑ Ð´Ð¾
+ÑÑÑ
?</p>
+
+<p>
+ХоÑаÑа, коиÑо знаÑÑ, Ñе Ð¸Ð·Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð·Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема,
пÑоизлизаÑа Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑоекÑа GNU,
+Ñе видÑÑ Ð¿ÑÑка вÑÑзка Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ ÑÑÑ
и GNU. Те
нÑма авÑомаÑиÑно да Ñе
+ÑÑглаÑÑÑ Ñ ÑилоÑоÑиÑÑа ни, но Ñе видÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ðµ
една пÑиÑина ÑеÑиозно да
+Ñе замиÑлÑÑ Ð·Ð° неÑ. Ðа Ñазлика Ð¾Ñ ÑÑÑ
Ñ
оÑаÑа, коиÑо Ñе ÑÑиÑÐ°Ñ Ð·Ð°
+âпоÑÑебиÑели на ÐинÑкÑâ и вÑÑвÑÑ, Ñе
пÑоекÑа GNU е âÑазÑабоÑил
+инÑÑÑÑменÑи, коиÑо Ñе Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ·Ð½Ð¸ за
ÐинÑкÑâ, обикновено
+вÑзпÑÐ¸ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ Ñамо непÑÑка вÑÑзка Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ ÑÑÑ
и
GNU. Те може пÑоÑÑо да
+пÑенебÑÐµÐ³Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑилоÑоÑиÑÑа на GNU, когаÑо
Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð° неÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑоекÑÑÑ GNU е идеалиÑÑиÑен, и вÑеки, койÑо
наÑÑÑÑава идеализма Ð´Ð½ÐµÑ Ðµ
+изпÑавен пÑед огÑомно пÑепÑÑÑÑвие:
пÑеобладаваÑаÑа Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÐºÑÑажава
+Ñ
оÑаÑа да оÑÑ
вÑÑлÑÑ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ð° каÑо
âнепÑакÑиÑенâ. ÐаÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ñм е
+бил изклÑÑиÑелно пÑакÑиÑен: Ñова е
пÑиÑинаÑа да имаме Ñвободна
+опеÑаÑионна ÑиÑÑема <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/ÐинÑкÑ</a>.
+ХоÑаÑа, коиÑо обиÑÐ°Ñ Ñази ÑиÑÑема, би
ÑÑÑбвало да знаÑÑ, Ñе ÑÑ Ðµ
+наÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ñм, ÑелизиÑан на пÑакÑика.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ðко âÑабоÑаÑаâ наиÑÑина беÑе ÑвÑÑÑена и
нÑмаÑе ниÑо ÑпоÑно, оÑвен
+заÑлÑгиÑе, навÑÑно би било по-мÑдÑо да
оÑÑавим Ñова наÑÑÑана. Ðо ние
+не Ñме в Ñова положение. Ðа да
вдÑÑ
новÑваме Ñ
оÑаÑа да вÑÑÑаÑ
+ÑабоÑаÑа, коÑÑо ÑÑÑбва да Ñе ÑвÑÑÑи, ние
ÑÑÑбва да полÑÑим пÑизнание
+за веÑе ÑвÑÑÑеноÑо Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ. ÐолÑ, помогнеÑе
ни, каÑо наÑиÑаÑе
+опеÑаÑионнаÑа ÑиÑÑема <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/ÐинÑкÑ</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ð.Ð. Ðа обÑÑнение за иÑÑоÑиÑÑа на ÑиÑÑемаÑа
GNU/ÐинÑкÑ, Ñо Ñе оÑнаÑÑ
+до пÑоблема Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÐµÑо, вижÑе <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html</a>.
+Ðа оÑговоÑи на дÑÑги вÑпÑоÑи и аÑгÑменÑи
оÑноÑно Ñози пÑоблем, вижÑе
+<a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">ЧеÑÑо задавани вÑпÑоÑи
за
+GNU/ÐинÑкÑ</a>.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h4><a href="/gnu/gnu.html">ÐовеÑе оÑноÑно пÑоекÑа
GNU</a></h4>
+<hr />
+
+<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+
+<div class="translations">
+<p><a id="translations"></a>
+<b>ÐÑÑги пÑеводи на Ñази ÑÑÑаниÑа</b>:<br />
+
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
+<!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
+<!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
+<!-- English is. If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise [EMAIL PROTECTED] and add it to -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
+
+[
+ <a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.bg.html">български</a>
<!-- Bulgarian -->
+| <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ca.html">Català</a> <!-- Catalan -->
+| <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.de.html">Deutsch</a> <!-- German -->
+| <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">English</a>
+| <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.fr.html">Français</a> <!-- French -->
+| <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.es.html">Español</a> <!-- Spanish -->
+| <a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.he.html">עברית</a>
<!-- Hebrew -->
+| <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.it.html">Italiano</a> <!-- Italian -->
+| <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.pl.html">Polski</a> <!-- Polish -->
+| <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.pt.html">Português</a> <!-- Portuguese
-->
+| <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ro.html">Română</a> <!--
Romanian -->
+]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="copyright">
+<p>
+ÐÑÑÑане кÑм <a href="/home.bg.html">ÐлавнаÑа
ÑÑÑаниÑа на пÑоекÑа GNU</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐолÑ, оÑпÑавÑйÑе вÑпÑоÑи оÑноÑно ФСС и GNU
по е-поÑа:
+<a href="mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]"><em>[EMAIL PROTECTED]</em></a>. Ðма и
дÑÑги наÑини
+за <a href="/home.bg.html#ContactInfo">вÑÑзка</a> Ñ Ð¤Ð¡Ð¡.
+<br />
+ÐолÑ, изпÑаÑайÑе доклади за ÑÑÑпени
Ñ
ипеÑвÑÑзки и дÑÑги коÑекÑии (или
+пÑедложениÑ) на е-поÑа:
+<a href="mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]"><em>[EMAIL PROTECTED]</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐижÑе <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ÐокÑменÑаÑиÑÑа
+за пÑеводаÑи</a> за инÑоÑмаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð·Ð°
кооÑдиниÑанеÑо и подаванеÑо на
+пÑеводи на Ñази ÑÑаÑиÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐвÑоÑÑки пÑава © 2000 РиÑаÑд СÑолман
+<br />
+ÐоÑловноÑо копиÑане и ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанение на
ÑÑлаÑа ÑÑаÑÐ¸Ñ Ñа позволени за
+вÑеки Ñип ноÑиÑел без нÑжда Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑанеÑо
на ÑакÑи, ÑÑига Ñази
+бележка да бÑде запазена.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐоÑледно обновÑване:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2006/10/13 15:15:54 $ $Author: yavor $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html>
Index: why-gnu-linux.html
===================================================================
RCS file: why-gnu-linux.html
diff -N why-gnu-linux.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
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@@ -0,0 +1,288 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
+
+<head>
+<title>Why GNU/Linux? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content='text/html; charset=utf-8' />
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/gnu.css" />
+<link rev="made" href="[EMAIL PROTECTED]" />
+</head>
+
+<!-- This document is in XML, and xhtml 1.0 -->
+<!-- Please make sure to properly nest your tags -->
+<!-- and ensure that your final document validates -->
+<!-- consistent with W3C xhtml 1.0 and CSS standards -->
+<!-- See validator.w3.org -->
+
+<body>
+
+<h3>What's in a name?</h3>
+
+<p>By: <a href="http://www.stallman.org">Richard Stallman</a></p>
+<p>
+<a href="/graphics/agnuhead.html"><img src="/graphics/gnu-head-sm.jpg"
+ alt=" [image of the Head of a GNU] "
+ width="129" height="122" /></a>
+</p>
+
+<p><a href="#translations">Translations</a> of this page</p>
+
+<p>
+<hr />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Names convey meanings; our choice of names determines the meaning of
+what we say. An inappropriate name gives people the wrong idea. A
+rose by any name would smell as sweet--but if you call it a pen,
+people will be rather disappointed when they try to write with it.
+And if you call pens "roses", people may not realize what they are
+good for. If you call our operating system "Linux", that conveys a
+mistaken idea of the system's origin, history, and purpose. If you
+call it <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>, that conveys
+(though not in detail) an accurate idea.</p>
+<p>
+But does this matter for our community? Is it important whether people
+know the system's origin, history, and purpose? Yes--because people
+who forget history are often condemned to repeat it. The Free World
+which has developed around <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> is
not secure; the problems that
+led us to develop GNU are not completely eradicated, and they threaten
+to come back.</p>
+
+<p>
+When I explain why it's appropriate to call the operating system
+"GNU/Linux" rather than "Linux", people sometimes respond this way:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+<em>
+ Granted that the GNU Project deserves credit for this work, is
+ it really worth a fuss when people don't give credit? Isn't the
+ important thing that the job was done, not who did it? You
+ ought to relax, take pride in the job well done, and not worry
+ about the credit.
+</em>
+</p></blockquote>
+<p>
+This would be wise advice, if only the situation were like that--if
+the job were done and it were time to relax. If only that were true!
+But challenges abound, and this is no time to take the future for
+granted. Our community's strength rests on commitment to freedom and
+cooperation. Using the name <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
is a way for people to remind
+themselves and inform others of these goals.</p>
+
+<p>
+It is possible to write good free software without thinking of GNU;
+much good work has been done in the name of Linux also. But "Linux"
+has been associated ever since it was first coined with a philosophy
+that does not make a commitment to the freedom to cooperate. As the
+name becomes used increasingly by business, we will have even more
+trouble making it connect with community spirit.</p>
+
+<p>
+A great challenge to the future of free software comes from the
+tendency of the "Linux" distribution companies to add non-free
+software to <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> in the
+name of convenience and power. All the major commercial distribution
+developers do this; none produces a distribution that is entirely
+free. Most of them do not clearly identify the non-free packages in
+their distributions. Many even develop non-free software and add it
+to the system. Some outrageously advertise "Linux" systems that are
+"licensed per seat", which give the user as much freedom as Microsoft
+Windows.</p>
+
+<p>
+People justify adding non-free software in the name of the "popularity
+of Linux"--in effect, valuing popularity above freedom. Sometimes
+this is openly admitted. For instance, Wired Magazine says Robert
+McMillan, editor of Linux Magazine, "feels that the move toward open
+source software should be fueled by technical, rather than political,
+decisions." And Caldera's CEO openly urged users to drop the goal of
+freedom and work instead for the "popularity of Linux".</p>
+<!--Link is dead
+<a
href="http://www.zdnet.com/filters/printerfriendly/0,6061,2552025-2,00.html">
+(http://www.zdnet.com/filters/printerfriendly/0,6061,2552025-2,00.html.)</a>
+-->
+
+<p>
+Adding non-free software to the <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> system may increase the
+popularity, if by popularity we mean the number of people using some
+of <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> in combination with
+non-free software. But at the same time, it implicitly encourages the
+community to accept non-free software as a good thing, and forget the
+goal of freedom. It is no use driving faster if you can't stay on the
+road.</p>
+
+<p>
+When the non-free "add-on" is a library or programming tool, it can
+become a trap for free software developers. When they write free
+software that depends on the non-free package, their software cannot
+be part of a completely free system. Motif and Qt trapped large
+amounts of free software in this way in the past, creating problems
+whose solutions took years. The Motif problem is still not entirely
+solved, since LessTif needs some polishing (please volunteer!). Sun's
+non-free Java implementation is now having a similar effect:
+the <A href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">Java Trap</A>.</p>
+
+<p>
+If our community keeps moving in this direction, it could redirect the
+future of <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> into a mosaic of
free and non-free components.
+Five years from now, we will surely still have plenty of free
+software; but if we are not careful, it will hardly be usable without
+the non-free software that users expect to find with it. If this
+happens, our campaign for freedom will have failed.</p>
+
+<p>
+If releasing free alternatives were simply a matter of programming,
+solving future problems might become easier as our community's
+development resources increase. But we face obstacles which threaten
+to make this harder: laws that prohibit free software. As software
+patents mount up (see petition.eurolinux.org, and sign it!), and as
+laws like the DMCA are used to prohibit the development of free
+software for important jobs such as viewing a DVD or listening to a
+RealAudio stream, we will find ourselves with no clear way to fight
+the patented and secret data formats except to
+<strong>reject the non-free programs that use them</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>
+Meeting these challenges will require many different kinds of effort.
+But what we need above all, to confront any kind of challenge, is to
+remember the goal of freedom to cooperate. We can't expect a mere
+desire for powerful, reliable software to motivate people to make
+great efforts. We need the kind of determination that people have
+when they fight for their freedom and their community, determination
+to keep on for years and not give up.</p>
+
+<p>
+In our community, this goal and this determination emanate mainly from
+the GNU Project. We're the ones who talk about freedom and community
+as something to stand firm for; the organizations that speak of
+"Linux" normally don't say this. The magazines about "Linux" are
+typically full of ads for non-free software; the companies that
+package "Linux" add non-free software to the system; other companies
+"support Linux" with non-free applications; the user groups for
+"Linux" typically invite salesman to present those applications. The
+main place people in our community are likely to come across the idea
+of freedom and determination is in the GNU Project.</p>
+
+<p>
+But when people come across it, will they feel it relates to them?</p>
+
+<p>
+People who know they are using a system that came out of the GNU
+Project can see a direct relationship between themselves and GNU.
+They won't automatically agree with our philosophy, but at least they
+will see a reason to think seriously about it. In contrast, people
+who consider themselves "Linux users", and believe that the GNU
+Project "developed tools which proved to be useful in Linux",
+typically perceive only an indirect relationship between GNU and
+themselves. They may just ignore the GNU philosophy when they come
+across it.</p>
+
+<p>
+The GNU Project is idealistic, and anyone encouraging idealism today
+faces a great obstacle: the prevailing ideology encourages people to
+dismiss idealism as "impractical". Our idealism has been extremely
+practical: it is the reason we have a free <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> operating system.
+People who love this system ought to know that it is our idealism made
+real.</p>
+
+<p>
+If "the job" really were done, if there were nothing at stake except
+credit, perhaps it would be wiser to let the matter drop. But we are
+not in that position. To inspire people to do the work that needs to
+be done, we need to be recognized for what we have already done.
+Please help us, by calling the operating system <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p>
+P.S. For an explanation of the history of the GNU/Linux system as it
+relates to this issue of naming, see
+<a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html</a>.
+For answers to other questions and arguments about this issue, see the
+<a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<h4><a href="/gnu/gnu.html">More about the GNU Project</a></h4>
+<hr />
+
+<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+
+<div class="translations">
+<p><a id="translations"></a>
+<b>Translations of this page</b>:<br />
+
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
+<!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
+<!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
+<!-- English is. If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise [EMAIL PROTECTED] and add it to -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
+
+[
+ <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ca.html">Català</a> <!-- Catalan -->
+| <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.de.html">Deutsch</a> <!-- German -->
+| <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">English</a>
+| <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.fr.html">Français</a> <!-- French -->
+| <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.es.html">Español</a> <!-- Spanish -->
+| <a
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.he.html">עברית</a>
<!-- Hebrew -->
+| <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.it.html">Italiano</a> <!-- Italian -->
+| <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.pl.html">Polski</a> <!-- Polish -->
+| <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.pt.html">Português</a> <!-- Portuguese
-->
+| <a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.ro.html">Română</a> <!--
Romanian -->
+]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="copyright">
+<p>
+Return to the <a href="/home.html">GNU Project home page</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]"><em>[EMAIL PROTECTED]</em></a>.
+There are also <a href="/home.html#ContactInfo">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections (or suggestions) to
+<a href="mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]"><em>[EMAIL PROTECTED]</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 2000 Richard Stallman
+<br />
+Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is
+preserved.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2006/10/13 15:15:54 $ $Author: yavor $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html>
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