CVSROOT: /cvsroot/www-bg
Module name: www-bg
Changes by: Yavor Doganov <yavor> 06/12/20 16:00:28
Added files:
gnu : gnu-history.bg.html gnu-history.html
Log message:
Ðов пÑевод, за ÑеÑÑване (task #6267).
CVSWeb URLs:
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www-bg/gnu/gnu-history.bg.html?cvsroot=www-bg&rev=1.1
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www-bg/gnu/gnu-history.html?cvsroot=www-bg&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: gnu-history.bg.html
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu-history.bg.html
diff -N gnu-history.bg.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu-history.bg.html 20 Dec 2006 16:00:28 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="bg">
+
+<head>
+<title>ÐÑеглед на ÑиÑÑемаÑа GNU - ÐÑоекÑÑÑ GNU -
ФондаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð·Ð° Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ (ФСС)</title>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content='text/html; charset=utf-8' />
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/gnu.css" />
+<link rev="made" href="[EMAIL PROTECTED]" />
+<link rev="translated" href="mailto:[email protected]" />
+<meta name="Keywords" content="GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free
Software Foundation, History, ÐÐУ, ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ ÐÐУ, ФСС,
Свободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ, ФондаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð·Ð° Ñвободен
ÑоÑÑÑеÑ, ÐÑÑоÑиÑ" />
+</head>
+
+<!-- This document is in XML, and xhtml 1.0 -->
+<!-- Please make sure to properly nest your tags -->
+<!-- and ensure that your final document validates -->
+<!-- consistent with W3C xhtml 1.0 and CSS standards -->
+<!-- See validator.w3.org -->
+
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>ÐÑеглед на ÑиÑÑемаÑа GNU</h3>
+
+<p>
+<a href="/graphics/whatsgnu.html"><img src="/graphics/whats-gnu-sm.jpg"
+ alt=" [изобÑажение на âÐакво е GNUâ] "
+ width="125" height="120" /></a>
+</p>
+
+<p><a href="#translations">ÐÑÑги пÑеводи</a> на Ñази
ÑÑÑаниÑа</p>
+
+<p>
+<hr />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐпеÑаÑионнаÑа ÑиÑÑема GNU е ÑÑлоÑÑна
ÑиÑÑема, коÑÑо е Ñвободен
+ÑоÑÑÑеÑ, пÑаво ÑÑвмеÑÑима Ñ âЮникÑâ. GNU
знаÑи âGNU's Not Unixâ (GNU
+не е âЮникÑâ). <a href="http://www.stallman.org/">РиÑаÑд
СÑолман</a>
+изгоÑви <a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">ÐÑÑвонаÑалноÑо
+обÑвление</a> на пÑоекÑа GNU пÑез ÑепÑемвÑи
1983 г. Ðо-дÑлга веÑÑиÑ,
+наÑеÑена <a href="/gnu/manifesto.html">ÐаниÑеÑÑ Ð½Ð° GNU</a>,
бе
+пÑбликÑвана пÑез ÑепÑемвÑи 1985 г.;
докÑменÑÑÑ Ðµ пÑеведен на <a
+href="/gnu/manifesto.html#translations">нÑколко езика</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐмеÑо âGNUâ бе избÑано, понеже оÑговаÑÑÑе
на нÑкои изиÑкваниÑ: пÑÑво,
+беÑе ÑекÑÑÑивен акÑоним на âGNU не е
ЮникÑâ; вÑоÑо, заÑоÑо беÑе
+иÑÑинÑка дÑма, и ÑÑеÑо, беÑе пÑиÑÑно да Ñе
изговаÑÑ (или <a
+href="http://www.poppyfields.net/poppy/songs/gnu.html">пее</a>).</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑмаÑа âÑвободен<sup><a href="#TransNote1"
+id="TransBack1">1</a></sup>â в âÑвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑâ Ñе
оÑнаÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ <a
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.bg.html">ÑвободаÑа</a>, а не до
ÑенаÑа.
+ÐÑзможно е да заплаÑиÑе нÑкаква Ñена за
ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð° GNU, или да го
+полÑÑиÑе безплаÑно. Рпо дваÑа наÑина,
Ñлед каÑо имаÑе ÑоÑÑÑеÑа,
+имаÑе ÑÑи<sup><a href="#TransNote2"
+id="TransBack2">2</a></sup> Ñ
аÑакÑеÑни Ñвободи пÑи
използванеÑо мÑ.
+ÐÑÑво, ÑвободаÑа да копиÑаÑе пÑогÑамаÑа и
да Ñ Ð¿ÑедоÑÑавÑÑе на
+пÑиÑÑели и колеги; вÑоÑо, ÑвободаÑа да
пÑоменÑÑе пÑогÑамаÑа какÑо
+желаеÑе, каÑо имаÑе пÑлен доÑÑÑп до
изÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð´; ÑÑеÑо, ÑвободаÑа да
+ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанÑваÑе подобÑена веÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ Ñака
да ÑпомогнеÑе за изгÑажданеÑо
+на обÑноÑÑÑа. (Ðко ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанÑваÑе
ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð° GNU, може да го
+пÑавиÑе ÑÑеÑÑ ÑакÑа за ÑизиÑеÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð°ÐºÑ Ð½Ð°
пÑеÑ
вÑÑлÑнеÑо на копие, или
+може да пÑедлагаÑе ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ñно.)</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑоекÑÑÑ, койÑо ÑазÑабоÑва ÑиÑÑемаÑа GNU, Ñе
наÑиÑа âÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNUâ.
+ÐÑоекÑÑÑ GNU е оÑнован пÑез 1983 г. каÑо наÑин
за вÑзвÑÑÑане на дÑÑ
а
+на ÑÑÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑво, койÑо е пÑеобладавал в
обÑноÑÑÑа на изÑиÑлиÑелнаÑа
+ÑеÑ
ника пÑез ÑанниÑе години â да напÑави
ÑÑÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑвоÑо оÑново
+вÑзможно ÑÑез пÑемаÑ
ванеÑо на
пÑепÑÑÑÑвиÑÑа, наложени Ð¾Ñ ÑобÑÑвениÑиÑе
+на неÑвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑез 1971 г., когаÑо РиÑаÑд СÑолман е
запоÑнал каÑиеÑаÑа Ñи в ÐÐТ (MIT
+â ÐаÑаÑÑзеÑÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÑÑиÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑеÑ
нологии),
Ñой е ÑабоÑил ÑÑед гÑÑпа,
+коÑÑо е използвала изклÑÑиÑелно <a
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.bg.html">Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ</a>.
ÐоÑи
+компÑÑÑÑниÑе ÑиÑми ÑеÑÑо Ñа
ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанÑвали Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ.
+ÐÑогÑамиÑÑиÑе Ñа били Ñвободни да Ñи
ÑÑÑÑÑдниÑÐ°Ñ ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ Ñ Ð´ÑÑг, и ÑеÑÑо
+Ñа го пÑавили.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ðо 80-Ñе години веÑе ÑÐµÐ»Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ðµ бил
+<a
href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">ÑобÑÑвениÑеÑки</a>,
+коеÑо ознаÑава, Ñе е имал ÑобÑÑвениÑи,
коиÑо Ñа забÑанÑвали
+ÑÑÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑвоÑо Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑебиÑелиÑе.
Това е довело до необÑ
одимоÑÑÑа
+Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑоекÑа GNU.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑеки поÑÑебиÑел на компÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼Ð° нÑжда оÑ
опеÑаÑионна ÑиÑÑема; ако
+нÑма Ñвободна опеÑаÑионна ÑиÑÑема, Ñогава
доÑи не Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð´Ð° запоÑÐ½ÐµÑ Ð´Ð°
+Ð¸Ð·Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð·Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑÑ, без да пÑÐ¸Ð±ÐµÐ³Ð½ÐµÑ Ð´Ð¾
ÑобÑÑвениÑеÑки ÑоÑÑÑеÑ. Така
+Ñе ÑÑвÑем оÑевидно, пÑÑваÑа ÑоÑка в
Ð´Ð½ÐµÐ²Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ñед на ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑÑÑеÑ
+ÑÑÑбваÑе да бÑде Ñвободна опеÑаÑионна
ÑиÑÑема.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ðие ÑеÑиÑ
ме да напÑавим опеÑаÑионнаÑа
ÑиÑÑема, ÑÑвмеÑÑима Ñ âЮникÑâ,
+заÑоÑо ÑÑлоÑÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð¸Ð·Ð°Ð¹Ð½ беÑе веÑе доказан
и пÑеноÑим, и понеже
+ÑÑвмеÑÑимоÑÑÑа пÑави леÑно пÑеÑ
вÑÑлÑнеÑо
на поÑÑебиÑели на âЮникÑâ кÑм
+GNU.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ðдна опеÑаÑионна ÑиÑÑема, подобна на
âЮникÑâ, е много повеÑе Ð¾Ñ ÑдÑо;
+ÑÑ ÑÑÑо ÑÑдÑÑжа компилаÑоÑи, ÑедакÑоÑи,
ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð·Ð° ÑоÑмаÑиÑане на
+ÑекÑÑ Ð¸ обÑабоÑка на поÑа, какÑо и много
дÑÑги неÑа. Така Ñе
+напиÑванеÑо на ÑÑла опеÑаÑионна ÑиÑÑема е
огÑомна задаÑа. Ðие
+запоÑнаÑ
ме пÑез ÑнÑаÑи 1984 г. ÐÑне ни много
години.
+<a href="http://fsf.org/">ФондаÑиÑÑа за Ñвободен
ÑоÑÑÑеÑ</a> беÑе
+оÑнована пÑез окÑомвÑи 1985 г., пÑÑвонаÑално
за да набиÑа ÑÑедÑÑва,
+коиÑо да Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑазÑабоÑкаÑа на GNU.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ðо 1990 г. ние бÑÑ
ме или намеÑили, или
напиÑали вÑиÑки главни
+компоненÑи, оÑвен един â ÑдÑоÑо. Тогава
ÐинÑкÑ, ÑдÑо, подобно на
+ÑдÑоÑо на âЮникÑâ, бе ÑазÑабоÑено оÑ
ÐинÑÑ Ð¢Ð¾ÑÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ñез 1991 г. и
+издадено каÑо Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ñез 1992 г.
ÐомбиниÑанеÑо на ÐинÑÐºÑ Ñ
+поÑÑи завÑÑÑенаÑа ÑиÑÑема GNU доведе до
ÑÑлоÑÑна опеÑаÑионна ÑиÑÑема:
+ÑиÑÑемаÑа GNU/ÐинÑкÑ. ÐÑедполага Ñе, Ñе
деÑеÑки милиони дÑÑи
+Ð¸Ð·Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð·Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑеми GNU/ÐинÑÐºÑ Ð´Ð½ÐµÑ,
вклÑÑиÑелно âСлакÑеÑâ, âÐебианâ,
+âРед ХаÑâ и дÑÑги.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ðо пÑоекÑÑÑ GNU не е огÑаниÑен в ÑамкиÑе на
оÑновнаÑа опеÑаÑионна
+ÑиÑÑема. ÐаÑаÑа Ñел е да оÑигÑÑим пÑлен
ÑпекÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñ ÑоÑÑÑеÑ, каквоÑо е
+нÑжно за повеÑеÑо поÑÑебиÑели. Това
вклÑÑва и ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ ÑоÑмаÑа на
+пÑиложениÑ. ÐижÑе <a href="/directory">УказаÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð½Ð°
Ñвободен
+ÑоÑÑÑеÑ</a> за каÑалог Ð¾Ñ Ñвободни
пÑиложениÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑкаме да оÑигÑÑим и ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð·Ð°
поÑÑебиÑели, коиÑо не Ñа компÑÑÑÑни
+ÑпеÑиалиÑÑи. ÐаÑова ÑазÑабоÑиÑ
ме
+<a href="http://www.gnome.org/">гÑаÑиÑна ÑабоÑна
ÑÑеда</a>, за да
+помогнем на наÑинаеÑиÑе да използваÑ
ÑиÑÑемаÑа GNU.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑкаме да оÑигÑÑим игÑи и дÑÑги
ÑазвлеÑениÑ. ÐеÑе Ñа налиÑни нÑкои
+Ñвободни игÑи.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ðолко Ð´Ð°Ð»ÐµÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ðµ да ÑÑигне ÑвободниÑ
ÑоÑÑÑеÑ? ÐÑма гÑаниÑи, оÑвен
+когаÑо закони каÑо паÑенÑнаÑа ÑиÑÑема
забÑанÑÐ²Ð°Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑÑÑеÑ
+изÑÑло. ÐавеÑнаÑа Ñел е да оÑигÑÑим
Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð·Ð° извÑÑÑванеÑо
+на вÑÑкакÑв вид задаÑи, коиÑо компÑÑÑÑниÑе
поÑÑебиÑели иÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð° вÑÑÑаÑ
+â и Ñака ÑобÑÑвениÑеÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð´Ð°
излезе Ð¾Ñ ÑпоÑÑеба.</p>
+
+
+<hr />
+<h4><a href="/gnu/gnu.bg.html">ÐовеÑе за пÑоекÑа GNU</a></h4>
+<hr />
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+<b>Ðележки на пÑеводаÑа</b>:
+<ul>
+
+<li><a href="#TransBack1" id="TransNote1">1</a> ÐнглийÑкаÑа дÑма
+ âfreeâ е многознаÑна. Ðа бÑлгаÑÑки ÑÑ
може да Ñе пÑедава каÑо
+ Ñвободен, но и каÑо безплаÑен. Ðа
ÑаÑÑие, в бÑлгаÑÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÐµÐ·Ð¸Ðº Ñова
+ двÑÑмиÑлие не ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑва.</li>
+
+<li><a href="#TransBack2" id="TransNote2">2</a> Тази ÑÑаÑÐ¸Ñ Ðµ
напиÑана
+ пÑеди добавÑнеÑо на Ñвобода â0 каÑо
ÑеÑвÑÑÑа Ñвобода. ÐижÑе <a
+ href="/philosophy/free-sw.bg.html#TransNote2">вÑоÑаÑа
бележка на
+ пÑеводаÑа кÑм ÑÑаÑиÑÑа âÐпÑеделение на
Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑâ</a> за
+ повеÑе инÑоÑмаÑиÑ.</li>
+
+</ul>
+</div>
+
+<hr />
+
+<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+
+<div class="translations">
+<p><a id="translations"></a>
+<b>ÐÑÑги пÑеводи на Ñази ÑÑÑаниÑа</b>:<br />
+
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
+<!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
+<!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
+<!-- English is. If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise [EMAIL PROTECTED] and add it to -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
+
+[
+ <a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.bg.html">български</a>
<!-- Bulgarian -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.ca.html">Català</a> <!-- Catalan -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.cn.html">简体中文</a>
<!-- Chinese(Simplified) -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.zh.html">繁體中文</a>
<!-- Chinese(Traditional) -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.cs.html">Česky</a> <!-- Czech -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.de.html">Deutsch</a> <!-- German -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">English</a>
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.es.html">Español</a> <!-- Spanish -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.fr.html">Français</a> <!-- French -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> <!-- Indonesian
-->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.it.html">Italiano</a> <!-- Italian -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.ja.html">日本語</a> <!--
Japanese -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.ko.html">한국어</a> <!--
Korean -->
+| <a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.fa.html">فارسی</a>
<!-- Persian -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.pl.html">Polski</a> <!-- Polish -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.pt.html">Português</a> <!-- Portuguese
-->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.ro.html">Românã</a> <!-- Romanian
-->
+| <a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.sr.html">Српски</a>
<!-- Serbian -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.sv.html">Svenska</a> <!-- Swedish -->
+]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="copyright">
+<p>
+ÐÑÑÑане кÑм <a href="/home.bg.html">главнаÑа
ÑÑÑаниÑа на пÑоекÑа GNU</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐолÑ, оÑпÑавÑйÑе вÑпÑоÑи оÑноÑно ФСС и GNU
по е-поÑа:
+<a href="mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]"><em>[EMAIL PROTECTED]</em></a>. Ðма и
дÑÑги наÑини
+за <a href="http://www.fsf.org/about/contact.html">вÑÑзка</a> Ñ
ФСС.
+<br />
+ÐолÑ, изпÑаÑайÑе доклади за ÑÑÑпени
Ñ
ипеÑвÑÑзки и дÑÑги коÑекÑии (или
+пÑедложениÑ) на е-поÑа:
+<a href="mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]"><em>[EMAIL PROTECTED]</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐижÑе <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ÐокÑменÑаÑиÑÑа
+за пÑеводаÑи</a> за инÑоÑмаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾ÑноÑно
кооÑдиниÑанеÑо и подаванеÑо на
+пÑеводи на Ñази ÑÑаÑиÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐвÑоÑÑки пÑава: (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005
+ФондаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð·Ð° Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ (Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51
+Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA)
+<br />
+ÐоÑловноÑо копиÑане и ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанение на
ÑÑлаÑа ÑÑаÑÐ¸Ñ Ñа позволени за
+вÑеки Ñип ноÑиÑел без нÑжда Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑанеÑо
на ÑакÑи, ÑÑига Ñази
+бележка да бÑде запазена.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<b>ÐÑевод</b>: Ð¯Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ðоганов</a> <a
+href="mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]"><[EMAIL PROTECTED]></a>, 2006 г.
+<br />
+ÐолÑ, докладвайÑе гÑеÑки и пÑедложениÑ
оÑноÑно бÑлгаÑÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ñевод ÑÑез
+<a href="http://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?group=www-bg">ÑиÑÑемаÑа за
+пÑоÑледÑване на гÑеÑки</a> на <a
+href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-bg/">пÑоекÑа за
пÑевод на
+www.gnu.org</a>. ÐлагодаÑим Ðи!</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐоÑледно обновÑване:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2006/12/20 16:00:28 $ $Author: yavor $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html>
Index: gnu-history.html
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu-history.html
diff -N gnu-history.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu-history.html 20 Dec 2006 16:00:28 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
+
+<head>
+<title>Overview of the GNU System - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content='text/html; charset=utf-8' />
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/gnu.css" />
+<link rev="made" href="[EMAIL PROTECTED]" />
+<meta name="Keywords" content="GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free
Software Foundation, History" />
+</head>
+
+<!-- This document is in XML, and xhtml 1.0 -->
+<!-- Please make sure to properly nest your tags -->
+<!-- and ensure that your final document validates -->
+<!-- consistent with W3C xhtml 1.0 and CSS standards -->
+<!-- See validator.w3.org -->
+
+<body>
+
+
+
+<h3>Overview of the GNU System</h3>
+
+<p>
+<a href="/graphics/whatsgnu.html"><img src="/graphics/whats-gnu-sm.jpg"
+ alt=" [image of What's GNU] "
+ width="125" height="120" /></a>
+</p>
+
+<p><a href="#translations">Translations</a> of this page</p>
+
+<p>
+<hr />
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The GNU operating system is a complete free software system,
+upward-compatible with Unix. GNU stands for ``GNU's Not Unix''.
+<a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</a> made the
+<a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">Initial Announcement</a> of
+the GNU Project in September 1983. A longer version called
+the <a href="/gnu/manifesto.html">GNU Manifesto</a> was published in
+September 1985. It has been translated into several
+<a href="/gnu/manifesto.html#translations">other languages</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+The name ``GNU'' was chosen because it met a few requirements; first,
+it was a recursive acronym for ``GNU's Not Unix'', second, because it
+was a real word, and third, it was fun to say (or
+<a href="http://www.poppyfields.net/poppy/songs/gnu.html">Sing</a>).</p>
+
+<p>
+The word ``free'' in ``free software'' pertains to
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">freedom</a>, not price. You may or
+may not pay a price to get GNU software. Either way, once you have
+the software you have three specific freedoms in using it. First, the
+freedom to copy the program and give it away to your friends and
+co-workers; second, the freedom to change the program as you wish, by
+having full access to source code; third, the freedom to distribute an
+improved version and thus help build the community. (If you
+redistribute GNU software, you may charge a fee for the physical act
+of transferring a copy, or you may give away copies.)</p>
+
+<p>
+The project to develop the GNU system is called the ``GNU Project.''
+The GNU Project was conceived in 1983 as a way of bringing back the
+cooperative spirit that prevailed in the computing community in
+earlier days---to make cooperation possible once again by removing the
+obstacles to cooperation imposed by the owners of proprietary
+software.</p>
+
+<p>
+In 1971, when Richard Stallman started his career at MIT, he worked in
+a group which used <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free
+software</a> exclusively. Even computer companies often distributed
+free software. Programmers were free to cooperate with each other,
+and often did.</p>
+
+<p>
+By the 1980s, almost all software was
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">proprietary</a>,
+which means that it had owners who forbid and
+prevent cooperation by users. This made the GNU Project necessary.</p>
+
+<p>
+Every computer user needs an operating system; if there is no free
+operating system, then you can't even get started using a computer
+without resorting to proprietary software. So the first item on the
+free software agenda obviously had to be a free operating system.</p>
+
+<p>
+We decided to make the operating system compatible with Unix because
+the overall design was already proven and portable, and because
+compatibility makes it easy for Unix users to switch from Unix to GNU.</p>
+
+<p>
+An Unix-like operating system is much more than a kernel; it also
+includes compilers, editors, text formatters, mail software, and many
+other things. Thus, writing a whole operating system is a very large
+job. We started in January 1984. It took many years.
+The <a href="http://fsf.org/"> Free Software Foundation </a> was
+founded in October 1985, initially to raise funds to help develop GNU.</p>
+
+<p>
+By 1990 we had either found or written all the major components except
+one--the kernel. Then Linux, a Unix-like kernel, was developed by
+Linus Torvalds in 1991 and made free software in 1992.. Combining
+Linux with the almost-complete GNU system resulted in a complete
+operating system: the GNU/Linux system. Estimates are that tens of
+millions of people now use GNU/Linux systems, including Slackware,
+Debian, Red Hat, and others.</p>
+
+<p>
+However, the GNU Project is not limited to the core operating system.
+We aim to provide a whole spectrum of software, whatever many users
+want to have. This includes application software. See
+the <a href="/directory"> Free Software Directory </a> for a catalogue
+of free software application programs.</p>
+
+<p>
+We also want to provide software for users who are not computer
+experts. Therefore we developed a
+<a href="http://www.gnome.org/"> graphical desktop</a> to help
+beginners use the GNU system.</p>
+
+<p>
+We also want to provide games and other recreations. Some free games
+are already available.</p>
+
+<p>
+How far can free software go? There are no limits, except when laws
+such as the patent system prohibit free software entirely. The
+ultimate goal is to provide free software to do all of the jobs
+computer users want to do--and thus make proprietary software
+obsolete.</p>
+
+
+<hr />
+<h4><a href="/gnu/gnu.html">More about the GNU Project</a></h4>
+<hr />
+
+<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
+<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+
+<div class="translations">
+<p><a id="translations"></a>
+<b>Translations of this page</b>:<br />
+
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical, and in the original -->
+<!-- language if possible, otherwise default to English -->
+<!-- If you do not have it English, please comment what the -->
+<!-- English is. If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise [EMAIL PROTECTED] and add it to -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/bin/nightly-vars either TAGSLANG or WEBLANG -->
+<!-- - in /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!-- one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!-- - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!-- to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the 2 letter language code right versus -->
+<!-- http://www.w3.org/WAI/ER/IG/ert/iso639.htm -->
+
+[
+ <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.ca.html">Català</a> <!-- Catalan -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.cn.html">简体中文</a>
<!-- Chinese(Simplified) -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.zh.html">繁體中文</a>
<!-- Chinese(Traditional) -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.cs.html">Česky</a> <!-- Czech -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.de.html">Deutsch</a> <!-- German -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">English</a>
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.es.html">Español</a> <!-- Spanish -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.fr.html">Français</a> <!-- French -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.id.html">Bahasa Indonesia</a> <!-- Indonesian
-->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.it.html">Italiano</a> <!-- Italian -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.ja.html">日本語</a> <!--
Japanese -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.ko.html">한국어</a> <!--
Korean -->
+| <a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.fa.html">فارسی</a>
<!-- Persian -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.pl.html">Polski</a> <!-- Polish -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.pt.html">Português</a> <!-- Portuguese
-->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.ro.html">Românã</a> <!-- Romanian
-->
+| <a
href="/gnu/gnu-history.sr.html">Српски</a>
<!-- Serbian -->
+| <a href="/gnu/gnu-history.sv.html">Svenska</a> <!-- Swedish -->
+]
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="copyright">
+<p>
+Return to the <a href="/home.html">GNU Project home page</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]"><em>[EMAIL PROTECTED]</em></a>.
+There are also <a href="/home.html#ContactInfo">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections (or suggestions) to
+<a href="mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]"><em>[EMAIL PROTECTED]</em></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
+<br />
+Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is
+preserved.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2006/12/20 16:00:28 $ $Author: yavor $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</body>
+</html>
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