Greetings all I am looking for a BMP of paper ?
* News paper * Plane paper * Paper mixed with human effluent * Paper mixed with other material Any think would be good Regards Bill Rucks -----Original Message----- From: [email protected] [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of [email protected] Sent: Friday, 9 December 2011 9:00 a.m. To: [email protected] Subject: Digestion Digest, Vol 16, Issue 8 Send Digestion mailing list submissions to [email protected] To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergyli sts.org or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to [email protected] You can reach the person managing the list at [email protected] When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific than "Re: Contents of Digestion digest..." Today's Topics: 1. Re: dosing for crops (David) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Message: 1 Date: Wed, 07 Dec 2011 13:46:26 -0800 From: David <[email protected]> To: For Discussion of Anaerobic Digestion <[email protected]> Subject: Re: [Digestion] dosing for crops Message-ID: <[email protected]> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"; Format="flowed" Les, all, On 12/7/2011 2:59 AM, Les Gornall wrote: > Wayne, > > My first point of call for any fertiliser recommendations is > 'FERTILISER RECOMMENDATIONS' otherwise known as RB209.... > > From memory trials in Egypt in sandy soils crops were compared from > digested and undigested manures for decades (Halwagi et al). The > digestate crop yield was 15% better than the undigested manure crop > yield after 15 years. In other words the soil was improving as a > growing medium even in hot sandy soils. I guess nothing ever dies in the Internet. Digital eternity? I was interested in your mention of this, Les, and went spelunking, thus encountering the fragment below <http://www.repp.org/discussion/digestion/200002/msg00130.html>, also posted by you to this list, but a decade ago. Do forgive me therefore for quoting it-- your ideas may well have changed, etc.-- but I thought it was a useful addition to this discussion: There are very few long term experiments relating plant growth to the plant nutrients and micronutrients in digested vs undigested organic wastes. - Have you ever tried to get a grant for a 20 year research project? However, you should read : MOAWAD H., ZOHDY L.I., BADR EL-DIN S.M.S, KHALAFALLAH M.A., ABDEL-MAKSOUD H.K., 1984, "Assessment of anaerobically digested slurry as a fertiliser and soil conditioner." in [El-] Halwagi ed. Proc.Int. Conf. State of the art on Biogas Technology Transfer and Diffusion, Cairo Nov. 17-24, Elsevier App.Sci. 499-519. The above appears to be the reference which memory prompted you to cite, although perhaps it should be referenced as Moawad et al. You go on: Also Zohdy L.I. et al 1984, "Repeated application of anaerobically digested slurry and its effect on the yield and NPK uptake of wheat, turnips and onion plants." (also in Halwagi ed. above.) These workers found that whilst the annual difference in crop mass was greater for AD than unD manures, the difference was not significant statistically-- But the positive difference accumulated year on year for many years and so after 15 years you would expect almost 15% more crop mass. It seems to me that soils typically take 10,000 years to make and 100 years to destroy. The aim of using AD is that the decomposition of organic matter that would take place slowly in the soil is done quickly in the digester. The AD effluent is then used to rebuild the soil structure faster and more efficiently than it is being destroyed by the agricultural activity which itself depletes soil organics 100 times faster than nature can repair the losses incurred by agriculture. If we put undigested sludge on the soil the soil first has to grow the bacteria for decomposition and typical growth rates of bacteria in soil (in Northern Ireland) are one doubling per year as determined by soil respiration experiments (see the work of Prof. A. McFadden in the 1970's). There are also other losses from 'slurry spreading', nitrogen is lost, (bound up as microbial protein in AD effluent), clovers and nitrogen fixing plants are severely inhibited and earthworm populations fail, reducing recycling. It is a big subject and one that is severely underfunded academically. d. -- David William House "The Complete Biogas Handbook" |www.completebiogas.com| /Vahid Biogas/, an alternative energy consultancy |www.vahidbiogas.com | || "Make no search for water. But find thirst, And water from the very ground will burst." (Rumi, a Persian mystic poet, quoted in /Delight of Hearts/, p. 77) http://bahai.us/ -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... 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_______________________________________________ Digestion mailing list to Send a Message to the list, use the email address [email protected] to UNSUBSCRIBE or Change your List Settings use the web page http://lists.bioenergylists.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_lists.bioenergylists.org for more information about digestion, see Beginner's Guide to Biogas http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/ and the Biogas Wiki http://biogas.wikispaces.com/
