Hello Dimitar,
Hello I am new to D.
Hello, welcome.
My question is: How do you apply a .patch file?
this seems to be somewhat usefull: http://docs.moodle.org/en/Development:How_to_apply_a_patch windows tools (linux will already have them): http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/packages/patch.htm
And then I guess I have to compile the compiler again? If yes which file do I pass to bud?
Unless you are primarily interested in compiler development, I'd suggest you just use DMD as is. (I'm assuming you are referring to patching DMD.)