I was exchanging E-mails with one of the individuals who was initially involved in writing the MIL-STD that created multine tone modems and the use of a single tone with no modulation in PSK modes to track and correct for doppler shift.
They could not understand why "hams" did not just add another tone with no modulation to compensate for doppler on HF paths? They mentioned that surely it wouldn't take up that much more bandwidth and would add so much to the robustness of our PSK modes. 73, Walt/K5YFW