tlopex commented on code in PR #649:
URL: https://github.com/apache/tvm-ffi/pull/649#discussion_r3745084027


##########
src/ffi/extra/structural_mutate.cc:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ * specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ * under the License.
+ */
+/*!
+ * \file src/ffi/extra/structural_mutate.cc
+ * \brief Structural mutator and structural map registration.
+ */
+#include <tvm/ffi/container/array.h>
+#include <tvm/ffi/container/dict.h>
+#include <tvm/ffi/container/list.h>
+#include <tvm/ffi/container/map.h>
+#include <tvm/ffi/extra/structural_mutate.h>
+#include <tvm/ffi/function.h>
+#include <tvm/ffi/reflection/accessor.h>
+#include <tvm/ffi/reflection/registry.h>
+
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace tvm {
+namespace ffi {
+
+namespace details {
+
+/*!
+ * \brief Runtime structural map for callback arrays.
+ *
+ * \param root The root value to map.
+ * \param callbacks Runtime callback entries of ``(type_index, 
ffi::Function)`` invoked as
+ *                  ``callback(value)``.
+ * \param callbacks_with_def_region_kind Runtime callback entries of 
``(type_index, ffi::Function)``
+ *                                       invoked as ``callback(value, 
def_region_kind)``.
+ * \param order Integer value of \ref WalkOrder.
+ * \return The mapped owning value, or an Error.
+ */
+Expected<Any> StructuralMapExpected(
+    AnyView root, const Array<Tuple<int32_t, Function>>& callbacks,
+    const Array<Tuple<int32_t, Function>>& callbacks_with_def_region_kind, int 
order) noexcept {
+  auto dispatch = [callbacks, callbacks_with_def_region_kind](
+                      AnyView x, TVMFFIDefRegionKind kind) -> Expected<Any> {
+    for (const auto& entry : callbacks) {
+      int32_t type_index = entry.template get<0>();
+      if (!RuntimeTypeIndexMatch(x.type_index(), type_index)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      Function fn = entry.template get<1>();
+      return fn.CallExpected<Any>(x);
+    }
+    for (const auto& entry : callbacks_with_def_region_kind) {
+      int32_t type_index = entry.template get<0>();
+      if (!RuntimeTypeIndexMatch(x.type_index(), type_index)) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      Function fn = entry.template get<1>();
+      return fn.CallExpected<Any>(x, kind);
+    }
+    return Any(x);
+  };
+
+  if (order == static_cast<int>(WalkOrder::kPreOrder)) {
+    using Mutator = StructuralMapMutatorObj<WalkOrder::kPreOrder, 
decltype(dispatch)>;
+    StructuralMutator mutator(make_object<Mutator>(std::move(dispatch)));
+    return mutator->MaybeInplaceMutateIfUniqueExpected(root);
+  } else {
+    using Mutator = StructuralMapMutatorObj<WalkOrder::kPostOrder, 
decltype(dispatch)>;
+    StructuralMutator mutator(make_object<Mutator>(std::move(dispatch)));
+    return mutator->MaybeInplaceMutateIfUniqueExpected(root);
+  }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Built-in container structural mutation.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/*!
+ * \brief Structurally mutate the elements of a sequence container.
+ *
+ * \tparam SeqObj The underlying sequence object type.
+ * \param mutator The active structural mutator.
+ * \param value The borrowed sequence container.
+ * \param source The sequence object stored in \p value.
+ * \return The mutated sequence, or an Error.
+ */
+template <typename SeqObj>
+Expected<Any> MutateSeqContainerExpected(StructuralMutatorObj* mutator, 
AnyView value,
+                                         const SeqObj* source) noexcept {
+  try {
+    int64_t size = static_cast<int64_t>(source->size());
+    ObjectPtr<SeqObj> output = nullptr;
+
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+      const Any& item = source->at(i);
+      Expected<Any> mapped_item = mutator->MutateExpected(item);
+      if (TVM_FFI_PREDICT_FALSE(mapped_item.is_err())) {
+        return Unexpected(std::move(mapped_item).error());
+      }
+      const Any& mapped_value = details::ExpectedUnsafe::GetData(mapped_item);
+
+      if (output == nullptr) {
+        if (item.same_as(mapped_value)) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        output = SeqObj::CreateRepeated(size, Any());
+        for (int64_t j = 0; j < i; ++j) {
+          output->SetItem(j, source->at(j));
+        }
+      }
+      output->SetItem(i, mapped_value);
+    }
+
+    if (output == nullptr) {
+      return Any(value);
+    }
+    return Any(ObjectRef(std::move(output)));
+  } catch (const Error& err) {
+    return Unexpected(err);
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * \brief Structurally mutate the elements of a sequence container in place 
when safe.
+ *
+ * \tparam SeqObj The underlying sequence object type.
+ * \param mutator The active structural mutator.
+ * \param value The borrowed sequence container, which must be safe to mutate 
in place.
+ * \param target The sequence object stored in \p value.
+ * \return The mutated sequence, or an Error.
+ */
+template <typename SeqObj>
+Expected<Any> MaybeInplaceMutateSeqContainerExpected(StructuralMutatorObj* 
mutator, AnyView value,
+                                                     SeqObj* target) noexcept {
+  try {
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < static_cast<int64_t>(target->size()); ++i) {
+      const Any& item = target->at(i);
+      Expected<Any> mapped_item = 
mutator->MaybeInplaceMutateIfUniqueExpected(item);
+      if (TVM_FFI_PREDICT_FALSE(mapped_item.is_err())) {
+        return Unexpected(std::move(mapped_item).error());
+      }
+      const Any& mapped_value = details::ExpectedUnsafe::GetData(mapped_item);
+
+      if (!item.same_as(mapped_value)) {
+        target->SetItem(i, mapped_value);
+      }
+    }
+    return Any(value);
+  } catch (const Error& err) {
+    return Unexpected(err);
+  }
+}
+
+/*!
+ * \brief Structurally mutate the values of a map container.
+ *
+ * \tparam MapObjType The underlying map object type.
+ * \param mutator The active structural mutator.
+ * \param value The borrowed map container.
+ * \param source The map object stored in \p value.
+ * \return The mutated map, or an Error.
+ */
+template <typename MapObjType>
+Expected<Any> MutateMapValuesExpected(StructuralMutatorObj* mutator, AnyView 
value,
+                                      const MapObjType* source) noexcept {
+  try {
+    ObjectPtr<Object> output = nullptr;
+    MapBaseObj::iterator output_it;
+    size_t index = 0;
+
+    for (auto source_it = source->begin(); source_it != source->end(); 
++source_it, ++index) {
+      const Any& old_value = source_it->second;
+      Expected<Any> mapped_value = mutator->MutateExpected(old_value);

Review Comment:
   If source is a Dict, MutateExpected may call a callback that mutates the 
same dict through an alias. This can trigger a rehash and invalidate source_it 
and old_value, and it may cause a SEGV when the loop continues?



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