#35194: Postgres 16.2 with _iexact leads to 
psycopg2.errors.IndeterminateCollation
--------------------------------------------+------------------------
               Reporter:  Michael A         |          Owner:  (none)
                   Type:  Bug               |         Status:  new
              Component:  contrib.postgres  |        Version:  5.0
               Severity:  Normal            |       Keywords:
           Triage Stage:  Unreviewed        |      Has patch:  0
    Needs documentation:  0                 |    Needs tests:  0
Patch needs improvement:  0                 |  Easy pickings:  0
                  UI/UX:  0                 |
--------------------------------------------+------------------------
 There is something up with how "_iexact" GeneratedField expressions are
 handling _iexact expressions.  This leads to a
 "psycopg2.errors.IndeterminateCollation: could not determine which
 collation to use for upper() function" error.   This was caught in our
 CI/CD env when I revved it to 16.2.  Existing / old migrations failed.
 This is a reduced examples from our code, with exception paths redacted
 where necessary.

 Model Definition:

 {{{
 class TestModel(models.Model):
      test = models.CharField(max_length=254, blank=True)
      test_gen =
 models.GeneratedField(expression=models.Q(test__iexact='yes'),
 output_field=models.BooleanField(), db_persist=True)
 }}}


 Migration content:

 {{{
 migrations.AddField(
             model_name='testmodel',
             name='test_gen',
             field=models.GeneratedField(db_persist=True,
 expression=models.Q(("test__iexact",'yes')),
 output_field=models.BooleanField()),
         )
 }}}

 Error:

 {{{
   Applying module.migration_name...Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "/opt/venv/lib/python3.11/site-
 packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 103, in _execute
     return self.cursor.execute(sql)
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 psycopg2.errors.IndeterminateCollation: could not determine which
 collation to use for upper() function
 HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
 The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
 Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "/builds/[redacted]/manage.py", line 15, in <module>
     execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
   File "/opt/[redacted]/lib/python3.11/site-
 packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 442, in
 execute_from_command_line
     utility.execute()
   File "/opt/[redacted]/lib/python3.11/site-
 packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 436, in execute
     self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
   File "/opt/[redacted]/lib/python3.11/site-
 packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 413, in run_from_argv
     self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
   File "/opt/[redacted]/lib/python3.11/site-
 packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 459, in execute
     output = self.handle(*args, **options)
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   File "/opt/[redacted]/lib/python3.11/site-
 packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 107, in wrapper
     res = handle_func(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   File "/opt/[redacted]/lib/python3.11/site-
 packages/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py", line 356, in handle
     post_migrate_state = executor.migrate(
                          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   File "/opt/[redacted]/lib/python3.11/site-
 packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 135, in migrate
     state = self._migrate_all_forwards(
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   File "/opt/[redacted]/lib/python3.11/site-
 packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 167, in
 _migrate_all_forwards
     state = self.apply_migration(
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   File "/opt/[redacted]/lib/python3.11/site-
 packages/django/db/migrations/executor.py", line 252, in apply_migration
     state = migration.apply(state, schema_editor)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   File "/opt/[redacted]/lib/python3.11/site-
 packages/django/db/migrations/migration.py", line 132, in apply
     operation.database_forwards(
   File "/opt/[redacted]/lib/python3.11/site-
 packages/django/db/migrations/operations/fields.py", line 108, in
 database_forwards
     schema_editor.add_field(
   File "/opt/[redacted]/lib/python3.11/site-
 packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 750, in add_field
     self.execute(sql, params)
   File "/opt/[redacted]/lib/python3.11/site-
 packages/django/db/backends/postgresql/schema.py", line 48, in execute
     return super().execute(sql, None)
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   File "/opt/[redacted]/lib/python3.11/site-
 packages/django/db/backends/base/schema.py", line 201, in execute
     cursor.execute(sql, params)
   File "/opt/[redacted]/lib/python3.11/site-
 packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 122, in execute
     return super().execute(sql, params)
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   File "/opt/[redacted]/lib/python3.11/site-
 packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 79, in execute
     return self._execute_with_wrappers(
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   File "/opt/[redacted]/lib/python3.11/site-
 packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 92, in _execute_with_wrappers
     return executor(sql, params, many, context)
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   File "/opt/[redacted]/lib/python3.11/site-
 packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 100, in _execute
     with self.db.wrap_database_errors:
   File "/opt/[redacted]/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/db/utils.py",
 line 91, in __exit__
     raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
   File "/opt/[redacted]/lib/python3.11/site-
 packages/django/db/backends/utils.py", line 103, in _execute
     return self.cursor.execute(sql)
            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 django.db.utils.ProgrammingError: could not determine which collation to
 use for upper() function
 HINT:  Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.
 }}}
-- 
Ticket URL: <https://code.djangoproject.com/ticket/35194>
Django <https://code.djangoproject.com/>
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