> After more digging, what did the problem turn out to be?
> 
> 
> .... policykit-1.  Yup, during my upgrade, I snagged policykit-1 from
> Devuan.  It broke things.
> 
> I apt-get remove'd policykit-1, and lookit that, my Reboot/Shutdown
> buttons are back. I didn't even have to restart XFCE.
> 
> 
> ~jaret

 [T.J. ] Thank you.  That is actually useful information. I've never really 
been a fan of policykit, aka polkit.  The point behind policykit is to have 
nonprivileged processes communicate with privileged ones.  You give polkit 
exactly the same password as you would to extend sudo privileges, and it in 
effect does the same thing.  I'm not saying they are exactly the same.  They 
aren't.  But they ARE used for exactly the same purposes on a day to day basis. 
 Sudo can be fine-grained as well. It does not have to be an all or nothing 
approach.  Why have two different mechanisms installed to do the same job? 

Like most efforts on Linux, the idea is a bit daft.  I say that with affection. 
 People mean well, but Linux is hardly an organized system.  It is a 
hodge-podge of hacks, thrown together in a blender.  Outside of the kernel, 
there is very little rhyme or reason.  Userspace is always a mess.  Then they 
try to consolidate things into systemd, and make an even bigger mess because 
systemd is not ABI stable, nor is everything properly documented.



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