RISK FACTORS FOR VOCAL FATIGUE AMONG TEACHERS
Hamsu Kadriyan, Siswanto Sastrowijoto, Soepomo Soekardono
Department of ENT Head & Neck Surgery � Medical Faculty of
Gadjah Mada University/Dr. Sardjito Hospital
Jogjakarta-Indonesia
Seluruh abstract tidak lebih dari 300 kata, alamat secretariat : [EMAIL
PROTECTED]; [EMAIL PROTECTED]; www.aseanORL2005.org .
Objective :
Methods :
Summary of result :
Conclusion :
Risk Factors for Vocal Fatigue Among Teachers
Hamsu Kadriyan, Siswanto Sastrowijoto, Soepomo Soekardono*
Abstract
Introduction
Teachers are profession who have to speech in period of time during conducted
their works. This situation make teachers at high risk for some voice disorder.
Vocal fatigue is the most common voice disorder in profession who performed
their work mainly by speaking, including teachers.[1] Indonesian National
Educational Department reported that there are 1.164.808 and 476.827 elementary
and junior high school teachers consecutively in 2001/2002.[2]
Vocal fatigue is a negative vocal adaptation that occurs as a consequence of
prolonged voice use without pathologic changes in voice tract.[3] However,
permanent pathologic changes can occurred as complication of vocal fatigue,
such as vocal node, polyp or cysts. Voice tract consist of pulmonary power as
generator, larynx as vibrator and supraglotis tracts (including oral-pharyngeal
structure and nose and paranasal sinus) as articulator and resonator.[4]
Negative vocal adaptation is viewed as perceptual, acoustic, or physiologic
concept, indicating undesirable or unexpected changes in the functional status
of the laryngeal mechanism.3
Perceptually changes in voice quality can be assessed by voice pathologist or
him/her self report. Gotaas (1993)1 reported that 80% of classroom teachers
have an experiences of vocal fatigue, this report based on teachers self
assessment.
Symptoms of vocal fatigue varies individually. Welham (2003)3 reported that
there are many kind of vocal fatigue symptoms, including hoarse/husky vocal
quality, breathy vocal quality, loss of voice, pitch break or inability to
maintain typical pitch or reduced pitch ranged (in singer), lack vocal carrying
power, reduced loudness range, need to use greater vocal effort, running out of
breath while talking, unsteady voice, tension in neck/shoulders, throat/neck
pain, throat fatigue, throat tightness/constriction, increased need to
cough/throat clearing and discomfort in chest or back of neck.
Those symptoms are related to physiologics and biomechanics aspect that affect
voice tract to produced negative voice adaptation. This include neuromuscular
fatigue, increased of vocal fold viscosity, reduced blood circulation,
nonmuscular tissue strain and respiratory muscle fatigue.3
Teachers are have some habits, may be produced by the teaching system such as
long term teaching period, rest time, etc. or individual habits such as
smoking, drinking alcohol, drinking waters etc. The problem is the habits may
be as risk factors that affect occurrences of vocal fatigue. The aim of this
study is to know the risk factors that affect occurrences of vocal fatigue.
Material and method
This study conducted by cross-sectional method. Subject are teachers whose
coming to Sardjito�s hospital to assess their disease whatever their disease or
whose assess their health status. Teachers who agree to fill the form are
included in this study. Subject has been taken by 1st until 31st of July 2004.
Teachers who as an inactive teachers are exclude from this study.
The risk factors and vocal fatigue self report symptoms are identified in same
time by filling the form. The period of time as active teachers (years), mean
time to teaching a day (hours), mean time to speaking in front class
continuously (hours) are systematic risk factors that identified in this study,
whereas age, sex, smoking, drinking alcohol, drinking water are individual risk
factors. Chi-square is conducted to analyze the prevalence ratio and 95%
confidence interval. Logistic regression is conducted to analyze the most
significant risk factors that affect vocal fatigue.
Result
There are 51 subject in this study, 27 (52,9%) male and 24 (47,1%) female with
mean age 45,3 years.
Discussion
Conclusion
---------------------------------
* Department of ENT Head & Neck Surgery � Medical Faculty of Gadjah Mada
University � Jogjakarta � Indonesia
[1] Gotaas C, Star CD. Vocal fatigue among teachers. Folia Phoniatr
1993;45:120-129.
[2] Indonesian National Educational Department. Elementary and junior high
school teachers data. 2001/2002. Available at www.diknas.go.id
[3] Welham NV, Margaret AM. Vocal fatigue: current knowledge and future
direction. J Voice 2003;17:21-30.
[4] Bailey BJ. Upper airway anatomy and function. In Otolaryngology Head Neck
Surgery 2nd ed. Mosby. New York 1999.
---------------------------------
ALL-NEW Yahoo! Messenger - all new features - even more fun!
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor --------------------~-->
Help save the life of a child. Support St. Jude Children's Research Hospital's
'Thanks & Giving.'
http://us.click.yahoo.com/0iazvD/5WnJAA/xGEGAA/asSolB/TM
--------------------------------------------------------------------~->
Dapatkan informasi kesehatan gratis
Mailing List Dokter Indonesia
http://www.mldi.or.id
Yahoo! Groups Links
<*> To visit your group on the web, go to:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/dokter/
<*> To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to:
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
<*> Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to:
http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
